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HTTP/1.1 301 Moved PermanentlyDate: Fri, 13 Sep 2024 00:09:38 GMTServer: ApacheLocation: https://www.warandgender.com/Content-Length: 237Content-Type: text/html; charsetiso-8859-1 !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC -//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN>html>head>title>301 Moved Permanently/title>/head>body>h1>Moved Permanently/h1>p>The document has moved a hrefhttps://www.warandgender.com/>here/a>./p>/body>/html>
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HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Fri, 13 Sep 2024 00:09:38 GMTServer: ApacheUpgrade: h2Connection: UpgradeLast-Modified: Thu, 11 Aug 2011 19:25:25 GMTETag: 516f-4aa3fc238b340Accept-Ranges: bytesContent-Length: 20847Cache-Control: max-age600Expires: Fri, 13 Sep 2024 00:19:38 GMTVary: Accept-Encoding,User-AgentContent-Type: text/html HTML>HEAD>TITLE>War and Gender/TITLE>META namedescription contentWebsite for Joshua S. Goldsteins book, War and Gender (Cambridge University Press, 2001).>META namekeywords contentwar,gender,sex,violence,aggression,male violence,women soldiers,women in combat,masculinity,boys,interdisciplinary,women warriors,female,male,biology,testosterone,feminism,feminist,history>!-- meta nameMSSmartTagsPreventParsing contentTRUE -->/HEAD>BODY bgcolor#FFFFFF text#000000 link#0000FF vlink#800080 alink#FF0000>table width940 cellspacing5 cellpadding0 border0>tr>td width180 valigntop alignleft bgcolor#C0C0C0>A HREFwgcover.htm>img altbook cover srcwagcover.jpg>/A>BR>A HREF#descrip>Description/A>BR>BR>A HREF#toc>Table of Contents/A>BR>BR>A HREF#preface>Preface/A>BR>BR>A HREFwgch1.htm>Read chapter one/A>BR>BR>A HREFwgrefs.htm>References (searchable)/A>BR>BR>A HREFwgbooks.htm>Other books on this topic/A>BR>BR>/td>td width760 valigntop>STRONG>FONT SIZE+1 COLOR#FF0000>War and Gender:BR>How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa/FONT>/STRONG>BR>STRONG>by A HREFhttp://www.joshuagoldstein.com>Joshua S. Goldstein/A>/STRONG> (Cambridge University Press, 2001)HR>B> Book of the Decade Award (2000-2009), International Studies Association/B>BR>BR>War and Gender is a fascinating book about an importantissue. I thoroughly recommend it to everyone who has aninterest in why we humans behave the way we do.BR>-- STRONG>Jane Goodall/STRONG> (The Jane Goodall Institute)P>What a marvelous book! Readers will be captured byGoldsteins clear, trenchant writing style, remarkableinterdisciplinary breadth, and the wealth of fascinating newdetails and ideas on every page. Some of his conclusions willundoubtedly be controversial. So much the better. This isdefinitely a must read book.BR>-- STRONG>Eleanor E. Maccoby/STRONG> (Dept. ofPsychology, Stanford University)/P>P>Joshua Goldsteins book redefines what we think of bothwar and gender. It is simply the most disturbing account ofthe link between sex and violence yet written. Finally, we havea truly multi-disciplinary study of the subject. Distressing, andconvincing.BR>-- STRONG>Joanna Bourke/STRONG> (School of History, Classics andArchaeology, U. of London)/P>P>A must-read for anyone interested in gender and militarism.BR>-- STRONG>Jane Mansbridge/STRONG> (Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University)/P>P>Co-winner of the American Political Science Associations Victoria Schuck Award forbest book on women and politics, 2002./P>/td>/tr>/table>TABLE width900 CELLSPACING0 BORDER0 bgcolor#FF9D9D alignleft>TR>TD> A HREFforums/WarGen/index.html>Discussion Forum/A> Email: jg -at- joshuagoldstein -dot- com A HREFhttp://www.joshuagoldstein.com>About the Author/A> A HREFwgcover.htm>About the Cover Photo/A>/TD>/TR>/TABLE>BR>BR>table width960 cellspacing5 cellpadding0 border0>tr>td width160 valigntop alignleft bgcolor#C0C0C0>FONT SIZE2>Short excerpts and illustrations on:BR>A HREFwgwomwwi.htm>Women in WWI/A>BR>A HREFwgwomcom.htm>Women in Combat/A>BR>A HREFwgfemcom.htm>Female Combat/A>BR>A HREFwgamazon.htm>Amazon Women/A>BR>A HREFwgfemini.htm>Feminist Theory/A>BR>A HREFwggenrol.htm>Gender Roles/A>BR>A HREFwggendif.htm>Gender Difference/A>BR>A HREFwggeniss.htm>Gender Issues/A>BR>A HREFwggenfaq.htm>Gender FAQs/A>BR>A HREFwggenexp.htm>Gender Explanation/A>BR>A HREFwggensex.htm>Gender - Sexuality/A>BR>A HREFwggenstu.htm>Gender Studies/A>BR>A HREFwgnature.htm>Nature-Nurture/A>BR>A HREFwgptsd.htm>PTSD/A>BR>A HREFwgmaleag.htm>Male Aggression/A>BR>A HREFwgmen.htm>Men/A>BR>A HREFwgfather.htm>Fathers/A>BR>A HREFwgboys.htm>Boys Violence/A>BR>A HREFwgpeace.htm>Peace/A>/td>/font>td width800 valigntop> A HREFhttp://www.warandgender.com/wgwomwwi.htm>Excerpts and information about womens roles in World War I/A>BR> A HREFhttp://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0110/p11s2-coop.html>Goldsteins Op Ed on gender and the war on terrorism(CS Monitor 1/20/02)/A>HR>BR> B>ISBN: 0521001803/B> paperback, B>0521807166/B> hardbound, 523 pp.BR>BR>A HREFhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521001803/refnosim/elementarysports>Find at Amazon.com/A>BR>A HREFhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/textbooks/booksearch/isbninquiry.asp?userid349IECIL56&isbn0521001803>Find at Barnes and Noble/A>BR>A HREFhttp://us.cambridge.org/titles/catalogue.asp?isbn0521001803>Find at Cambridge U. Press/A>BR>BR>BR>!-- Search Google -->FORM methodGET actionhttp://www.google.com/custom>TABLE bgcolor#FFFFFF cellspacing0 border0>tr valigntop>td>A HREFhttp://www.google.com/search>IMG SRChttp://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif border0 ALTGoogle alignmiddle>/A>/td>td>INPUT TYPEtext nameq size31 maxlength255 value>INPUT typesubmit namesa VALUEGoogle Search>INPUT typehidden namecof VALUELW:85;L:http://www.warandgender.com/wagcovs.jpg;LH:94;AH:left;S:http://www.warandgender.com;AWFID:2ecfb8b8289f1b92;>font facearial,sans-serif size-1>input typehidden namedomains valuewarandgender.com>br>input typeradio namesitesearch valuewarandgender.com checked> Search This Siteinput typeradio namesitesearch value> Search the web /font>br>/td>/tr>/TABLE>/FORM>!-- Search Google -->To directly search all References,A HREFwgrefs.htm>click here/A>/tr>/TABLE>HR>A NAMEdescrip>STRONG>Description/STRONG>/A>P>Gender roles are nowhere more prominent than in war. Yet contentious debates, and the scattering of scholarship acrossacademic disciplines, have obscured understanding of how gender affects war and vice versa. In this authoritative and livelyreview of our state of knowledge, Joshua Goldstein assesses the possible explanations for the near-total exclusion of womenfrom combat forces, through history and across cultures. Topics covered include the history of women who did fight andfought well, the complex role of testosterone in mens social behaviors, and the construction of masculinity and femininity inthe shadow of war. Goldstein concludes that killing in war does not come naturally for either gender, and that gender normsoften shape men, women, and children to the needs of the war system. lllustrated with photographs, drawings, and graphics,and drawing from scholarship spanning six academic disciplines, this book provides a unique study of a fascinating issue.BR>BR>/P>p>font size2>I>© 2001 Joshua S. Goldstein/I>/font>/p>A NAMEtoc>/A>table width95% border3 cellspacing3 cellpadding3 aligncenter> tr> td> p aligncenter>b>font size4>Brief Table of Contents/font>br>/p> p>b>List of Figures and Tables br> Preface /b>/p> p>b>1. A Puzzle: The Cross-Cultural Consistency of Gender Roles in War br> 2. Women Warriors: The Historical Record of Female Combatants br> 3. Bodies: The Biology of Individual Gender br> 4. Groups: Bonding, Hierarchy, and Social Identitybr> 5. Heroes: The Making of Militarized Masculinity br> 6. Conquests: Sex, Rape, and Exploitation in Wartime br> 7. Reflections: The Mutuality of Gender and War /b>/p> p>b>References Author Indexbr> Subject Index /b>/p> p>/p>/td> /tr>/table>p> /p>A NAMEdtoc>/A>table width95% border3 cellspacing3 cellpadding10 aligncenter> tr> td> p aligncenter>b>font size4>Detailed Table of Contents/font>/b>/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height52>List of Figures and Tablesbr> Preface p>/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height519>font size4>b>1. A Puzzle: The Cross-Cultural Consistency of Gender Roles in War /b>/font> p>B>Introduction/B>br> Plan of the BookBR> The Diversity of War and of Gender/p> p>b>A. The Universal Gendering of Warbr> /b>Myths of Amazon Matriarchiesbr> Gendered War Roles in Preindustrial Societiesbr> Cases of Female Participation in Combat/p> p>b>B. The Universal Potential for Warbr> /b>The Myth of Peaceful Originsbr> Present-day Gathering-Hunting Societiesbr> Specific Peaceful Societies/p> p>b>C. Feminist Theories of War and Peacebr> /b>Seeing Genderbr> Liberal Feminismbr> Difference Feminismbr> Postmodern Feminismbr> Feminism and Biologybr> Feminism and International Relations Theory/p> p>B>Conclusion/B>/p> p>/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height467> p>font size4>b>2. Women Warriors: The Historical Record of Female Combatants/b>/font>/p> p>B>Introduction/B>br> p>b>A. Female Combat Units/b>br> Dahomey in the Slave-Trading Erabr> The Soviet Union in World War IIbr> Other Cases/p> p>b>B. Mixed-Gender Units/b>br> Guerrilla Armiesbr> Present-Day State Armiesbr> The U.S. Experience/p> p>b>C. Individual Women Fighters/b>br> Cross-Dressersbr> Openly Female Fighters/p> p>b>D. Women Military Leaders/b>br> Warrior Queensbr> Modern Political Leaders in Wartime/p> p>B>Conclusion/B>/p> p>/p> p>/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height544> p>font size4>b>3. Bodies: The Biology of Individual Gender/b>/font>/p> p>B>Introduction/B>br> The Nature-Nurture Feedback Loopbr> Gender Differences in Aggression/p> p>b>A. Geneticsbr> /b>The Genetics of Gender/p> p>b>B. Testosterone Levelsbr> /b>How Testosterone Worksbr> Testosterone and Aggressionbr> Social Competition and Testosterone Levelsbr> Stress Hormones/p> p>b>C. Size and Strengthbr> /b>Body Size and Strengthbr> Does Brain or Brawn Win Wars?/p> p>b>D. Brains and Cognitionbr> /b>Brain Developmentbr> Cognitive Abilitiesbr> Wired for Aggression?/p> p>b>E. Female Sex Hormones and Caregiving/b>/p> p>B>Conclusion/B>/p> p>/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height500> p>/p> p>b>font size4>4. Groups: Bonding, Hierarchy, and Social Identity/font>/b>/p> p>B>Introduction/B>br> Humans, Chimpanzees and Bonobosbr> Primate Diversity/p> p>b>A. Male Bondingbr> /b>Bonding in Combatbr> Is Bonding Gendered?/p> p>b>B. Ability to Work in Hierarchiesbr> /b>Dominancebr> Childhood Pecking Ordersbr> Managing Conflict within Groups/p> p>b>C. In-Group/Out-Group Psychologybr> /b>Intergroup Competitionbr> Intergroup Hostility/p> p>b>D. Childhood Gender Segregationbr> /b>Extent of Gender Segregationbr> Causes and Effects of Segregationbr> The Role of Fathers/p> p>B>Conclusion/B>/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height414> p>font size4>b>5. Heroes: The Making of Militarized Masculinity/b>/font>/p> p>B>Introduction/B>/p> p>b>A. Test of Manhood as a Motivation to Fightbr> /b>Fear and Functionality in Battlebr> Combat Traumabr> Manhood in Warbr> Historical Examplesbr> The Mens Movementbr> Toughening Up Boys/p> p>b>B. Feminine Reinforcement of Soldiers Masculinitybr> /b>Making War Abnormalbr> Womens Nurturing of Men Warriorsbr> Other Psychological War Support Roles/p> p>b>C. Women Peace Activism/b>/p> p>B>Conclusion/B>/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height459> p>font size4>b>6. Conquests: Sex, Rape, and Exploitation in Wartime/b>/font>/p> p>B>Introduction/B>br> p>b>A. Male Sexuality as a Cause of Aggressionbr> /b>Sex in Wartimebr> Military Prostitutionbr> Does Sex Affect Aggression?/p> p>b>B. Feminization of Enemies as Symbolic Dominationbr> /b>Means of Feminizationbr> Rape in Warbr> War and Misogynybr> Military Homophobia/p> p>b>C. Dependence on Exploiting Womens Laborbr> /b>Women War Workersbr> Womens Labor in the World Warsbr> Gender Inequality and War-Proneness Cross-Culturallybr> Are Women or Men the Main Victims of War?/p> p>B>Conclusion/B>/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height148> p>font size4>b>7. Reflections: The Mutuality of Gender and War/b>/font>/p> p>Sifting the Explanations of Gendered War Rolesbr> Lessons for Scholars of War and Peacebr> War as a Cause of Genderbr> Dilemmas of Social Change/p> /td> /tr> tr> td height60> p>References br> Author IndexBR> Subject Index /p> /td> /tr>/table>BR>HR>A NAMEpreface>/A>center>table width75% border0 bgcolor#ffffff cellspacing0 cellpadding0>tr>td>h2> Preface/h2>hr>/td>/tr>tr>td> /td>/tr>tr>td>p alignjustify>Recently, I discovered a list of unfinished research projects, which I had made fifteen years ago at the end of graduate school. About ten lines down is gender and war, with the notation most interesting of all; will ruin career wait until tenure. Fortunately, other political scientists in those years almost all of them women were not so timid in developing feminist scholarship on war. These pioneers laid the intellectual foundations for this project, and were often kind enough to teach me and encourage my gender interests. I am indebted to Carol Cohn, Francine DAmico, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Cynthia Enloe, V. Spike Peterson, Simona Sharoni, Christine Sylvester, J. Ann Tickner, and others. (And, fortunately, I did get tenure.)/p>p alignjustify>A second debt I owe to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, which funded a research leave based on my vague idea of writing an interdisciplinary book about war. When it proved slow a-borning, the foundation staff said simply that they would leave a space on their librarys shelf of MacArthur books. Here it is, only seven years late./p>p alignjustify>The roots of this project and a third debt go back further. I grew up on the Stanford campus, with two molecular biologists for parents. I worked occasionally in my fathers lab, and picked up a feeling for the world of natural science. Only in retrospect do I appreciate what an extraordinary privilege it was to grow up inside Stanford when it was still a small town and, for me, an interdisciplinary incubator./p>p alignjustify>Science and scholarship are never entirely unbiased, since knowledge-production occurs within social and political contexts. Scientists occupy positions in social hierarchies. Arguments serve purposes and reflect political agendas. Personally, I write from a position of privilege and security, as a white, male, North American, tenured social scientist. I have never been in a war or served in the military, though I was born in the shadow of World War II and turned 18 during Vietnam as a peace activist. My political agenda today is anti-war and pro-feminist, tempered over several decades by an appreciation of the enormous complexity and difficulty of these important changes in human society. All these perspectives, no doubt, affect the character of my book, but I would single out especially that of being a man. Men italic>should/italic> pay more attention to gender. We learn about ourselves by doing so. I have, at least./p>p alignjustify>This book summarizes a large and complex body of evidence drawn from different research communities in a variety of academic disciplines. Bringing this material together requires some translation, but I try not to over-translate others voices, nor to massage the mass of sometimes contradictory material to fit a single theory or dogma. The result is a longer book, but a richer one. I have tried hard to be careful, fair, and above all honest about where the empirical evidence leads, and about how poorly simplistic models and theories describe our complex world./p>p alignjustify>The research literatures covered here are growing exponentially. My review, with some exceptions, ends in early 1999, although new and interesting works continue to appear (notably Kurtz ed. 1999 and Bourke 1999). Many others will follow. For updates and discussions, see this books website, a hrefhttp://www.warandgender.com>www.warandgender.com/a>./p>p alignjustify>Exchanging ideas with scholars from other disciplines has been a special pleasure of this project. For their suggestions on a previous draft and on the project, I thank in particular John Archer, Frans de Waal, Mel and Carol Ember, Seymour and Norma Feshbach, Walter Goldschmidt, Jane Goodall, Sir Michael Howard, Paul Kennedy, Melvin Konner, Charles Lawrence, Eleanor Maccoby, Mari Matsuda, Richard Wrangham, and the late Carl Sagan./p>p alignjustify>In my own discipline I especially thank in addition to the feminist theorists mentioned earlier Hayward Alker, Neta Crawford, Randy Forsberg, Peter Haas, Ruth Jacobson, Sarah Johnson, Adam Jones, Stephen Krasner, Nanette Levinson, Jack Levy, Lory Manning, Jane Mansbridge, Craig Murphy, Shoon Murray, Robert North, Jim Rosenau, Bruce Russett, Cathy Schneider, Shibley Telhami, and others. Thanks also to participants in seminars and conversations at Yale, Stanford, Cornell, University of Massachusetts, American University, the University of Maryland, Rutgers, and the Peace Science Society and International Studies Association conferences. For research assistance and support, I thank the incomparable Elizabeth Kittrell, Wendy Hunter, Brook Demmerle, Briana Saunders, Teruo Iwai, Maryanne Yerkes, American University, University of Sothern California, University of Massachusetts, Yale, and Harvard. For seeing the potential of this book, I thank my editor at Cambridge University Press, John Haslam. Thanks to Reena Bernards, Cynthia Schrager, Elena Stone, and Allan Lefcowitz for writing help. For long-distance spiritual support during this long, difficult project, I appreciate Joyce Galaski, Ericka Huggins, and Reena Kling. Finally, thanks to Andra, Solomon, and Ruth for companionship and humor./p>h3>About the footnotes/h3>p alignjustify>The footnotes, grouped by paragraph of text, provide work and page citations for quotes and specific claims, indicated by an identifier word before the page number. A subject word followed by a colon applies to subsequent citations until the next colon. A citation without identifier or subject word refers to a discussion relevant to the paragraph but not to any particular claim or quote in it. Some authors cited for a paragraph may be dissenting arguments from the paragraphs point. Some of the footnotes encapsulate running conversations, which the interested reader can reconstruct from the sequence of page citations given./p>h3>About the website/h3>p alignjustify>Discussions and updates regarding the topics raised in this book may be found at its site on the World Wide Web, a hrefhttp://www.warandgender.com>www.warandgender.com/a>. Scholarly resources include a searchable list of the References. Join an interdisciplinary conversation, check for errata (sigh), or read the first chapter./p>/td>/tr>/table>/center>BR>/P>BR>table border1 cellspacing2 cellpadding10>tr>td>A HREFwgch1.htm>Read the first chapter online/A>/tr>/td>/table>BR>HR>A HREF#top>IMG alignleft srcwagcovs.jpg>BR>Back to Top of Page/A>BR>/BODY>/HTML>
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