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Domain > wondercupboard.com
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AlienVault OTX
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DNS Resolutions
Date
IP Address
2019-09-13
104.31.141.6
(
ClassC
)
2024-09-09
104.21.79.44
(
ClassC
)
Port 80
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved PermanentlyDate: Mon, 09 Sep 2024 12:24:41 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlContent-Length: 167Connection: keep-aliveCache-Control: max-age3600Expires: Mon, 09 Sep 2024 13:24:41 GMTLocation: https://wondercupboard.com/Report-To: {endpoints:{url:https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?sZR%2BuFDs4Orq19oVK42FT0ukgmqj%2Bo%2BsHEXOHaZqRSzIGNMPM77LpafuJ5aV802Y3%2FOBwa7TXsBwjyUK09JsVxnme9tTxYHmEatlqK9EVlFXlR%2F%2BcY3YOw%2BXYUWOhgTVCiDNypcA%3D},group:cf-nel,max_age:604800}NEL: {success_fraction:0,report_to:cf-nel,max_age:604800}Server: cloudflareCF-RAY: 8c072818f9c79b68-SEAalt-svc: h3:443; ma86400 html>head>title>301 Moved Permanently/title>/head>body>center>h1>301 Moved Permanently/h1>/center>hr>center>cloudflare/center>/body>/html>
Port 443
HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Mon, 09 Sep 2024 12:24:41 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlTransfer-Encoding: chunkedConnection: keep-alivelast-modified: Thu, 21 Jan 2021 16:43:58 GMTvia: 1.1 varnish (Varnish/6.3), 1.1 varnish (Varnish/6.3)x-cache-hits: 0x-cache: MISSAge: 0vary: Accept-EncodingCF-Cache-Status: DYNAMICReport-To: {endpoints:{url:https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?spBDNnlpo5kBbEa5a3mkyWUhGmGE69oSECdl3lJjIeljnGR8L93ZZ%2B00V5vRtUFNLc0NBzDbPJtJWhWvL5iaAsm5Gek5lifHD6aYq2gNf8NbPfnMprO4arjYRzQD0u0X48PJ5mmM%3D},group:cf-nel,max_age:604800}NEL: {success_fraction:0,report_to:cf-nel,max_age:604800}Server: cloudflareCF-RAY: 8c0728196f1c3099-SEAalt-svc: h3:443; ma86400 !DOCTYPE html>html langen> head> !-- Meta --> meta charsetutf-8> meta http-equivX-UA-Compatible contentIEedge,chrome1> meta namerobots contentindex, follow> meta nameauthor contentElena Falco and Ian Bridgeman> meta nameviewport contentwidthdevice-width, initial-scale1> meta namekeywords contentpodcast,science podcast,science,philosophy,history,philosophy of science,history of science,science history,epistemology,ontology,funny,comedy,Ian Bridgeman,Elena Falco> meta namedescription contentWonder Cupboard is a podcast about the history and philosophy of science, presented by Elena Falco and Ian Bridgeman./> title>Wonder Cupboard. A podcast about the history and philosophy of science./title> link relalternate typeapplication/rss+xml titlePodcast RSS hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml?ckcachebust618678293 /> !-- TODO Favicon --> !-- Opengraph --> meta propertyog:url contenthttps://wondercupboard.com> meta propertyog:type contentwebsite> meta propertyog:title contentWonder Cupboard> meta propertyog:description contentWhat is science? Where does it come from? Is it a cupboard? A podcast about the human side of science.> meta propertyog:locale contenten_GB> meta propertyfb:pages content920931341420493> meta propertyog:image contenthttps://wondercupboard.com/static/opengraph.jpg> meta propertyog:image:type contentimage/jpg> meta propertyog:image:width content1200> meta propertyog:image:height content630> !-- Twitter Cards --> meta nametwitter:card contentsummary_large_image> meta nametwitter:site content@wondercupboard> meta nametwitter:title contentWonder Cupboard> meta nametwitter:description contentWhat is science? Where does it come from? Is it a cupboard? A podcast about the human side of science.> meta nametwitter:image contenthttps://wondercupboard.com/static/opengraph.jpg> meta nametwitter:image:alt contentThe Wonder Cupboard text logo and cupboard illustration.> !-- Scripts --> !-- Fathom - beautiful, simple website analytics --> script srchttps://cdn.usefathom.com/script.js?ckcachebust618678293 siteCTZCQVFW honor-dnttrue defer>/script> !-- / Fathom --> !-- //@import partials/_script.kit --> !-- Header Styles --> style> /*! normalize.css v5.0.0 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */html{font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.15;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}article,aside,footer,header,nav,section{display:block}h1{font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0}figcaption,figure,main{display:block}figure{margin:1em 40px}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible}pre{font-family:monospace, 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li{margin-bottom:0.5em}header{background:transparent url(/static/illustration.jpg) no-repeat right calc(50% - 370px) top 5px;background-size:538px 621px}@media (max-width: 1200px){header{background-position:right -8% top 5px;background-size:contain}}@media (max-width: 600px){header{background-position:right -120% top 20px;background-size:70%}}header p{grid-column:1 / span 12;font-family:League Spartan,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.375rem}header h1{display:block;background:transparent url(/static/wonder-cupboard.svg) no-repeat top left;overflow:hidden;text-indent:101%;white-space:nowrap;grid-column:1 / span 12;height:0;padding-bottom:24.0677966%}@media (max-width: 600px){header h1{padding-bottom:33%}}#latest-episode h2{display:none}#latest-episode>p{grid-column:1 / span 12;font-family:League Spartan,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.375rem;margin-bottom:0.2rem}#latest-episode #see-previous-episodes{grid-column:1 / span 12;text-align:right;font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem}#about>div{grid-column-end:span 6}#about>div img{width:100%}@media (max-width: 600px){#about>div{grid-column-end:span 12}}#previous-episodes h2{grid-column:1 / span 12}footer{font-size:.833333333rem}footer p{grid-column:1 / span 12} /style> /head> body> !-- Header --> header> p>A podcast named/p> h1>Wonder Cupboard/h1> p>What is science? br>Where does it come from? br>Is it a cupboard?/p> /header> !-- Latest Episode --> section idlatest-episode> h2>Latest Episode/h2> p>The latest episode is/p> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#018/p> h3>Sunbathing/h3> p classepisode-description>Whats that burning smell? The BBQ or your shoulders? Elena and Ian delve into the history, and often dubious science, of sunbathing and find scouts, hats, and granola along the way./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/018_sunbathing/wonder-cupboard_018_sunbathing_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 018, Sunbathing> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRVRw2O0>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/wonder-cupboard/id1361048849?i1000486730304>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>em>Rise and Shine: Sunlight, Technology and Health/em>, by Simon Carter (2007). Its a book, and a great one! Read it, its great./li> li>Phototherapy: From Ancient Egypt to the New Millennium, by Antony McDonagh/li> li>Light Therapy in Mood Disorders: A Brief History with Physiological Insights, by Jérémy Choukroun, Pierre Alexis Geoffroy/li> li>The Advance of Heliotherapy, by Dr Saleeby (Nature)/li> li>The Jeremiah Metzger Lecture: Jeremiah Metzger and the Era of Heliotherapy, by Joseph S. Alpert/li> li>Simulated Sunlight Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces, by Shanna Ratnesar-Shumate et al., a hrefhttps://academic.oup.com/jid/article/222/2/214/5841129>em>Journal of Infectious Diseases/em> (15 July 2020)/a>/li> li>Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: A perspective, by Chukika Samuel Enwemeka et al., a hrefhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32388486/>em>Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology/em>/a>/li> li>The healing sun, by Linda Geddes for the a hrefhttps://wellcomecollection.org/articles/XJzcORAAAL9fV6K8>Wellcome Collection/a>)/li> li>‘Perineum sunning’ is latest insanity wellness influencers swear by, Hannah Frishberg, a hrefhttps://nypost.com/2019/11/26/perineum-sunning-is-latest-insanity-wellness-influencers-swear-by/>New York Post/a>/li> li>Sorry, Anus Tanning Is Not Really a Thing, by Ej Dickson, a hrefhttps://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/anus-tanning-wait-what-really-919442/>Rolling Stone/a>/li> /ul> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on Apple Podcasts too./p> /aside> /article> p idsee-previous-episodes>a href#previous-episodes>See previous episodes/a>/p> /section> !-- About --> section idabout> div> h2>What’s all this about?/h2> p>Wonder Cupboard is a podcast that asks what science is, how it works, and how it came to be./p> p>Elena Falco and Ian Bridgeman present a new topic on the history and philosophy of science every episode./p> h2>Tell us things/h2> p>You can send us feedback, questions and lovely stories about science by emailing us: a hrefmailto:hello@wondercupboard.com>hello@wondercupboard.com/a>/p> p>We’re also on a hrefhttps://www.twitter.com/wondercupboard>Twitter/a> and a hrefhttps://www.instagram.com/wondercupboardpodcast>Instagram/a>. /div> div> h2>Your Hosts/h2> img src/static/elena-falco-and-ian-bridgeman.jpg altElena Falco and Ian Bridgeman> p>strong>Elena Falco/strong> has a degree and an MA in philosophy, with a focus on philosophy of science, obtained after a long flirtation with neuropsychology. She is a PhD student and teaching assistant in Science and Technology Studies at University College London. Elena has also worked in science publishing./p> p>strong>Ian Bridgeman/strong> likes computers, jokes and Daimsup>®/sup> bars. He spends most of his time writing copy and designing websites./p> /div> /section> !-- Previous Episodes --> section idprevious-episodes> h2>Previous episodes/h2> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#017/p> h3>Air Conditioning/h3> p classepisode-description>Is it me or is it hot in here? Elena and Ian try to keep their cool as they find out how A/C came to be, and the surprising ways its changed our world./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/017_air-conditioning/wonder-cupboard_017_air-conditioning_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 017, Air Conditioning> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRXlkdZU>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/wonder-cupboard/id1361048849#episodeGuidwonder-cupboard_017_air-conditioning>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>History of Air Conditioning, in a hrefhttps://www.popularmechanics.com/home/a7951/history-of-air-conditioning/>Popular Mechanics/a>/li> li>A history of air conditioning, on a hrefhttps://slate.com/culture/2013/07/a-history-of-air-conditioning.html>Slate/a>/li> li>Refrigeration: A history, by Carrol Gantz/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.energydigital.com/sustainability/ancient-passive-cooling-designs-provide-insight>History of passive cooling/a> from Energy Digital/li> li>Air-conditioning and the ‘homogenization’ of people and built environments, Stephen Healy, em>Building Research & Information/em> /li> li>a hrefhttps://www.energydigital.com/sustainability/ancient-passive-cooling-designs-provide-insight>Ancient Passive Cooling Designs Provide Insight/a> from Energy Digital/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/punkah-project-fans-antebellum-south>How ceiling fans allowed slaves to eavesdrop on plantation owners/a>, by Eve Kahn for Atlas Obscura/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/india-best-step-wells-to-visit>India’s most beautiful stepwells and how to visit them/a>, by Joe Bindloss for Lonely Planet/li> /ul> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on Apple Podcasts too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#016/p> h3>Ice/h3> p classepisode-description>Ice, Ice, Baby. Not just lyrics from one of history’s great musicians, but also the topic of this episode. Elena and Ian take a cold, hard look at how chilling changed the world. Cool story, bro./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/016_ice/wonder-cupboard_016_ice_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 016, Ice> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRURjlXs>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/016-ice/id1361048849?i1000476795971>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>em>How the refrigerator got its hum/em>, by Ruth Schwartz Cowan, is a classic text in STS and you have to read it. It’s about so much more than refrigeration – it is about how technologies are entangled with society. It is an exemplar analysis of a specific object./li> li>A few essays from an excellent edited volume called em>History of Artificial Cold, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Issues/em>, edited by Kostas Gavroglu and published by Springer./li> li>A whole website dedicated to the a hrefhttp://www.historyofrefrigeration.com/>History of refrigeration/a>!/li> li>The Ice King story: a hrefhttp://www.historyisnowmagazine.com/blog/2017/2/12/the-story-of-ice-before-home-freezers-the-ice-harvest#.Xpx_Q1NKg1I>The story of ice before home freezers – The ice harvest/a>/li> li>em>Encyclopedia Britannica/em>, a hrefhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/refrigeration>Refrigeration/a>/li> li>A History of Refrigeration from a hrefhttps://insulation.org/io/articles/a-history-of-refrigeration/>Insulation Outlook/a>/li> li>How ice shipped all the way from America became a luxury item in colonial India, from a hrefhttps://scroll.in/article/720912/how-ice-shipped-all-the-way-from-america-became-a-luxury-item-in-colonial-india>Scroll.in/a>/li> li>Excellent chapter on exhibitions: a hrefhttps://link-springer-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-7199-4_10>Meeting artificial cold/a>/li> li>Frozen Foods Research: Time-Temperature Tolerance Studies, on the a hrefhttps://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/frozenfoods.html>em>American Chemical Society/em> website/a>/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.fieggen.com/shoelace/>Ian’s Shoelace Site/a>/li> /ul> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#015/p> h3>Are Viruses Alive?/h3> p classepisode-description>Not strong>that/strong> virus. Well, yes, that one too, but not specifically. All of them, actually. Elena and Ian take a look at life and times of these vivacious virions by asking what it means to be alive at all…/p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/015_are-viruses-alive/wonder-cupboard_015_are-viruses-alive_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 015, Are Viruses Alive?> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRWP2Y2U>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/015-are-viruses-alive/id1361048849?i1000472776302>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>The nature of life, Mark A. Bedau, in em>The Cambridge Companion to Life and Death/em>/li> li>David Grinspoon, It’s Time to Take the Gaia Hypothesis Seriously, on em>a hrefhttp://nautil.us/blog/its-time-to-take-the-gaia-hypothesis-seriously>Nautilus/a>/em>/li> li>Entry on Lynn Margulis, em>a hrefhttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Lynn-Margulis>Encyclopaedia Britannica/a>/em>/li> li>Strange but True: The Largest Organism on Earth Is a Fungus, em>a hrefhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-largest-organism-is-fungus/>Scientific American/a>/em>/li> li>Humans Made the Banana Perfect—But Soon, It'll Be Gone, by Rob Dunn, em>a hrefhttps://www.wired.com/2017/03/humans-made-banana-perfect-soon-itll-gone/>Wired/a>/em>/li> li>Life’s working definition, em>a hrefhttps://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/life's_working_definition.html>NASA/a>/em>/li> li>Defining life, by Steven A. Benner, in em>a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005285/#s003title>Astrobiology/a>/em> “I consulted the local philosopher of science”/li> li>Are viruses alive?, by Nigel Brown, in em>a hrefhttps://microbiologysociety.org/publication/past-issues/what-is-life/article/are-viruses-alive-what-is-life.html>Microbiology Today/a>/em>/li> li>To be or not to be alive: How recent discoveries challenge the traditional definitions of viruses and life, by Patrick Forterre, in em>Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences/em> (2016) /li> li>Viruses as a survival strategy in the armory of life, by Sávio Torres de Farias, Sohan Jheeta, Francisco Prosdocimi, in em>History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences/em> (2019)/li> li>em>On the modern cult of factish gods/em>, Bruno Latour/li> /ul> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#014/p> h3>Beauty Part 2/h3> p classepisode-description>Imagine a perfect rhino. Done it? Great. Keep it in mind while Elena and Ian are joined by the a hrefhttps://leveluphuman.com>Level Up Human/a> podcasts Simon Watt, to discuss what were really doing when we look for beauty in nature./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/014_beauty-part-2/wonder-cupboard_014_beauty-part-2_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 014, Beauty Part 2> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRU7FzUQ>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/014-beauty-part-2-with-simon-watt/id1361048849?i1000470509901>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> p>You can find Simon Watt on Twitter, a hrefhttps://twitter.com/SimonDWatt>@SimonDWatt/a>. The excellent podcast is a hrefhttps://leveluphuman.com>Level Up Human/a>, and you can find out how to help an ugly animal at the a hrefhttps://www.uglyanimalsoc.com>Ugly Animal Preservation Society/a>./p> ul> li>On nature documentaries and their practices: a hrefhttps://www.theverge.com/2016/8/15/12471540/the-hunt-bbc-nature-documentary-realism-predators-truth-and-art>The Verge/a> and a hrefhttps://www.independent.co.uk/voices/bbc-david-attenborough-nature-documentaries-fake-a8291961.html>The Independent/a>/li> li>Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, Objectivity (2007) is an absolute classic book, and a juicy one at that./li> li>Chiara Ambrosio, Objectivity and Representative Practices across Artistic and Scientific Visualization, in Visualization in the Age of Computerization (2014)./li> li>On Hubble: a hrefhttps://mashable.com/2013/03/04/how-hubble-space-telescope-works/?europetrue>Mashable/a> explains the basics. This is a hrefhttps://ideas.ted.com/gallery-the-art-and-science-of-space-photography>the interview/a>with its then-photo editor./li> li>For Kant’s aesthetics, you can read the ever-amazing a hrefhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-aesthetics/>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/a>. Article by Hannah Ginsborg./li> li>The thought experiment about Lovely Earth and Shit Earth (sadly, not in these terms) comes from G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica (1903). a hrefhttp://fair-use.org/g-e-moore/principia-ethica>Freely available here/a>/li> li>How fMRI works, from a hrefhttps://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-sciences/how-fmri-works>The Open University/a>/li> li>David P. McCabe and Alan D. Castel, a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803985>Seeing is believing: the effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning/a> (2008)/li> /ul> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#013/p> h3>Beauty Part 1/h3> p classepisode-description>Phwoar, that equation, huh? Look at the numbers on that! No scientist has ever said this, hopefully, so why are there so-called beautiful theories? Elena and Ian peruse this polynomial pageant, joined by theoretical physicist a hrefhttp://sabinehossenfelder.com>Sabine Hossenfelder/a>, author of Lost In Math and science blog a hrefhttps://backreaction.blogspot.com>Backreaction/a>./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/013_beauty-part-1/wonder-cupboard_013_beauty-part-1_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 013, Beauty Part 1> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRVgPnhI>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/013-beauty-part-1-with-sabine-hossenfelder/id1361048849?i1000464677983>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>Inspiration from this episode came from the book a hrefhttps://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36341728-lost-in-math?from_searchtrue&qidyD57052dFo&rank1>Lost in Math/a>, by Sabine Hossenfelder, who kindly joined our conversation. Thank you Sabine!/li> li>a hrefhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13194-013-0064-3>Beauty in science: a new model of the role of aesthetic evaluations in science/a>, by Ulianov Montano/li> li>a hrefhttps://inference-review.com/letter/an-ode-to-ugly-physics>An Ode to Ugly Physics/a>, by Xi Yin – excellent examples of cases in which cobbled-together science just worked./li> li>a hrefhttps://institutions-newscientist-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/article/mg16221924-800-proof-and-beauty/>Proof and Beauty/a>, by Ian Stewart/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.le.ac.uk/ec/teach/ec7088/documents/KrugmanNYT.pdf>How did economists get it so wrong/a>, by Paul Krugman/li> li>By Milena Ivanova: a hrefhttp://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/11953/1/Poincare%27s_Aesthetics_of_Science_MI.pdf>Poincaré’s Aesthetics of Science/a> and a hrefhttp://www.thebsps.org/2016/10/aesthetics-in-science/>Aesthetics in Science/a>/li> li>Werner Heisenberg, a hrefhttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/efef/1ad9a69f723dd44566442672be46d20e6d14.pdf>The meaning of beauty in the exact sciences/a>/li> li>a hrefhttp://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/events/strings02/dirac/speach.html>The relation between mathematics and physics/a>, by Paul Dirac/li> /ul> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#012/p> h3>Merry Christmas/h3> p classepisode-description>Tis the season… for science and reason! Well, thats what the Victorians thought at least. Elena and Ian take a look at how science and Christmas became fashionable pals in the 19th Century./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/012_merry-christmas/wonder-cupboard_012_merry-christmas_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 012, Merry Christmas> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRUQGoy8>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/012-merry-christmas/id1361048849?i1000460839881>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> p>Fun facts about Victorian science fairs, from a hrefhttps://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2012/dec/14/science-christmas-victorian-romance>The Guardian/a>, the a hrefhttps://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/victorian-christmas-chemistry/>Science Museum blog/a> and the a hrefhttp://www.bshs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Viewpoint-Christmas-Special-2012-small.pdf>British Society for the History of Science/a>/p> p>From these links you can read Faraday’s a hrefhttp://hermes.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Faraday_1860_History_Candle.pdf>The Chemical History of a Candle/a>, as well as Dickens’s a hrefhttp://www.victorianweb.org/authors/dickens/faraday3.html>The Chemistry of a Candle/a> and a hrefhttps://www.gutenberg.org/files/644/644-h/644-h.htm>The Haunted Man and the Ghost’s Bargain/a>/p> p>This is the a hrefhttps://www.rigb.org/>Royal Institution’s website/a>, for all your Faraday needs./p> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#011/p> h3>Vaccines and Power/h3> p classepisode-description>Vaccines are great, but not everyone agrees. Elena and Ian take a jab at finding out why and when we began our preoccupation with inoculation./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/011_vaccines-and-power/wonder-cupboard_011_vaccines-and-power_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 011, Vaccines and Power> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRW0lX20>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/011-vaccines-and-power/id1361048849?i1000458355809>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> p>We hope you like homework!/p> p>Let’s start with factual resources on vaccines themselves, as accurate as humanly possible right now:/p> ul> li>Guardian analyses of UNICEF data from a hrefhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/21/measles-cases-at-highest-for-20-years-in-europe-as-anti-vaccine-movement-grows>2018/a> and a hrefhttps://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/apr/25/nearly-170m-under-10s-unvaccinated-against-measles-worldwide>2019/a>. /li> li>a hrefhttps://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/why-vaccination-is-safe-and-important/>NHS guidelines/a>/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/initiative/detection/immunization_misconceptions/en/index4.html>WHO tells you like it is/a>/li> /ul> p>History:/p> ul> li>a hrefhttps://www.historyofvaccines.org/index.php/>The History of Vaccines/a>, excellent website by the University of Philadelphia/li> li>a hrefhttp://discovermagazine.com/2018/dec/fostering-fear>HIstory/a> of America’s anti-vaccine movement, with reference to Frederick Douglass/li> li>Vaccines tested on a hrefhttps://www.futurity.org/slaves-history-medical-experiments-1511112-2/>Jamaican slaves/a>/li> li>a hrefhttps://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/2153761176?rfr_id%3Dinfo%253Axri%252Fsid%253Aprimo>HPV vaccine tested in India/a>/li> li>a hrefhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0262728018767019>Colonial India/a>/li> /ul> p>Vaccine hesitancy:/p> ul> li>em>a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4994740/>Vaccination – between free will and coercion/a>/em> (peer-reviewed article)/li> li>a hrefhttps://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/pakistan-polio-vaccine-arrests>Arrests in Pakistan for not vaccinating children/a>/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.vaccinestoday.eu/stories/mmr-rates-fall-poland-despite-mandatory-vaccination-rules/>Vaccines in Poland/a> (and a hrefhttp://archiwum.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/350637>more/a>) /li> li>a hrefhttps://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/8/3/16069204/vaccine-fines-measles-outbreaks-europe-australia>Run-down by country/a>/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/vaccine-to-be-tested-in-rural-kzn-5287>The Hlabisa story/a>/li> li>More about a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30417754>South Africa/a>/li> li>The a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29132225>psychology/a> of vaccine hesitancy/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820980/>Israel/a> /li> li>Link between a hrefhttps://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-abstract/29/3/512/5364298?redirectedFrom%3DPDF>vaccine hesitancy and politics/a>/li> li>a hrefhttps://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/3/e025866>Politics and anti-vaxx in Australia/a>/li> /ul> p>Ethics:/p> ul> li>em>a hrefhttps://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/pdf/3075344.pdf?refreqid%3Dexcelsior%253Adf8235e357f400772a55df65bf6bca44>Globalisation, ethics, and AIDS vaccine/a>/em> (peer-reviewed article)/li> li>A a hrefhttp://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2017/10/vaccine-refusal-is-like-tax-evasion/>secularist argument/a>, from Oxford’s practical ethics centre/li> li>A a hrefhttps://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%252F978-3-030-02068-2>big chunky book/a> about just this/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29070705>How to hold an ethical pox party/a>/li> /ul> p>Pop culture:/p> ul> li>Pinterest’s measures against anti-vaxx content are described a hrefhttps://www.techtimes.com/articles/245168/20190830/pinterests-new-feature-adds-pins-from-who-cdc-to-curb-vaccine-misinformation.htm>here/a> and a hrefhttps://www.fastcompany.com/90396075/pinterest-is-escalating-its-fight-against-anti-vaxxers-as-measles-surge-in-the-u-s>here/a> /li> li>Twitter’s, a hrefhttps://www.techtimes.com/articles/243392/20190517/twitter-adds-new-features-aimed-at-curbing-anti-vaxer-activity.htm>here/a> and a hrefhttps://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/helping-you-find-reliable-public-health-information-on-twitter.html>here/a> /li> li>Instagrams are a hrefhttps://www.techtimes.com/articles/243074/20190509/instagram-will-find-posts-with-misleading-info-but-it-won-t-remove-them.htm>not found here/a>/li> li>Distance pox parties! a hrefhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-chickenpox-lollipops/swapping-chicken-pox-infected-lollipops-illegal-idUSTRE7AB0SW20111112>Fun for all ages/a>./li> li>Andrew Wakefield’s a hrefhttps://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/jul/18/how-disgraced-anti-vaxxer-andrew-wakefield-was-embraced-by-trumps-america>new glamorous life/a> with “The Body”/li> /ul> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#010/p> h3>Do we live in a simulation?/h3> p classepisode-description>Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? A veritable landslide of such questions await you in this episode, which Elena and Ian wish to clarify is surprisingly, and almost entirely, Matrix-free™./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/010_do-we-live-in-a-simulation/wonder-cupboard_010_do-we-live-in-a-simulation_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 010, Do we live in a simulation?> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRWm46js>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/010-do-we-live-in-a-simulation/id1361048849?i1000453321772>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> p>The central argument we discuss is outlined in em>Are We Living in a Computer Simulation?/em>, by Nick Bostrom. em>The Philosophical Quarterly/em> (2003)./p> p>Responses to Bostrom:/p> ul> li>em>The simulation argument again/em>, by Anthony Brueckner/li> li>em>Freak observers and the simulation argument/em>, by Lyle Crawford/li> /ul> p>The most recent book supporting a videogame theory is em>The Simulation Hypothesis/em>, by Rizwan Virk. Information for this episode comes from a hrefhttps://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/4/10/18275618/simulation-hypothesis-matrix-rizwan-virk>this interview/a>./p> p>The discussion between physicists (and one stray philosopher) can be found a hrefhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue575&vwgSZA3NPpBs>here on YouTube/a>, around minute 10. I would recommend the whole video though, it’s refreshing and educational./p> p>A few articles about Elon Musk’s interest in the simulation argument can be found a hrefhttps://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/elon-musk-ai-artificial-intelligence-computer-simulation-gaming-virtual-reality-a7060941.html>here/a>, a hrefhttps://www.space.com/41749-elon-musk-living-in-simulation-rogan-podcast.html>here/a>, and a hrefhttps://futurism.com/elon-musk-smart-ai-simulation>here/a>. Information about his funding activity comes from a hrefhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/janetwburns/2016/10/13/elon-musk-and-friends-are-spending-millions-to-break-out-of-the-matrix/>this/a>, and a hrefhttps://futurism.com/are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation-elon-musk-thinks-so>this/a>./p> p>Empirical research into the possibility that we live in a simulation:/p> ul> li>a hrefhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1847>Constraints on the Universe as a Numerical Simulation/a>, by Silas R. Beane, Zohreh Davoudi, Martin J. Savage/li> li>em>Quantized gravitational responses, the sign problem, and quantum complexity/em>, by Zohar Ringel, and Dmitry L. Kovrizhin. For a pre-digested version, read a hrefhttps://futurism.com/sorry-elon-physicists-say-we-definitely-arent-living-in-a-computer-simulation>this article/a>./li> /ul> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#009/p> h3>Lab Coats/h3> p classepisode-description>When did scientists start wearing white coats? Why do doctors wear them too? And are they strictly necessary in toothpaste commercials? Elena and Ian don their most fashionable lab jackets to look at the life and times of sciences iconic wardrobe./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/009_lab-coats/wonder-cupboard_009_lab-coats_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 009, Lab Coats> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRWUqrTk>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/009-lab-coats/id1361048849?i1000438801108>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> p>Elena couldn’t find a comprehensive history of lab coats, so she put it together from the following bits and pieces./p> ul> li>a hrefhttps://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/doctors-white-coat-historical-perspective/2007-04>“The Doctor’s White Coat: An Historical Perspective”/a>, by Mark S. Hochberg, from the em>AMA Journal of Ethics/em> (medicine-centred)/li> li>a hrefhttps://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/105072501753211019>“The White Coat: A Symbol of Science and Medicine as a Male Pursuit”/a> by Maura C. Flannery/li> li>“Les « Hommes en blanc » : la blouse blanche est-elle un symbole médical ou un réservoir microbien ?” by H. Dupont and B. Veber (yes it’s in French. Deal with.)./li> /ul> p>Some sources on the effect of white coats on patients:/p> ul> li>a hrefhttps://europepmc.org/abstract/med/21211081>“Clothing make the doctor--patients have more confidence in a smartly dressed GP”/a> by Kocks, JW; Lisman-van Leeuwen, Y; Berkelmans, PG/li> li>a hrefhttps://mh.bmj.com/content/41/2/86>“Photographic art in exam rooms may reduce white coat hypertension”/a> by Harper, Michael B; Kanayama-Trivedi, Stacy; Caldito, Gloria; Montgomery, David; Mayeaux, EJ/li> /ul> p>What should a doctor wear?/p> ul> li>a hrefhttps://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3211>“Put your ties back on: scruffy doctors damage our reputation and indicate a decline in hygiene”/a>, which is not at all a sexist way of framing the issue. Nope./li> li>a hrefhttps://jme.bmj.com/content/41/6/433>“Substance over style: is there something wrong with abandoning the white coat?”/a>, a rebuttal to the previous paper./li> /ul> p>The stats referenced in this episode all come from the articles listed above./p> p>a hrefhttps://thatsnothowyoupipette.tumblr.com>Thats Not How You Pipette/a> on Tumblr, a record of incorrect pipette usage in popular culture./p> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#008/p> h3>Valentine’s Special: Mamie & Kenneth/h3> p classepisode-description>Mamie & Kenneth Clark’s work in psychology was instrumental in the fight to ban racial segregation in US schools. For Valentine’s Day, Elena and Ian tell the story of one of their favourite scientific couples./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/008_valentines-special-mamie-and-kenneth/wonder-cupboard_008_valentines-special-mamie-and-kenneth_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 008, Valentine’s Special: Mamie & Kenneth> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRVqcvOU>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/008-valentines-special-mamie-kenneth/id1361048849?i1000429853886&mt2>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> p>The best biography of Mamie that I could find is on a hrefhttp://www.feministvoices.com/mamie-phipps-clark/>Psychology’s Feminist Voices/a>. It features a well-detailed account of the Dolls experiment./p> p>Interesting articles on the Clarks can be found on the a hrefhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/psychologist-work-racial-identity-helped-overturn-school-segregation-180966934/>Smithsonian Magazine website/a> and a hrefhttps://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/07/upshot/how-an-experiment-with-dolls-helped-lead-to-school-integration.html>The New York Times/a>./p> p>A lot of the information about Henry Garrett and the relationship between science and racism comes from the excellent “Science in the Service of the Far Right: Henry E. Garrett, the IAAEE, and the Liberty Lobby”, by Andrew S. Winston, published on the em>a hrefhttps://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01212.x>Journal of Social Issues/a>/em>./p> p>The a hrefhttps://www.britannica.com/event/Brown-v-Board-of-Education-of-Topeka#ref1076443>Encyclopaedia Britannica entry/a> on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka provides a good overview of the trials./p> p>Finally, travel advice! Go pay homage to a hrefhttps://www.nps.gov/brvb/learn/historyculture/clarkdoll.htm>one of their dolls in Topeka/a>, and don’t forget a little detour to see the a hrefhttps://www.kansassampler.org/8wonders/8wondersofkansas-view.php?id19>mega ball of twine in Cawker City/a>, aka one of the strong>em>8/em>/strong> wonders of Kansas. /p> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#007/p> h3>What Are Numbers?/h3> p classepisode-description>What are they though? And where do they come from? Did someone invent them? Elena and Ian attempt to answer countless such questions in an episode critics are already rating Pi out of Planck./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/007_what-are-numbers/wonder-cupboard_007_what-are-numbers_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 007, What Are Numbers?> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRWUq-Lw>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/007-what-are-numbers/id1361048849?i1000428724567&mt2>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> p>Your philosophy fix:/p> ul> li>From the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy: a hrefhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mathematics-constructive/>Constructive Mathematics/a>, by Douglas Bridges and Erik Palmgren; a hrefhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/platonism-mathematics/>Platonism in the philosophy of mathematics/a>, by Øystein Linnebo./li> li>a hrefhttps://medium.com/@stevepatterson/the-metaphysics-of-mathematics-26e98a863193>The Metaphysics of Mathematics/a>, by Steve Patterson, goes down as well as a Pimm’s in July./li> li>Mark Jago sums up a few philosophical positions on numbers in a hrefhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?vvA2cdHLKYB8 >this video/a>./li> /ul> p>For the geographically inclined:/p> ul> li>Africa Counts, a book by Claudia Zaslavsky tells the history of numbers in Africa./li> li>a hrefhttp://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Chinese_numerals.html>Chinese numerals/a>, and a hrefhttp://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Chinese_overview.html>Overview of Chinese mathematics/a>, kindly provided by the University of St. Andrews, in Scotland./li> li>Plus more on a hrefhttps://theconversation.com/countering-the-claims-about-australias-aboriginal-number-systems-65042>Australia/a>, a hrefhttp://it.stlawu.edu/~dmelvill/mesomath/sumerian.html>Sumerian numbers/a>, a hrefhttp://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/lebombo.html>Lebombo bone/a> and a hrefhttps://www.naturalsciences.be/sites/default/files/Discover%20Ishango.pdf>Ishango bone/a>./li> /ul> p>On biology:/p> ul> li>A a hrefhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2016.0507>special issue/a> of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B on numerical abilities, published last year./li> li>Various articles on numeracy in animals: such as a hrefhttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/science/animals-count-numbers.html>this one/a>, a hrefhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150826-the-animals-that-can-count>this other one/a> and also a hrefhttps://www.livescience.com/61084-can-animals-count.html>this one/a>./li> li>a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5775243/>Why Numbers Are Embodied Concepts/a>, by Martin H. Fischer, does what it says on the tin./li> /ul> p>And finally, heres the a hrefhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?vIC7l3V1nhWc>Sesame Street animation/a> that taught Ian everything he knows about maths./p> p>If you liked this episode, subscribing/following means youll get the next one automatically. Wed love it if you could leave us a review on iTunes too./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#006/p> h3>Mesmerism/h3> p classepisode-description>Elena and Ian find out how one man and his impressive finger sparked the genesis of hypnosis and psychotherapy./p>p>Some waterfowl were harmed in the making of this episode./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/006_mesmerism/wonder-cupboard_006_mesmerism_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 006, Mesmerism> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRV8geBA>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/006-mesmerism/id1361048849?i1000425679601&mt2&apppodcast>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>em>A history of hypnotism/em>, by Alan Gould, is a rather hefty book about the history of hypnotism in the West./li> li>For more of a beach read, you can pick up em>The Mesmerist/em>, by Veronica Moore. It tells the story of John Elliotson, the British doctor who became obsessed with mesmerism. There is so much more about the Okey sisters that I couldn’t recount in the episode, and it’s all in there. Detailed and riveting./li> li>em>Medical revolutionaries/em>, by Karol Weaver, tells the fascinating story of mesmeric healers in Haiti./li> li>For an overview of everything: Henri Ellenberger, em>The discovery of the unconscious/em>. *bows down to floor*/li> li>em>a hrefhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11640120>“Triage for health care in a metropolis: Paris under Napoleon”/a>/em>, by D. B. Weiner, does what it says on the tin./li> /ul> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#005/p> h3>What’s the Language of Science?/h3> p classepisode-description>Elena and Ian look at the languages science speaks… and the difficulties of writing them down. Guest starring: Galileo, Newton and the Fairy Pitta./p>p>This episode was recorded in celebration of peer review week: the planets premier 7-day festival of intra-field regulation./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/005_whats-the-language-of-science/wonder-cupboard_005_whats-the-language-of-science_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 005, What’s the Language of Science?> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRX2pY2k>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/005-whats-the-language-of-science/id1361048849?i1000419532957&mt2>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>Bad things can happen as a consequence of English being the universal language of science. For a digest, read a hrefhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/english-language-science-can-cause-problems-180961623/>“English Is the Language of Science. That Isn’t Always a Good Thing”/a>, on em>Smithsonian.com/em>./li> li>“Standardization vs Diversity: How Can We Push Peer Review Research Forward?”, by Karen Shashok, em>Medscape General Medicine/em>./li> li>a hrefhttps://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id10.1371/journal.pbio.2000933>“Languages Are Still a Major Barrier to Global Science”/a>, by Tatsuya Amano, Juan P. González-Varo, William J. Sutherland, em>Plos Biology/em>./li> li>“A Bit of Culture”, by Joy Burrough-Boenisch, em>a hrefhttp://journal.emwa.org/documents/journal/TWS/TWS%202004%202%2013.pdf>The write stuff/a>/em>/li> li>Michael D. Gordin, an American historian, has written a lot on the history of languages in the sciences. a hrefhttps://aeon.co/essays/how-did-science-come-to-speak-only-english >“Absolute English”/a>, an essay he published on em>Aeon/em>, is a good place to start. But you can look up his other works as well./li> li>a hrefhttps://blog.webshop.elsevier.com/translations/why-is-english-the-main-language-of-science/>“Why is English the main language of science?”/a>, from the em>Elsevier WebShop Blog/em>./li> /ul> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#004/p> h3>Flat Earth/h3> p classepisode-description>And Round Earth. And Hollow Earth. And Treasure Chest Earth. Elena and Ian attempt to work out who thought the earth was shaped like what, and when. Its not as simple as youd think./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/004_flat-earth/wonder-cupboard_004_flat-earth_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 004, Flat Earth> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRW8tO3I>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/004-flat-earth/id1361048849?i1000418829819&mt2>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>If you want to know more about how the history of flat Earth was misrepresented, read em>Inventing the flat Earth/em> by Jeffrey Burton Russell. It details the ways in which Columbus was misunderstood as the person who reintroduced round Earth to modernity./li> li>For more details on the Bedford Level experiment, you can look up an excellent article on em>Scientific American/em>, a hrefhttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/rosetta-stones/wallace-8217-s-woeful-wager-how-a-founder-of-modern-biology-got-suckered-by-flat-earthers/>“Wallace’s Woeful Wager: How a Founder of Modern Biology Got Suckered by Flat-Earthers”/a>. My other sources include a hrefhttps://io9.gizmodo.com/a-historic-experiment-shows-why-we-might-not-want-to-de-1627339811>“A Historic Experiment Shows Why We Might Not Want to Debate Fanatics”/a> and the a hrefhttps://wiki.tfes.org/Bedford_Level_Experiment>page on the experiment/a> on the Flat-Earth Society website./li> li>For contextualism, the thesis I refer to in this article was put forward by Nick Effingham, in an article for em>The Conversation/em> titled a hrefhttps://theconversation.com/how-to-reason-with-flat-earthers-it-may-not-help-though-95160>“How to reason with flat earthers (it may not help though)”/a>./li> /ul> h5>On the history of geodesy/h5> ul> li>India: a hrefhttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Aryabhata-I>“Aryabhata”/a>, by Takao Hayashi, Encyclopaedia Britannica entry./li> li>Ancient Greece: a hrefhttp://www.bibliotheca-classica.org/sites/default/files/Hyp%252011_2%252003%2520p.%2520192_204%2520Couprie.pdf>“Some remarks on the Earth in Plato’s Phaedo”/a>, by Dirk L. Couprie/li> li>China: a hrefhttps://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01374811/document>“A sphere onto itself”/a>, by Daniel Patrick Morgan, and a hrefhttp://www.eastm.org/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/311/245>A "Chinese Eratosthenes" Reconsidered: Chinese and Greek Calculations and Categories/a> by Lisa Raphals./li> li>Middle Ages in the West: a hrefhttp://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2018/05/the-earth-is-in-fact-round.html>“The Earth is, in fact, round”/a>, em>Medieval Manuscripts blog/em>, em>British Library/em>/li> li>Halley’s paper on Aurora Borealis as a product of hollow Earth: a hrefhttps://archive.org/details/philtrans04925634>“An account of the late surprizing appearance of the lights seen in the air, on the sixth of March last; with an attempt to explain the principal phænomena thereof; as it was laid before the Royal Society by Edmund Halley, J. V. D. Savilian Professor of Geom. Oxon, and Reg. Soc. Secr.”/a>/li> /ul> p>The music for the song at the end is by Tony Klarich at a hrefhttp://www.tonyklarich.com>tonyklarich.com/a>./p> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#003/p> h3>Sexy Plants/h3> p classepisode-description>Plants, eh? Phoar. Elena and Ian find out why botany became scandalously sexy for a whole century. Features two rude words and some extremely questionable poetry./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/003_sexy-plants/wonder-cupboard_003_sexy-plants_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 003, Sexy Plants> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRX-053w>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/003-sexy-plants/id1361048849?i1000415906840&mt2>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li>A great, comprehensive book on the subject is em>Flora Unveiled/em>, by Lincoln and Lee Taiz. They start from prehistory and tell the story of how the understanding of plant reproduction changed over time./li> li>On poets: Desmond King-Heele, “Erasmus Darwin: Scientific source for the Romantic poets”, em>Interdisciplinary Science Reviews/em>, volume 20, number 4 (1995).br> King-Heele is also strong>the/strong> guy on Erasmus Darwin, so if you’re interested, Google away! /li> li>em>Erasmus Darwin: Sex, Science, and Serendipity/em>, by Patricia Fara. She has written a lot more about the history of botany./li> li>The full text of em>The Loves of Plants/em>, by Erasmus Darwin, is available a hrefhttp://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10671?msgwelcome_stranger>here/a>, for your delight. By the way, dinosaur erotica does exist, and you can read it a hrefhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Taken-T-Rex-Dinosaur-Erotica-Christie-ebook/dp/B00FI9JFFO>for free/a>. Two generations of Darwin-inspired titillation – don’t say we don’t treat you!/li> li>em>The Journal of Literature and Science/em> has dedicated a hrefhttp://www.literatureandscience.org/issues/JLS_4_1/>a whole issue/a> to the topic of women and the history of botany./li> /ul> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#002/p> h3>Why Does Science Work?/h3> p classepisode-description>Elena and Ian take a look at why science works, before getting embroiled in a boxing/wrestling match between realists and instrumentalists. Typical./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/002_why-does-science-work/wonder-cupboard_002_why-does-science-work_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 002, Why Does Science Work?> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRVsOF_A>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/002-why-does-science-work/id1361048849?i1000407232805&mt2>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> h5>Realism/h5> ul> li>The a hrefhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Mathematics-Matter-Method-Philosophical-Papers-2D/dp/0521206650>original no-miracles argument/a> is formulated in em>Mathematics, Matter and Method/em>, by Hillary Putnam (1975)./li> li>The guy who said a hrefhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1989.tb00933.x>structure is all that matters/a> and might have implied that everything is mathematics: John Worrall, in em>Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds?/em> (1989)./li> li>A physicist who weighed in: Paul Davies. I read em>The mind of God/em> (1992). a hrefhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Mind-God-Science-Ultimate-Meaning/dp/0671710699/refsr_1_2?sbooks&ieUTF8&qid1527444738&sr1-2&keywordsthe+mind+of+god+by+paul+davies>Go on. It’s 1p/a>./li> li>a hrefhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-realism/#WhatScieReal>An overview/a>: em>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/em>, entry on Scientific Realism authored by Anjan Chakravartty./li> li>Stathis Psillos has written extensively about these matters. You can also find his short video course on realism a hrefhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?vGi3abFK1N_o>on YouTube/a>./li> /ul> h5>Instrumentalism and anti-realism/h5> ul> li>The birth of the pessimistic meta-induction is in em>A Confutation of Convergent Realism/em>, by Larry Laudan. Not for the faint-hearted, but very interesting. If you want to challenge yourself, a hrefhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/187066>it’s here, for free/a>./li> li>Progress of science a hrefhttps://philpapers.org/rec/VANTSI>similar to evolution/a>, based on a feedback mechanism: Van Fraassen, em>The Scientific Image/em>./li> li>Officially, Van Fraassen’s position is called constructive empiricism. An overview from the em>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/em> can be found a hrefhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/constructive-empiricism/>here/a>, authored by Bradley Monton and Chad Mohler./li> /ul> /aside> /article> article classepisode> p classepisode-number>#001/p> h3>Galileo/h3> p classepisode-description>Elena and Ian don their gowns, and rebelliously take them off again, in order to discuss the life and times of Galileo Galilei: scientist, lover, and all-round renaissance man (literally)./p> p classlisten-now> img srchttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/episodes/001_galileo/wonder-cupboard_001_galileo_300.jpg altArtwork for episode 001, Galileo> a hrefhttps://overcast.fm/+MYRW06Nx8>Listen Now/a> /p> p classlisten-itunes>a hrefhttps://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/001-galileo/id1361048849?i1000406828941&mt2>Listen/Subscribe with iTunes/a>/p> p classlisten-rss>a hrefhttps://podcasts.spoonrage.com/wonder-cupboard/rss.xml>RSS Feed/a>/p> aside classreferences> h4>The References/h4> ul> li> Dava Sobel, em>Galileo’s daughter. A Drama of Science, Faith and Love/em> (2009).br> Lovely recounting of the relationship between Galileo and his daughter Suor Maria Celeste, a hrefhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Galileos-Daughter-Drama-Science-Faith/dp/1857027124>told through their letters/a>. /li> li> Galileo Galilei, em>Against the donning of the gown/em> or em>Capitolo contro il portar la toga/em>.br> I couldn’t find the original publication year, but it is available in several modern editions. If you are lucky enough to speak Italian, you can a hrefhttps://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Capitolo_contro_il_portar_la_toga_(Favaro)>read it here/a>. /li> li> em>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/em>, chapter on Galileo Galilei authored by Peter Machamer.br> Excellent resource for all things philosophy. a hrefhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/galileo/>Free here/a>. /li> li> John Gribbin, em>Science: a history/em>.br> Quite a good a hrefhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/s/?ieUTF8&keywordsjohn+gribbin+science+a+history&indexaps&taggooghydr-21&refpd_sl_8tskaddt3w_e&adgrpid52969837414&hvpone&hvptwo&hvadid262503865344&hvpos1t1&hvnetwg&hvrand6388799971620257665&hvqmte&hvdevc&hvdvcmdl&hvlocint&hvlocphy9045909&hvtargidkwd-314628762942>reference book/a>. /li> /ul> /aside> /article> /section> !-- Footer (Copyright, contact, RSS, social) --> footer> p>Site content and podcast audio copyright © 2021, Elena Falco and Ian Bridgeman/p> /footer> /body>/html>
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