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HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Thu, 12 Sep 2024 21:10:30 GMTServer: ApacheLast-Modified: Tue, 25 Apr 2017 07:39:03 GMTAccept-Ranges: bytesContent-Length: 410061Content-Type: text/html html xmlns:vurn:schemas-microsoft-com:vmlxmlns:ourn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:officexmlns:wurn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:wordxmlnshttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40>head>meta http-equivContent-Type contenttext/html; charsetwindows-1252>meta nameProgId contentWord.Document>meta nameGenerator contentMicrosoft Word 9>meta nameOriginator contentMicrosoft Word 9>link relFile-List href./index_files/filelist.xml>link relEdit-Time-Data href./index_files/editdata.mso>!--if !mso>style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}/style>!endif-->title>Class War Casualties: A Comprehensive, Chronological Accounting Of 4162Killed And 7625 Wounded In America’s Class War (Class/title>!--if gte mso 9>xml> o:DocumentProperties> o:Author>Michael/o:Author> o:LastAuthor>M Laube/o:LastAuthor> o:Revision>3/o:Revision> o:TotalTime>30/o:TotalTime> o:LastPrinted>2014-02-18T23:12:00Z/o:LastPrinted> o:Created>2017-04-23T05:54:00Z/o:Created> o:LastSaved>2017-04-23T05:55:00Z/o:LastSaved> o:Pages>2/o:Pages> o:Words>29372/o:Words> o:Characters>167423/o:Characters> o:Company> /o:Company> o:Lines>1395/o:Lines> o:Paragraphs>334/o:Paragraphs> o:CharactersWithSpaces>205607/o:CharactersWithSpaces> o:Version>9.2720/o:Version> /o:DocumentProperties>/xml>!endif-->style>!-- /* Style Definitions */p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;}h3 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman;}h4 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:4; font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic;}p.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:center 3.0in right 6.0in; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;}p.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold;}a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;}a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;}@page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1 {page:Section1;}-->/style>!--if gte mso 9>xml> o:shapedefaults v:extedit spidmax1158/>/xml>!endif-->!--if gte mso 9>xml> o:shapelayout v:extedit> o:idmap v:extedit data1/> /o:shapelayout>/xml>!endif-->/head>body langEN-US linkblue vlinkpurple styletab-interval:.5in>div classSection1>p classMsoBodyText>Class War Casualties:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>A Comprehensive, Chronological Account Of 4162 Killed And 7625 WoundedIn America’s Class War -- www.ClassWarCasualties.Org, ClassWarCasualties@Yahoo.com/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>All parties are free to copy or distribute this informationin whole or in part./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>The new frontline in America’s ongoing class war is juryduty, which you can read all about right ahrefhttps://sites.google.com/site/endjuryduty>here/a>./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoBodyText>span stylefont-weight:normal>This is a work inprogress.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I hope eventually to supportall of the incidents cited in this document, most of which I found on variouswebsites, with reliable sources.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pleaseemail me at ClassWarCasualties@Yahoo.com with additions or corrections orreliable sources.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Especially, pleasehelp me to fill in the holes on the numbers of killed or wounded, because thewhole purpose of this document is to remember their sacrifice, regardless ofwhich side they were on, in this bloody, distinctly American war.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>div styleborder:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in>p classMsoNormal styleborder:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>/div>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>This is a part of American history of which I believe mostof my fellow Americans to be unaware.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>This document aims to help Americans become aware of the horrible,terrible things that fellow Americans have done to each other—spitting on,slapping, spanking, whipping, punching, kicking, clubbing, trampling, scalding,spraying with acid, branding, tar-and-feathering, cropping ears, stabbing,slitting, impaling, hacking, scalping, castrating, bobbitizing, cutting offears, dismembering, decapitating, shooting, bombing, cannonading, gassing,poisoning, dragging, suspending, hanging, gibbeting alive, burning alive,electrocuting, breaking on wheel, and even crucifying—and the hateful,sometimes cold-blooded and sometimes and hot-blooded manner in which these actswere committed, and the huge number of people who suffered from these acts, allin the name of economic class in our country./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>I feel the need to impart this knowledge to my fellowAmericans because of the dearth of this knowledge in both our schools and ourgeneral culture.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>My own path to thisknowledge came by way of John Sayles’ movie “Matewan,” about a strike in WestVirginia that ended in a gunfight in which ten people died.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I thought to myself, “Is this reallytrue?span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>How come I never heard about thisbefore?span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Isn’t fellow Americans shootingeach other something I should have learned about before now?”spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When I sought to establish the truth of thisincident, I found out that it was just the tip of the iceberg, and that in factthe Matewan Massacre, as it was called, led directly to a much bloodier affairin the Battle of Blair Mountain, and that even this was just one bloodyincident in a whole national history of bloody incidents, of which I knewpractically nothing./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>This document catalogs 474 incidents in American historythat fall into one of eight categories:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1) workers or worker sympathizers versus the employers of workers, 2)workers versus other workers competing for jobs, 3) slaves or slavesympathizers versus the owners of slaves, 4) indentured servants or theirsympathizers versus the owners of indentured servants, 5) tenants versuslandlords, 6) protests of unpaid soldiers, 7) protests against government imposingfinancial requirements for obtaining legal rights such as holding office oravoiding the draft, and 8) environmentalists interfering with corporateprofitability.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Only those incidents areincluded in which people were killed or wounded, or incidents for which we haveno record of people being killed or wounded, but the nature of the violence atthe incident implies that there must have been some such casualties.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Industrial accidents are not included, foralthough many more workers died in such accidents than in the types of classbattles cataloged here, those deaths were rarely the result of managementdeliberately wanting to kill off its own workforce./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>Incidents in this catalog are further restricted only tothose in which individuals or small groups acted alone.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Many of our large wars could also beconstrued as examples of class warfare.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>For example, the Revolutionary War could be monarchy versus the people,the Civil War could be slavers versus slave sympathizers, and our twentiethcentury wars in Indochina could be communism versus capitalism.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>But in large wars such as these, manyindividuals fight without understanding the underlying economic issuesinvolved, rather, they are merely soldiers following their immediateorders.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In the smaller class battlescataloged here, each individual on either side knew exactly what he or she wasfighting for./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>When I have found two or more different figures for thenumber of killed or wounded in any of these incidents, I have usually used thehigher (or highest) number in calculating totals, except in cases where thereis too large a gap between the high and low numbers, as in the case of the NewYork Draft Riots, which author Herbert Asbury pegged at 2000 dead, buthistorian James M. McPherson pegged at 120, and the Thibodaux Massacre, whichsome claim to have killed 300, but most claim around 35, and the ColoradoCoalfield War, in which the Rockerfeller Company said 199 died but the Coloradostate government said 69.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>The number ofkilled given in the Black Seminole Slave Rebellion may likewise be too high,but it is our one and only estimate, pertaining as it does to a quite recentdiscovery.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>The high death rate inindustrial accidents—during WWI, an American soldier stood a better chance ofsurvival than an American miner—is another reason, besides the lack ofdeliberate intent in those accidents, as mentioned above, why accidental deathsare not included in this discussion.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ido not want to use a number too high for any one incident, because that woulddraw too much attention to just one incident, and while I do want to emphasizethe magnitude of the violence at each of these incidents, I also want toemphasize the large number of violent incidents.span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Nevertheless, these total numbers are still weak, because sometimesthe number of killed, and much more often the number of wounded, is notrecorded at all—and sometimes those unknown numbers must have been very high,such as the number of killed in the 1807 mass suicide of "twoshiploads" of slaves at Charleston—and also because inevitably someclass-related violent acts must have been missed altogether by theircontemporary recorders of history.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thesignificance of the total numbers can be realized by comparing them with thetotals for the March 2003 to December 2011 Iraq War:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>4409 Americans killed, 31,928 Americans wounded./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>These disputes were not, for the most part,"capitalist" owners versus "socialist" or"communist" workers, although in later years those adjectives wereoften applied by the owners, rather, most of these disputes were workersfighting for the right to be included in the capitalist system—they wanted tobelieve the capitalist mantra that by dint of their hard work they could liftthemselves up out of poverty, but the companies they worked for set up barriersto prevent that from happening.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Infact, many companies, especially mining companies, were actually trying toimpose on the workers a socialist type of system by having them live in companyhousing and buy from a company store, and some even paid workers only incompany script that could be used only at the company store, rather than inuniversally accepted American currency, thus keeping the workers as prisonersin the company housing, making them slaves more than independent workers really,unable to seek employment elsewhere.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>During the Bunker Hill Mine Bombing and prison camp, workers actuallyhad to ask the local sheriff for permission to look for a different job, andduring the Bisbee Deportation, every citizen had to ask the local sheriff forpermission just to enter the town./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>People argue about the exact causes of these types ofviolence and their remission.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Let ussay here only that the two most violent categories of class-war violence in ourcountry, slaves against masters and workers against company owners, were bothended by recognition of the rights of the exploited class by the highest levelof American government, the presidency, and President Lincoln’s abolition ofslavery ushered in the period of great economic expansion in our country knownas “The Gilded Age” (although, the oppression of workers by the nouveau richeof this period was exactly what led to the next wave of class violence), andPresident Roosevelt’s recognition and enforcement of workers’ rights precededthe greatest economic expansion in all of American history.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>An egalitarian America is a prosperousAmerica.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>It took our country’s highestoffice to enforce among the American people the social conscience needed topromote this kind of egalitarianism.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ifour American forebears would have held to the social conscience depicted in ourcountry’s original national pledge—not the pledge to the flag, which was givenonly as recently as 1942, but the pledge in our 1776 Declaration OfIndependence, which reads, "we mutually pledge to each other our Lives,our Fortunes and our sacred Honor"—then perhaps such intervention by thepresidency would not have been necessary./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>Note:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Most of theseincidents I found on the web, usually in more than one place, and Wikipedia wasa frequent resource, especially "List of worker deaths in United Stateslabor disputes," which I acknowledge if it is the only source I have foran incident, and which was a great resource for finding out about little knownincidents, but was not complete, since many labor incidents listed on mywebsite were not found on this list or anywhere else on Wikipedia.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Plus I am combining slave rebellions andother categories along with pure labor struggles.span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>A few of these incidents I found in only one place on the web,which would diminish their reliability, but I would not use a resource thatseemed unreliable.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two other resourcesI frequently used are:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>A People’sHistory Of The United States by Howard Zinn (Harper Collins, 2005), or AmericanNegro Slave Revolts by Herbert Aptheker (Columbia University Press, 1970),which are acknowledged in the list of incidents where appropriate.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I also received direct help, specificallywith regard to incidents in the state of Rhode Island, from Scott Molloy,Professor Of Labor And Industrial Relations at University Of Rhode Island, andMarcia Weeden, a former student of that university, both of whose contributionslikewise are acknowledged where appropriate.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I further received a list from a member of the International Workers ofthe World (IWW) union General Executive Board, DJ Alperovitz, showing all themembers of the IWW for whom they had records as having been killed.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>DJ assures me that he (or she) hadpersonally verified the deaths of all the people on the list, and was, in fact,still going through a list of names of people to be verified before they areadded to the list.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In an interestingside note to the IWW list, DJ wrote me that, "Just as a note until lastyear no individual that was accountable for the murder of a member of my unionwas ever convicted.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Brigadier GeneralPedro Espinoza was sentenced to seven years in the killing of FW Frank Teruggion February 4, 2015."span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Finally, Imust acknowledge that a few of these incidents, or details of these incidents,I heard about on television shows, but did not realize the significance of whatI had heard until after the show was over and forgotten, so those sourcesremain unacknowledged./p>span stylefont-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA>br clearall stylepage-break-before:always>/span>p classMsoNormal>b>Killed And Wounded By Incident:/b>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>h3>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Killedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Yearspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Incident/h3>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1656spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Tony/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1656spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Vindication of Reverend Gray/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1663spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Glouster County Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>43spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1675spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bacon’s Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1686spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Northern Neck Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1687span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Iron Collar Punishment/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>11spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1708span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Newton Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1710span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Easter Day Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1711span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Sebastian/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1712span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>New York Slave Revolt of 1712/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1713span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Bread Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>14spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1720spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Carolina Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1729spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Virginia Slave Settlement Attacked/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1730spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Norfolk Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>9spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1730spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Samba Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1732spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New Orleans Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1734spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Somerville Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1734spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Burlington County Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1734span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reward Urged/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1734span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Prince Georges Rebellion Betrayed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1738spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Georgians Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1739span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>South Carolinians Killed or Wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>75spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1739span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Stono Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1740span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charles Town Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1741span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hackensack Arson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>35spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1741span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Conspiracy of 1741/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1741span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charles Town Arson 01/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1741span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charles Town Arson 02/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>8spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1742spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Seven Slaves/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1744spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Notchee Native Americans Enlisted/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1745span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Newark Jail/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1755spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Maryland Slaves Hanged ForPoisoning Masters/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1756span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Unpaid Soldiers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1759spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charleston Slave Revolt Crushed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1761spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charleston Slaves Poison Masters/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1766spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Tenant Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1766span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Arsonist Slave Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1766spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Dutchess Tenant Uprising of1766/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1766span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Tenant Riots continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1766span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of New York Tenant Riots leader/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1767spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Alexandria Slaves Poison Masters/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1768span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Regulators Breakup Court/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1770span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>North Carolina ConspiracyCrushed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1770spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Seamen Fight/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1770span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Ropemakers Fight/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1770span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>36spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>161span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1771span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Alamance/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1771span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Regulators/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1772spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slaves Arson Kills Child/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1774span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>St Andrews Parish Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>19span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1779span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fort Wilson Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1781spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pennsylvania Line Mutiny/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1781span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pompton Mutiny/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1781span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bill Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1782spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Louisiana Suppression of Maroonsand Negroes/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1783span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Craven CountySlave Owner Compensated/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1786spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Belle Island Swamp Fort Destroyed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1786span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Arrest of Job Shattuck/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1787span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shays Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1787span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shays Rebellion continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1787span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Shays Rebels/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1792spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Conspiracy of Celeb/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1792span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Northampton Slaves Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1792spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Richmond Overseer Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1793span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Suppression OfWarwick County Insurrection/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1794span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Albany Arson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1795span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pointe Coupée Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1795spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Swamp Marauders Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1797span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Prince William County Search Resistance/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1797spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charleston Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1799span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Southampton County Transportation Resistance/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>35spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1800span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Gabriel’s Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1800span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Assaulters of Charleston Overseers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1801span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Two Virginia Slaves in Petersburg/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>15spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>24span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Conspiracies in Eleven North Carolina Counties/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1802spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Two Virginia Slaves inBrunswick/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Two Virginia Slaves in Halifax/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Virginia Slave in Norfolk/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Virginia Slave in Hanover County/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Two More Virginia Slaves in Halifax County For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Virginia Slave in Henrico County For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1803span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Margaret Bradley Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1804spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Natchitoches Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1805span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Chatham Manor Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1805span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Virginia Slave in Stafford County For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>14 span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1805span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1805 North Carolina Poisoning/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1805span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Maryland Slave in Cambridge For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1807spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave Mass Suicide at Charleston/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1811span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>German Coast Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1811span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cabarrus County Runaway Community Invaded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1812spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lexington Arson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1812spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Kentucky Hair Plait Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1812span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Joseph Wood/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1813span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Three Slaves in Williamsburg For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1815spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boxley’s Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1815spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Camden Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1816spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Youngblood Conquest/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1816spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fort Gadsden Attack on U.S. Navy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>272spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1816spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Destruction of Fort Gadsden/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1817spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>St. Marys Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1817spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Abaellinos Raiders/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1819span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Coots Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1819span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Williamsburg Renegade Community/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1820span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two Slaves Executed in Augusta/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1820span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Jamaican Slaves Rebel in Florida/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1820span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Harry Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1820spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Georgetown Murder/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1821span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Friendly Fire in North Carolina/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>35spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1822span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Vesey’s Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1822span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Jacksonborough Hangings/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1823span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of William Walker/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1823span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Bob Ferebee/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1823span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack onPineville Fugitive Slaves/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1824span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Isam/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1826span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Stone Brothers Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1826span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution ofLeaders of Stone Brothers Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1826span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mutiny on the Decatur/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1826span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of William Bowser/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1827span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fugitive Slaves Killed in South Carolina/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1827span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Austin Woolfolk Assaults Benjamin Lundy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1827span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Nest of Runaways on Alabama River Discovered/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1829span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1829 Louisiana Slave Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1829span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deer Hunters Encounter/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1829span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1829 HanoverCounty Slave Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>8spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1829span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1829 Fist-Fighting Slaves/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1829spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mutiny aboard Lafayette/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1830span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1830 New Orleans Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1830spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1830 Plaquemines Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1830spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Moses Confessions/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>60spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1830span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Preempting NewbernChristmas Attack/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>311spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1831spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Southhampton Insurrection/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1834spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Anti-Abolitionist Riots of 1834/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>398spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1835-8spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Black Seminole Slave Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1835span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Baltimore Bank Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1835span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on William Lloyd Garrison/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1835span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Brazos Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1837span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Elijah Parish Lovejoy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1841spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Creole Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1842span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Dorr Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1842spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1842 Slave Revolt in the CherokeeNation/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1845span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Anti-Rent War/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1845span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Anti-RentWar continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1847span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mutiny Against Robert Paine/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>120span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1849span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Astor Place Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0 span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1850span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Seth Concklin/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1850spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Tailor Strike of 1850/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1851spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Portage Railroad Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1851spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Christiana Resistance/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1854span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Murder of James Batchelder/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1854span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Butman Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1855span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Arsonist Slave Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1855span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Franklin Coleman shoots Charles Dow/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1855spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wakarusa War/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sacking of Lawrence/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Preston Brooks Beats Charles Sumner/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pottawatomie Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave Self-Mutilation at Richmond/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>22spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Osawatomie/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Whipping of Davidson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1857spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Economic Riots of 1857/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1857span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Arsonist Slave Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1857spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1857 Tompkins Square Park BreadRiot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1857spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Economic Riots of 1857/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1858spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Brawl in U.S. House ofRepresentatives/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>19spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1859span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1859-60span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of John Brown’s Party/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1860span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of John Fairfield/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1862span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Culpepper County Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1862span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Buffalo Riot of 1862/p>p classMsoNormal>1862 Emancipation Proclamation Ends Violence By And AgainstSlaves & Sympathizers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>120spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2000span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1863span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Draft Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1863spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Draft Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1864spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of William Walker/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1864spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Burning of Yazoo City/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1864spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Capture of Bob Richardson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1864spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Henry Berry Lowry’s First Murder/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>13spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1865-72span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lowry War/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1865spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Henry Berry Lowry’s Second Murder/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1865spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Henry Berry Lowry’sFamily/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1870spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mamaroneck Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1870spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Workingmens Benevolent AssociationUnion Coal Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1874spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Italian Strikebreakers Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1874spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Tompkins Square Park Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1875spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Attack on Ancient Order of Hibernians/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1875spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Striking Coalminers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1875span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Striking Coalminers’ Meeting/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1875spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Hugh McGeehan/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1875spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Edward Coyle/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1875span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1875span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attacks by and on Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1876span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Three Days of Attacks by and on Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1876span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Five Assassinations by Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Nativist Labor Union Kills Chinese Farmhands/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877-9span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Molly Maguires continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 atMartinsburg/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 at Cumberland/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>49spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>29span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great RailroadStrike of 1877 at Pittsburgh/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reading Railroad Massacre (Great Railroad of 1877 at Reading)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 atChicago/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shamokin Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Turner Hall Raid/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877 Speeches At Tompkins SquarePark/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>113span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of the Viaduct/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 at StLouis/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1878span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Union Attack on Coal Creek Replacement Workers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1880sspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Tenant Riots continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>28spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>15span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1885span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Rock Springs Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1885span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lemont Quarry Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at Fort Worth/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at St Louis/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at East St Louis/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at Wyandotte/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4 spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1886spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Haymarket Shooting/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>259span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Haymarket Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>15spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1886spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bayview Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>NewYork Streetcar Conductors Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1887spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pattersonville Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>37spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1887span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thibodaux Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1887spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Haymarket Five/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1888spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Delhi Farmers Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1891spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cotton Pickers Strike of 1891/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>9spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1891span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Morewood Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1891spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lee County Cotton Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>31span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1892span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Homestead Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1892span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Frisco and Gem Mine Strikes/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1892span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Henry Clay Frick/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1892span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Buffalo Switchmens Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1894span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cripple Creek Miner’s Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1894spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hoganites in Coxey’s March/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>34spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>57span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1894span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pullman Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1894span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cripple Creek Miner’s Strike continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1894spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cripple Creek Miner’s Strike atCripple Creek and Telluride/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1895spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1895 New Orleans Dockworkers Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1896span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Leadville Miner’s Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>37span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1897span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lattimer Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>46span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1898span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Virden/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>28span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1899spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pana Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1899spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bunker Hill Mine Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1899-1900span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bunker Hill MinePrison Camp/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1899span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>First Conflict in Illinois Coal Wars/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1894spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Second Conflict in Illinois CoalWars/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>14spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1900span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>St Louis Streetcar Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1901span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Smuggler-Union Mine Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>250span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1901span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>San Francisco Waterfront Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1901spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of William McKinley/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1901span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Leon Czolgosz/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1902spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Paterson Silk Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>14spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>22span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1902span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1903span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Stanaford/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1903spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Idaho Springs Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1903span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Martial Law in Teller County/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1904spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Vengeance for Explosion atIndependence Depot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1904spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Victor Prospectors/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1904spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Dunnville Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1904span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Amalgamated Meat Cutters First Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>21spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>416span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1905span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1905 Chicago Teamsters Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1905spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Federmans Bakery Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1907span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Peter J.Cramer/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1907span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>San Francisco Streetcar Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1908spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spokane Free Speech Fight/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1908span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Battle at McFerrin Hotel/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>26spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1909span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pressed Steel Car Strike of 1909/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1909span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Uprising of 20,000/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1910span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Tampa Lynchings of 1910/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1910-11span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Westmoreland County Coal Strike of 1910–1911/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1910spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spokane Free Speech Fight continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1910spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spokane Free Speech Fight continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>21spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1910span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Los Angeles Times Bombing and Fire/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1910span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Llewellyn Iron Works Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>11spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Somerset Railroad Sniper Attacks/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spokane Free Speech Fight continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1911span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strikeof 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strikeof 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strikeof 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1911span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strikeof 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>33spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912-1913spanstylemso-tab-count:1> /span>West Virginia Mine War of 1912-1913(Not Covered Below)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>San Diego Free Speech Fight/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Anna LoPizzo/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of John Ramey/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lawrence “Bread and Roses” TextileStrike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Grabow Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Phillip “Joe” Ferro/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death ofCharles “Leather Britches” Smith/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Jonas Smolskas/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913-14span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colorado Coal Field War (Not Covered Below)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Gregory Popoff/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike at Mucklow/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Paterson Silk Strike of 1913/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Draper Company Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified IWW Death at Wilson Creek/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of NicolettaPantelopoulou/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>United Fruit Company Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Paterson Silk Strike of 1913continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wheatland Hop Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Seeberville Murders/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of JamesDonovan/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Parade at Calumet/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Indianapolis Streetcar Strike of1913/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Painesdale Murders/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>73spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Italian Hall Disaster/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Rafael Adames/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on CharlesMoyer/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Trampling of Women at Trinidad/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>19spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ludlow Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Louis Tikas/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Revenge for Assassination of LouisTikas/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colorado Coalfield War (Not AlreadyCovered)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1914span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Butte Miner’s Hall Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>24span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1914span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lexington Avenue Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hartford Coal Mine Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1914span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Fight to Obtain Food in Montana/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Liebig Fertilizer Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1915span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Roosevelt Strike Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of BJ Bradley/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1915span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bayonne Refinery Strike of 1915/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mellon Aluminum Mill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of “Doc” Roy JosephHorton/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Execution of Joe Hill/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Youngstown Strike of 1916/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Poisoning of George Mundelein’sGuests/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aborted Carnegie Steel Parade/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mesabi Iron Range Strike of 1916/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Frank Wells/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Preparedness Day Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Henry Burk/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>34span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1916span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bayonne Refinery Strike of 1916/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Vigilante Gauntlet at Everett/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>47span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1916span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Everett Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of “IWW John”/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Death of Martinus Petkus/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Louis Jalleani/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>152spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>East St. Louis Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Death of Mr. Shoemaker/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Nick Luona/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bisbee Deportation/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Frank Little/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>8spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Green Corn Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified IWW Death at Glencoe/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>IWW Death of Mr snd Mrs Thomas Simons/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Verner Nelson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of AugustGiuliana/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of NickLuona/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Centralia Red Cross Parade/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Kaisa Kreeta Jackson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>American WoolCompany Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Telephone Strike of 1919/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Thomas Hardwick/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>May Day Riots of 1919/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of A. Mitchell Palmer/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wounding of Jacob Isler/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Charles Nott/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Fannie Sellins/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>9spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1919spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Boston Police Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Steel Strike of 1919/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>242spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1919spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Elaine Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Centralia Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Bogalusa Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Hugh B. Haran/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Anaconda Road Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Suicide or Murderof Andrea Salsedo/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Matewan Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Philadelphia Longshoreman’s Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>33span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Denver Streetcar Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Denver Streetcar Strike continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>22span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Denver Streetcar Strike continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>38span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>400span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wallstreet Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920 Alabama Coal Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Joe Bagley/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deaths of AdrianNorthcutt and Willie Baird/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>11spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1921span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Jasper County Murders/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1921span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Sid Hatfield/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1921spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack at Sharples/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1921spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack by James E. Wilburn/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>130spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1921spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Blair Mountain/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Amalgamated MeatCutters Second Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Amalgamated Meat Cutters Second Strike continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Paul Bernarcek (Bednartik)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>36spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1922spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Herrin Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Buffalo Streetcar Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1923span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Harrison Railroad Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified IWW Death at Feather River /p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of William J. McKay/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1923span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Liberty Hill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1924spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hanapepe Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1926spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1926 Passaic Textile Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1927span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Sacco and Vanzetti/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>11span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1927span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Columbine Mine Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1927spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Columbine Mine Strike at Walsenburg/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1929span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Loray Mill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1929span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Ella Mae Wiggins/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1929span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Marion Textile Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1923span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>H.C. Aberle Mill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1923span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mammoth Mills Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1931spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Evarts/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1931span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Clara Holden/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1931span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Iowa Cow War/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>24span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1932span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ford Hunger March Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1932span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Eviction of Bonus Army/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1932spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of WebsterThayer/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933 Wisconsin Milk Strike atAppleton/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933 Wisconsin Milk Strike in Racine County/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933 Wisconsin Milk Strike between Saukville and Grafton/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spang-Chalfant Seamless Tube Mill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pixley Cotton Strike at Woodville/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pixley Cotton Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pixley Cotton Strike at Arvin/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shooting of Progressive Miner/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933 Wisconsin Milk Strike at Burke/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>KKK Abducts Citrus Worker Unionist/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike at Wilmington/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Toledo/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934 West Coast Waterfront Strikeat Seattle/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bloody Thursday (1934 West CoastWaterfront Strike at San Francisco)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>47span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Kohler Strike of 1934/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Minneapolis Teamsters Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 atTrion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Longshoremen Shoot Replacement Workers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 at Augusta/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 at Honea Path/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 at Saylesville/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>15span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 at Woonsocket/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1935spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Monarch Mills Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1935span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Pacific Northwest Lumber Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1935span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Dallas Public Spanking/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1935span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Arthur G. Ross/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1935span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Death of Joseph A. Shoemaker/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3 IWW Deaths from Pierce, Idaho Ambush/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Good Friday Bombings/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1936 International Seamans Union Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Blackie Hyman/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galveston Bay Dock Wars, 1936-7/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1 spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galveston Bay Dock Wars, 1936-7, continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1937span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Stockton Cannery Strike of 1937/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1937spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of the Overpass/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>140span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1937span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Memorial Day Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>283span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1937span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Womens Day Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1937spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Moltrup Steel Products Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1937spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Alcoa Aluminum Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1937spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Massillon Union Hall/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1938span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Lloyd Rourke/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>50span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1938span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hilo Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1938spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Raymond Cooke/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1959spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>United Mine Workers Strike of 1959/p>p classMsoNormal>1932-45 New Deal Legislation Ends Violence By And AgainstWorkers & Sympathizers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1948span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Walter Reuther/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1949span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Victor Reuther/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1968spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Memphis Sanitation Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1970span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Walter Reuther/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1973span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Filming of “Harlan County, USA”/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1974span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Wilma Schesler/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1974span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Karen Silkwood/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>35span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1979span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Imperial Valley Lettuce Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1979span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Greensboro Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1986spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1985 Hormel Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>44span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1988span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Tompkins Square Park Police Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0 spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1990span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Judi Bari/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1998span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of David Chain/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>2014span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Rescue of Christopher Smith/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2015span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack On FuerzaLaboral/p>p classMsoNormal>b>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4162spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7625span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Totalso:p>/o:p>/b>/p>span stylefont-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA>br clearall stylepage-break-before:always>/span>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shapetype id_x0000_t75 coordsize21600,21600 o:spt75 o:preferrelativet pathm@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe filledf strokedf> v:stroke joinstylemiter/> v:formulas> v:f eqnif lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0/> v:f eqnsum @0 1 0/> v:f eqnsum 0 0 @1/> v:f eqnprod @2 1 2/> v:f eqnprod @3 21600 pixelWidth/> v:f eqnprod @3 21600 pixelHeight/> v:f eqnsum @0 0 1/> v:f eqnprod @6 1 2/> v:f eqnprod @7 21600 pixelWidth/> v:f eqnsum @8 21600 0/> v:f eqnprod @7 21600 pixelHeight/> v:f eqnsum @10 21600 0/> /v:formulas> v:path o:extrusionokf gradientshapeokt o:connecttyperect/> o:lock v:extedit aspectratiot/>/v:shapetype>v:shape id_x0000_s1098 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute; margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:253.7pt;height:4in;z-index:36; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image001.jpg o:title01 - Indentured Servants/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width338 height384src./index_files/image002.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1098>!endif>i>1656,Maryland/i>—b>Death of Tony/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave runs away and is recaptured twice, goes on sit-down strike,refusing to be slave, is whipped and burnt with hot lard until he dies, and hismaster, though charged with his murder, is vindicated by provincial court—1killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 133-4/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1656, Virginia/i>—b>Vindication of Reverend Gray/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reverend whips and brands his slave who hadrun away, killing him, and is vindicated because "such accidents willhappen every now and then"—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 134/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 1, 1663, Cooks Quarter, Virginia/i>—b>GlousterCounty Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fellow servantleaks plans of nine European indentured servants (who throughout colonies are,just like African slaves who will later supplant them, malnourished, regularlywhipped, in words of one female servant, “tied up and whippd to that Degreethat youd not serve an Animal,” forbidden to marry, and bought and sold,leading one French buccaneer to comment that slaves on Hispaniola are bettertreated than indentured servants in America), to free themselves by force ofarms, and that servant is rewarded with his freedom and 5,000 pounds oftobacco, to encourage others likewise to betray their friends—4 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring to Summer, 1676, Virginia/i>—b>Bacon’s Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>European indentured servants, Africanslaves, freed servants having received poor land, and frontiersman disgruntledat lack of protection from Native Americans unite against ruling class inVirginia, killing colonists and Native Americans, displacing rulers, andburning capitol of Jamestown to ground—43+ killed (at least 8 colonists, 12English soldiers, 23 hanged rebels, but not including non-class-relatedkillings of many, many Native Americans), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1687, Northern Neck Region , Virginia/i>—b>NorthernNeck Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slaves conspire tokill large number of European-Americans, but are discovered and executed, and becauseconspiracy was formed at mass funeral, all future mass funerals are prohibited—X killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 166/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1688, Maryland/i>—b>Iron Collar Punishment/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave convicted of conspiracy is whipped andforced to wear strong iron collar for rest of his life—0 killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 166-7/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Early 1708, Newton, Long Island , New York/i>—b>NewtonRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African and NativeAmerican slaves kill European-Americans, and subsequently are themselves caughtand executed, men by hanging, and one woman by burning—11 killed 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 169/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1710, Surry and James City Counties, Virginia/i>—b>EasterDay Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two African slavesare executed for having plotted an insurrection to have taken place the priorEaster Day—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 170-1/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1103 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:152.75pt;height:207.7pt; z-index:37;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image003.jpg o:title01a - Slave Collar ca 1800 - 300/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width204 height277src./index_files/image004.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1103>!endif>i>Spring,1711, South Carolina/i>—b>Death of/b> b>Sebastian/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Indian hunter tracks down leader ofinsurgent slaves who were plundering homes—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 171/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 6, 1712, New York City, New York/i>—b>New YorkSlave Revolt of 1712/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaveCofi leads African slaves and Native Americans to burn buildings and killEuropean-Americans before they are caught, and then they are executed byhanging, burning, breaking on wheel, and suspending from chains, and laws arechanged to prohibit freed African-Americans from owning land or gathering ingroups of more than three, and to execute them for property damage, and slaveowners are charged an exorbitant tax to free their slaves—30 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 19, 1713, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston BreadRiot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200 poor people looking forfood break into ships and warehouses of wealthy grain exporter and shootlieutenant governor when he tries to intervene—0 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 24, 1720, South Carolina/i>—b>Carolina Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves are burned or hanged orbanished for their plot to “destroy all the white people,” though some escapeto seek help from Creek Native Americans in St Augustine, Florida—14 killed, Xwoundedb>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Aptheker, p174-5/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1729, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia/i>—b>VirginiaSlave Settlement Attacked/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>ArmedEuropean-Americans attack settlement of runaway African slaves, killing anindeterminate number before returning rest to slavery—X killed, X woundedb>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Aptheker, p 179/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1730, Norfolk and Princess Anne Counties, Virginia/i>—b>NorfolkRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200 African slaves,falsely believing Governor Alexander Spotswood has been sent by English king tofree all slaves who are Christians, gather to choose leader for rebellion—4killed, X woundedb>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Aptheker, p79-80, 179-80/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1730, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>Samba Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slave woman is hanged, and eightAfrican slave men are broken on wheel, after conspiracy to rebel under leadernamed Samba is uncovered by torture—9 killed, X woundedb>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Aptheker, p 181-2/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1732, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>New OrleansConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slave woman ishanged, and four African slave men are broken on wheel, then all their headsare displayed on poles, after their conspiracy to rebel is uncovered bytorture—5 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker,p 182/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1094 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:160.3pt;height:269.85pt; z-index:34;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-101 0 -101 21540 21600 21540 21600 0 -101 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image005.jpg o:title02 - Ultimate Degradation/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width214 height360src./index_files/image006.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1094>!endif>i>1734,Somerville, New Jersey/i>—b>Somerville Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves conspire to kill their ownersand escape to nearby Native American villages, believing that English King hadfreed them but that their owners had kept this secret, but plot is uncoveredbefore it happens, and slaves are punished with whipping, ears being cut off,and hanging—1 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 80/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1734, Burlington County, New Jersey/i>—b>BurlingtonCounty Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavesconspire to kill owners and rape their wives and escape to nearby French andNative American villages, believing that English King had freed them but thattheir owners had kept this secret, but plot is uncovered before it happens, andslaves are punished with whipping, ears being cut off, and hanging—1 killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 80/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1734, South Carolina/i>—b>Reward Urged/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In mass escape of African slaves to freedomoffered by Spanish in Florida, reward is urged for European servant and Africanslaves who caught and killed leader of band of slave outlaws—1 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 183/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring, 1734, Prince Georges County, Maryland/i>—b>PrinceGeorges/b> b>Rebellion Betrayed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves escape from jail and unite with other renegade slaves andtogether plot to capture towns magazine and establish their own government,but plot is betrayed by unaffiliated African slave—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 191-2/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1738, Georgia/i>—b>Georgians Killed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In mass escape of African slaves to freedomoffered by Spanish in Florida, slaves from South Carolina kill inhabitants ofGeorgia en route to Florida—X killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 186/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1739, South Carolina/i>—b>South CaroliniansKilled or Wounded/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In mass escapeof African slaves to freedom offered by Spanish in Florida, band of slavesallied with Spaniard and Irishman kill one European-American and wound threeothers en route to Florida—1 killed, 3 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 187/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 9, 1739, South Carolina/i>—b>Stono Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slave Cato leads other Africanslaves to kill warehouse guards, steal weapons, march with drums and flags andcalls for liberty, burn buildings, and kill European-Americans, until they aredefeated in battle, survivors being shot, hanged, and gibbeted alive, notreaching their destination of St. Augustine, Florida, where Spanish would grantthem their freedom, Spanish believed perhaps even to have fomented rebellion,Spain being at war with England—75 killed (another source said 64), X wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1740, Charles Town, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlesTown Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavenamed Peter, rewarded with clothes and span stylemso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:#222222;background:white>£/span>20 cash, betrays conspiracy among hisfellow African slaves, who are hanged in batches of ten per day to discourageother would-be conspirators—50 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 189/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1741, Hackensack, New Jersey/i>—b>HackensackArson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves executed byburning for arson—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 194/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1107 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:375pt;height:277.5pt; z-index:39;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image007.jpg o:title04/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width500 height370src./index_files/image007.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1107>!endif>i>May1 to July 29, 1741, New York City, New York/i>—b>Conspiracy of 1741/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After forcing confessions to falseaccusation of setting fires, state of New York executes European-Americans,both male and female, including Spanish priest and indentured servant, andAfrican slaves, some by hanging (by ropes or chains), and others by burning—35killed (another source said 21), 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1741, Charles Town, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlesTown Arson 01/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Female African slavecondemned to die for arson—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 190/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August, 1741, Charles Town, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlesTown Arson 02/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Male African slave burntto death for arson—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 190/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1742, Maryland/i>—b>Execution of Seven Slaves/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Maryland executes seven slaves formurdering their master—8 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 5, 1744, South Carolina/i>—b>Notchee NativeAmericans Enlisted/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Governor askslocal Native Americans to help destroy outpost of armed, runaway Africanslaves—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker,p. 195/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1745, Newark, New Jersey/i>—b>Attack on Newark Jail/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Crowd clubs guard and sheriff and thenbreaks down jail to free two men arrested for earlier having freed debtorjailed for nonpayment of rent—0 killed, 2+ woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Zinn/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1755, Maryland/i>—b>Maryland Slaves Hanged ForPoisoning Masters/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In 1755 alone,five slaves are hanged for attempting to poison four different masters, one ofthem actually succeeding in killing his master—6 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p. 143-4.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Maryland has ahrefhttp://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000819/pdf/chart27.pdf>detailedonline records/a> of slaves it hanged between 1726 and 1775, for anyone withpatience enough to pore over them./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1756, Virginia/i>—b>Execution of Unpaid Soldiers/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Richest man in America, aristocrat GeorgeWashington, newly appointed general of the Virginia militia, who travels withprivate retinue that feeds and clothes him finely while his troops eat hardtackand wear rags, punishes 14 troops who desert in protest of unpaid wages, 12with an average of 600 lashes each, and 2 by hanging on 40-foot high gallows,to serve as, in his words, “an example”—2 killed, 12 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Summer, 1759, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlestonSlave Revolt Crushed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Officialscrush African slaves "serious attempt at revolt"—X killed, X woundedAptheker, p. 197/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1028 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:220.55pt;height:347.4pt; z-index:1;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-85 0 -85 21546 21600 21546 21600 0 -85 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image008.jpg o:title03 - New York Anti Rent Poster/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width294 height463src./index_files/image009.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1028>!endif>i>1761,Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>Charleston Slaves Poison Masters/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves poison theirEuropean-American masters—X killed, X wounded Aptheker, p. 197/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1766, Hudson Valley, NewYork/i>—b>New York Tenant Riots/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New landlord tears down houses of poortenants, killing some and imprisoning others, who later are released by otherpoor tenants tearing down jail—1+ killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1766, Maryland/i>—b>Arsonist Slave Executed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Maryland executes slave woman who had burneddown masters home, tobacco house, and outhouses—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 145/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March , 1766, Dutchess County, New York/i>—b>GreatDutchess Tenant Uprising of 1766/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Philipse Family tries to evict William Prendergast from their estate,but Prendergast foments tenant rebellion which leads to 1700 armed tenantsclosing court and breaking open jails in Poughkeepsie, and though Prendergastis sentenced to hang he is reprieved by governor—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 26, 1766, Hudson Valley, NewYork/i>—b>New YorkTenant Riots continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Poortenants rioting in protest of cruel landlord shootout with county sheriff anddeputies—4 killed, 7+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 19, 1766, Hudson Valley, NewYork/i>—b>Executionof New York Tenant Riots Leader/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Leader of tenant riots convicted in court and sentenced to death—1killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1767, Alexandria, Virginia/i>—b>Alexandria SlavesPoison Masters/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Several slaveoverseers die from poisoning and four African slaves are executed for thosedeaths, their heads then cut off and fixed to chimneys of courthouse—4+ killed,0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 198-9/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1768, Hillsborough, North Carolina/i>—b>RegulatorsBreak Up Court/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Farmersimpoverished by draught, called “Regulators,” who at one time send 700 of theirnumber to forcibly break two of their leaders out of jail, protest againstgovernmental treatment of debtors by destroying court building, beating twomerchants and three lawyers, one lawyer so badly that he nearly loses an eye,and looting stores—0 killed, 5 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1770, Beaufort, Pitt, & Craven Counties, NorthCarolina/i>—b>North Carolina Conspiracy Crushed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of North Carolina whips and crops earsof five African slaves convicted of conspiring to foment large generalrebellion—0 killed, 5 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p202-3/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 22, 1770, New York/i>—b>New York/b> b>SeamenFight/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colonial seaman fightBritish soldiers for taking their jobs—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 2, 1770, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston/b> b>RopemakersFight/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colonial ropemakers, upsetat British soldiers taking side jobs as ropemakers, beat one soldier, whobrings back other soldiers for renewed fighting—0 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1029 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:210.15pt;height:267.1pt; z-index:2;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-74 0 -74 21541 21600 21541 21600 0 -74 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image010.jpg o:title04 - First Battle/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width280 height356src./index_files/image011.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1029>!endif>i>March5, 1770, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ropemakers fight of three days prior leadsto renewed fighting and eventual British shooting of colonial ropemakers,sailors, and other unaffiliated but concerned citizens—5 killed, 6 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 16, 1771, Alamance County, North Carolina/i>—b>Battleof Alamance/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Regulators shoot outwith governor’s militia—18-36 killed, 85–161 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May-June, 1771, Alamance County, North Carolina/i>—b>Executionof Regulators/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Leaders of the Regulatorsare hanged—7 killed (another source said 6), 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1772, Savannah, Georgia/i>—b>Slaves Arson KillsChild/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Grand jury reports thatAfrican Slaves set fire to European-Americans house, killing child within—1killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 200/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1774, St Andrews Parish, Georgia/i>—b>StAndrews Parish Rebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Male andfemale African slaves rise up in rebellion and kill four European-Americans andwound three others before being subdued, and at lest two rebels are burnedalive as punishment—6 killed, 3 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 201/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 4, 1779, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>FortWilson Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>James Wilson, signerof Declaration of Independence and opponent of Pennsylvania’s price controlsand democratic constitution, is forced inside his home along with 35 colleaguesby rioters emboldened by sanction from by President of Pennsylvanias SupremeExecutive Council, until rescued by local military bands—6 killed, 19 (anothersource said 17) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 1, 1781, Morristown, New Jersey/i>—b>PennsylvaniaLine Mutiny/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pennsylvania troopsleave their post in New Jersey to march on federal and state congresses inPhiladelphia to demand wages equal to troops in other states and receive anegotiated settlement, and a similar mutiny two years later (Pennsylvaniamutiny of 1783), though bloodless, causes federal congress to flee Philadelphiapermanently and create federal District of Columbia in which to meet—1 killed,X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 20, 1781, Pompton Camp, New Jersey/i>—b>PomptonMutiny/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New Jersey troops,mimicking Pennsylvania Line Mutiny, march on state congress at Trenton forredress of their wage grievances, but, being far less in number than theirPennsylvania counterparts, are captured and their leaders executed by forcedfiring squad of their own weeping companions—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May, 1781, Prince William County, Virginia/i>—b>BillExecuted/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave named Bill issentenced to death for "waging . . .span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>war against the Commonwealth"—1 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p 207/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1084 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:188.7pt;height:280.8pt; z-index:29;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-77 0 -77 21549 21600 21549 21600 0 -77 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image012.jpg o:title05 - Daniel Shays/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width252 height374src./index_files/image013.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1084>!endif>i>1782-4,Spanish Province Of Louisiana/i>—b>Louisiana Suppression Of Maroons AndNegroes/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25 Maroons and Negroes ledby St. Malo, probably escaped slaves, are caught and punished with hanging,branding, or hundreds of lashes—X killed, X wounded Aptheker, p 207/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 23, 1783, Craven County, North Carolina/i>—b>CravenCounty Slave Owner Compensated/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of North Carolina reimburses William Bryan £50 for African slavekilled while suppressing other slaves—1 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p 203/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 11 and 13, 1786, Outside Savannah, Georgia/i>—b>BelleIsle Swamp Fort Destroyed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In oneof very few successful attacks on runaway maroons hiding in Great Dismal Swampregion of southeast U.S., area made popularly known by Harriet Beecher Stowesnovel, Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp, Georgia and South Carolinamilitias along with their Native American allies destroy a fort, casualtiesbeing variously described as "heavy" or "killing a handful ofmaroons"—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>mostly in Aptheker, p 209/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 30, 1786, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Arrest ofJob Shattuck/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Leader is wounded bysword during his arrest for shutting down debtors court with his force ofRegulators, disaffected farmers organized into military force by disaffectedex-military personnel such as Luke Day and Daniel Shays, both of whom had goneinto debt because they had not been paid as promised for their militaryservice, even though Shays had been wounded in that service, and both of whomhad been in debtors court because of that lack of payment, Day even spendingtime in debtors prison—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 25, 1787, Springfield, Massachusetts/i>—b>ShaysRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Private army funded byrich merchants fires cannon into force of Regulators under Daniel Shays’command attempting to seize armory—4 killed, 20 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 27, 1787, Sheffield, Massachusetts/i>—b>ShaysRebellion continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bands ofregulators, after having raided shops and homes of merchants and professionalsin Stockbridge, encounter local militia—2 killed, 30+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 6, 1787, Massachusett/i>s—b>Execution of/b> b>ShaysRebels/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Although roughly 4000Regulators sign confessions, and hundreds are indicted on various rebel-relatedcrimes, and eighteen are even sentenced to death, only two are actuallyexecuted, by hanging—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 17, 1792, Petersburg, Virginia/i>—b>Conspiracy OfCeleb/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Letter describes hugestockpile of arms discovered in possession of African slaves led by slaveCeleb, several of whom "it is expected will be hanged"—X killed, 0wounded Aptheker, p 211/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 9, 1792, Northampton, Virginia/i>—b>NorthamptonSlaves Executed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Three Africanslaves are executed of the six that had attacked European-American patrolman—3killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 213/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1137 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:282pt;height:258pt; z-index:52;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image014.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width376 height344src./index_files/image014.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1137>!endif>i>November19, 1792, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>Richmond Overseer Killed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Letter tells of armed European-Americanoverseer of slaves killed by African slave—1 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p213/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 25, 1793, Warwick County, Virginia/i>—b>SuppressionOf/b> b>Warwick County Insurrection/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Militia commander requests arms to suppress African slave insurrectioninspired by Haitian Revolution, though already suppressed somewhat by executionof one leader—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 214-5/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Early 1794, Albany, New York/i>—b>Albany Arson/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One male and two female African slaves areexecuted for 1793 arson—3 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 215/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring 1795, Pointe Coupée Parish, Louisiana/i>—b>PointeCoupée Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Disagreementover when to begin attack foils African slave insurrection, and 25 rebels arekilled while resisting arrest and equal number are hanged, their dead bodiesleft up to warn other slaves against such action—50 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 215-6/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June & July, 1795, Wilmington, North Carolina/i>—b>SwampMarauders Killed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Runaway Africanslaves hiding in swamps stage nighttime attacks on European-American slaveowners, till most are killed by hunting parties or captured and executed—10killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 217/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1797, Prince William County, Virginia/i>—b>PrinceWilliam County Search Resistance/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves resisting search by European-American patrol results inviolence and death on both sides—10 killed, 2 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 219/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1797, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlestonConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slaves are banished orexecuted for conspiring to burn city—3 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p 97/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1799, Southampton County, Virginia/i>—b>SouthamptonCounty Transportation Resistance/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves resisting transport from Virginia to Georgia kill European-Americanoverseers, but are caught and executed—12 (another source said 6) killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 219/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 30, 1800, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>Gabriel’sRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave Gabriel, whoseowner, Mr. Prosser, according to letter written to Thomas Jefferson, "hadbehaved with great barbarity to his slaves," organizes rebellion,intending to spare Frenchmen, Quakers, and Methodists, all of whom areperceived to be advocates of freeing slaves (French because of their own recentnational rebellion, Quakers because of their outspoken opposition to slavery,and Methodists because in 1797 20% of Methodists are of African decent), butrebellion is stopped by flood that washes out bridges—35 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1106 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:284.25pt;height:287.25pt; z-index:38;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image015.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width379 height383src./index_files/image015.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1106>!endif>i>October22, 1800, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>Execution of Assaulters ofCharleston Overseers/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution ofslaves for assaulting their overseers eight weeks prior is reported in press,though this incident, like all similar incidents at that time, is downplayed bypress, which does not even mention "slaves" or "Africans"as subject of article, so as not to incite other African slaves to violence—1+killed, 1+ wounded Aptheker, p 157-8/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January, 1801, Petersburg, Virginia/i>—b>Execution ofTwo Virginia Slaves In Petersburg For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>State of Virginia executes two slaves from Nottoway County forconspiring to kill European-Americans of the master class—2 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 228/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1802, North Carolina/i>—b>Conspiracies in Eleven NorthCarolina Counties/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slaveconspiracies in Camden, Bertie, Currituck, Martin, Halifax, Pasquotank,Hertford, Wake, Washington, Warren, and Charlotte counties in North Carolinaresult in scores arrested, fifteen executed, and dozens tortured—15 killed, 24+woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 231-232/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1802, Brunswick, Virginia/i>—b>Execution ofTwo Virginia Slaves in Brunswick For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>State of Virginia executes two slaves for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—2 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 228/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1802, Halifax, Virginia/i>—b>Execution of TwoVirginia Slaves in Halifax For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes two slaves for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—2 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 228/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1802, Norfolk, Virginia/i>—b>Execution of OneVirginia Slave in Norfolk For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes one slave, and reprieves another for"weak-mindedness," instead banishing him, for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 228-9/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1802, Hanover County, Virginia/i>—b>Execution ofOne Virginia Slave in Hanover County For Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes one slave andbanishes another for conspiring to kill European-Americans of the masterclass—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p229/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 13 andspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>July1, 1802, Halifax, Virginia/i>—b>Execution of Two More Virginia Slaves inHalifax County For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes two slaves for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 230/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1802, Henrico County, Virginia/i>—b>Execution ofOne Virginia Slave in Henrico County For Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes one slave forconspiring to kill European-Americans of the master class—1 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 230/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1138 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:170.25pt;height:265.5pt; z-index:53;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image016.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width227 height354src./index_files/image016.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1138>!endif>i>February,1803, York, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Margaret Bradley Riots/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two African slaves are hanged and fivesentenced to twelve years hard labor for their part in riots that destroyedeleven buildings resulting from conviction of female slave in Philadelphia forattempting to poison two European-American women—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October, 1804, Natchitoches, Louisiana/i>—b>NatchitochesConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Nine African slavessteal weapons and horses and reach Spanish territory in Florida, Spanish RoyalDecree of 1789 granting both freedom and land to fugitive slaves, but one iswounded who implicates 30 others in conspiracy—X killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January, 1805, Fredericksburg, Virginia/i>—b>ChathamManor Rebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantescapture African slaves who overpowered and whipped their overseers—3 killed, 5wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1805, Stafford County, Virginia/i>—b>Executionof One Virginia Slave in Stafford County For Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two African slaves are convicted of"conspiracy and insurrection,":span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One is banished, other is hanged—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 241/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1805, Johnston, Sampson, and Wayne County, NorthCarolina/i>—b>1805 North Carolina Poisoning/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Many European-American masters are poisoned, two of whom die, andtwenty African slaves are arrested for it, one woman burned alive, three orfour others hanged, one banished, and rest are whipped or pilloried or earsnailed down then cut off—7 killed, 14 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 241-2/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1805, Cambridge, Maryland/i>—b>Execution of OneMaryland Slave in Cambridge For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Two men of African descent are arrested for "attempting toraise an insurrection":span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Freemangets seven years hard labor, slave is hanged—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 240-1/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1807, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>Slave MassSuicide at Charleston/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Twoshiploads of slaves starve themselves to death— X killed (this could easily behundreds of deaths for which I unfortunately could find no number), Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 142-3/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 8-10, 1811, Territory of Orleans/i>—b>GermanCoast Uprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>U.S. Army, localmilitia, and local vigilantes kill, capture, and execute by firing squaduprising of 4-500 African slaves beginning from plantation of U.S. Army MajorAndry, who is wounded and his son killed, and string up rebels heads atregular intervals from New Orleans to Andrys plantation—100 (another sourcesaid 97, and another source said 83) killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1811, Cabarrus County, North Carolina/i>—b>CabarrusCounty Runaway Community Invaded/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Armed European Americans invade community of runaway African slaves,killing two men, wounding one man, and capturing two women—2 killed, 1woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 251/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1121 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:183.35pt;height:260.9pt; z-index:44;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image017.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width244 height348src./index_files/image017.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1121>!endif>i>January,1812, Lexington, Kentucky/i>—b>Lexington Arson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Of three African slaves convicted of arson, only one isexecuted—1 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker,p 252/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>After June 18, 1812, from Maysville to Henderson,Kentucky/i>—b>Kentucky Hair Plait Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>After outbreak of War of 1812, slaves over a three hundred milerange conspiring to get their freedom identify one another by wearing hairplait over their left eyes, but conspiracy is uncovered and they are whippedand their hair plaits cut off—0 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 252/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 13, 1812, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>Executionof/b> b>Joseph Wood/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>European-Americanis executed for conspiring to help African slaves rebel—1 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 254/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 23, 1813, Williamsburg, Virginia/i>—b>Executionof Three Slaves in Williamsburg for Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>State of Virginia executes three slaves for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 255/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 6, 1815, Spotsylvania, Virginia/i>—b>Boxley’sRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave leaks plans offormer slave owner turned abolitionist to start slave rebellion, and though heis captured along with his men, he escapes from jail and continues hisabolitionist work in different state—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 4, 1815, Camden, South Carolina/i>—b>CamdenConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of South Carolinaexecutes six slaves for conspiring to kill European-Americans of the masterclass and burn their homes, their leaders ironically also occupying highpositions in local church—6 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 257-8/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1816, Ashepoo, South Carolina/i>—b>Youngblood Conquest/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Governor of South Carolina notes thatMajor-General Youngblood "captured or destoryed" whole band ofescaped slaves hiding in swamps—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 258-9/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 17, 1816, Flint River, Georgia/i>—b>Fort Gadsden(aka Fort Blount) Attack on U.S. Navy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>300 fugitive African slaves and 30 Seminole and Choctaw Native Americansin British fort left over from war of 1812 fire on U.S. naval vessel—4 killed,X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 26, 1816, Flint River, Georgia/i>—b>Destruction ofFort Gadsden (aka Fort Blount)/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>U.S. armed forces blow up fort occupied by fugitive African slaves andNative Americans, and execute their leaders, scalping one—272 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1079 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:205.3pt; z-index:26;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-50 0 -50 21523 21600 21523 21600 0 -50 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image018.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height274src./index_files/image019.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1079>!endif>i>April7, 1817, St. Marys County, Maryland/i>—b>St. Marys Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200 African slaves attack European-Americanswith sticks and rocks before being subdued by police—X killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 262/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1817, Wake County, North Carolina/i>—b>AbaellinosRaiders/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Renegade African slavesraid European-American establishments, and, though rewards are offered, theyare apparently never caught—1+ killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 262/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring, 1819, Augusta, Georgia/i>—b>Coots Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves, with at least oneEuropean-American, conspire to attack city with fire but are defeated, and oneconspirator is punished with 10 times 25 lashes, branded "R" on hischeek, and ears cut off—2+ killed, 1+ woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 263/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1819, Williamsburg County, South Carolina/i>—b>Attackon Williamsburg Renegade Community/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Band of European-Americans attacks community of renegade Africanslaves—3 killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p263/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 1, 1820, Augusta, Georgia/i>—b>Two SlavesExecuted in Augusta/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State ofGeorgia executes two African slaves for killing European-American, one byhanging, then decapitation, and then his head put on display—3 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 263/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1820, Florida/i>—b>Jamaican Slaves Rebel inFlorida/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Newly arrived slaves fromJamaica rebel but are quickly subdued by U.S. troops—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 266/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring, 1820, Gates County, North Carolina/i>—b>HarryKilled/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After band of runawayAfrican slaves kill European-American, their leader, named "Harry,"is caught and killed—2 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 266-7/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1820, Georgetown, South Carolina/i>—b>GeorgetownMurder/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Band of outlaw runawayAfrican slaves kills slaveholder—1 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 267/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1120 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:196.5pt;height:256.5pt; z-index:43;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image020.jpg o:title06/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width262 height342src./index_files/image020.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1120>!endif>i>Augustand September, 1821, Onslow, Carteret, and Bladen Counties, North Carolina/i>—b>FriendlyFire in North Carolina/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Twocompanies of militia accidentally fire on each other—0 killed, 12 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 267/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June to July 1822, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>Vesey’sConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves,numbering into thousands—not including 6600 to 9000 more slaves outside ofCharleston who cannot be alerted in time that date of attack has been advancedone month due to arrests of top leaders—armed with hundreds of pike heads,bayonets, and daggers, and believing that the Missouri Compromise proves thatfederal government has outlawed slavery but that their own masters simply refuseto follow new law, plan with their leader Denmark Vesey, free African-Americanex-slave who is multilingual and quotes the Bible to support his rebellion, toburn Charleston, sixth largest city in U.S., and flee to Haiti, only country inworld ever able to stage successful slave rebellion, but their plan is leakedby fellow slaves, resulting in rebels capture and execution of leaders, andnew draconian South Carolina laws, such as every free African-American overfifteen years old must have guardian in attendance, prohibition againstteaching African slaves how to read or write, and imprisonment of any shipscrew member of African descent who leaves his vessel until ships captain paysfine—37 (another source said 35) killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1822, Jacksonborough, South Carolina/i>—b>JacksonboroughHangings/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of South Carolinahangs 3 armed runaway African slaves, who had been captured, and were possiblyassociated with Veseys Conspiracy, as werespan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>twenty more maroons for whose capture state governor offers two hundreddollars following month—3 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 273/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 12, 1823, Norfolk County, Virginia/i>—b>Death ofWilliam Walker/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Newspaper articledescribes band of fugitive slaves killing several European Americans, mostrecent of whom is named—1+ killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 276/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 25, 1823, Norfolk County, Virginia/i>—b>Executionof Bob Ferebee/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reports of killingor capture of fugitive African slaves who had killed European-Americansincluding William Walker culminate in capture and execution of their leader—1+killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 277/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October, 1823, Pineville, South Carolina/i>—b>Attack onPineville Fugitive Slaves/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>FugitiveAfrican slaves are attacked, killed—including one woman and one child—captured,or executed, and one has his decapitated head stuck on pole—3+ killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 276/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1824, Cape Fear, North Carolina/i>—b>Death of Isam/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Troublemaking outlaw African slave iswhipped to death—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 267/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1134 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:162pt;height:296.25pt; z-index:51;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image021.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width216 height395src./index_files/image021.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1134>!endif>i>September,1826, Bourbon County, Kentucky/i>—b>Stone Brothers Uprising/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>77 African slaves being transported by boatdown Ohio river overcome and kill European-American slave traders—5 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 277-8/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 29, 1826, Bourbon County, Kentucky/i>—b>Executionof Leaders of Stone Brothers Uprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After all 77 fugitive slaves in Stone Brothers uprising are captured,their leaders are executed—5 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 278/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December, 1826, Between Maryland and Georgia/i>—b>Mutinyon the Decatur/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavesbeing transported by boat rebel and kill two crewmen, and command third to takethem to Haiti, and though ship is captured and taken to New York, all slavesescape except one—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 278/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 15, 1826, New York/i>—b>Execution of WilliamBowser/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lone slave captured frommutiny on Decatur is executed—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 278/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January, 1827, South Carolina/i>—b>Fugitive SlavesKilled in South Carolina/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Twoseparate cases in state court show exoneration of European-Americans who hadeach killed one African Slave they feared were fugitive slaves—2 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 279/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 29, 1827, Baltimore, Maryland/i>—b>AustinWoolfolk Assaults Benjamin Lundy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave trader assaults Quaker abolitionist who had been criticizing him,and when abolitionist sues, court fines slave trader only one dollar, and judgefurther urges slave trader to sue abolitionist for libel, but grand juryrefuses to indict him—0 killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 20, 1827, Fork of Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers,Alabama/i>—b>Nest of Runaways on Alabama River Discovered/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Search party from Mobile County discoversencampment of runaway slaves at river fork and attacks them,"shooting" three (report does not say whether they are killed orwounded—0 killed, 4 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker,p 279-80/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Early 1829, 40 Miles Outside Of New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>1829Louisiana Slave Uprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Generaluprising of African slaves on remote Louisiana plantations is suppressed andtheir leaders hanged—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 282-3/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Summer, 1829, Christ Church and St James Parishes, SouthCarolina/i>—b>Deer Hunters Encounter/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Band of European-American deer hunters of master class stumble upon bandof escaped and marauding African slaves—0 killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 285/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 4, 1829, Hanover County, Virginia/i>—b>1829Hanover County Slave Uprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Eight African slaves kill or wound members of European master class—1killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 284/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1031 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:166.8pt;height:243pt; z-index:3;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-89 0 -89 21539 21600 21539 21600 0 -89 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image022.jpg o:title06 - Enormous Casualties/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width222 height324src./index_files/image023.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1031>!endif>i>August,1829, in transit from Maryland/i>—b>1829 Fist-Fighting Slaves/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two African slaves pretend to fight eachother until guards intervene, whom slaves then kill, and slaves owner is setupon but escapes, and slaves are captured and six are executed, including womanpublicly hanged, and man who exclaims, just before his death, "death atany time in preference to slavery"—8 killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 287/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December, 1829, Offshore, Southern States/i>—b>Mutinyaboard Lafayette/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavesbeing sailed from Norfolk to New Orleans revolt, but revolt fails as some are“severely wounded,” and ship continues on it way with many slaves now bolteddown to deck of ship—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 98/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1830, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>1830 NewOrleans Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two Africanslaves executed for conspiracy—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 288/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October, 1830, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana/i>—b>1830Plaquemines Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One hundredAfrican slaves conspire to rebel and, when uncovered, their leaders are"punished"—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 288/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1830, North Carolina/i>—b>Moses Confessions/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Captured fugitive African slave describesextensive resistance network including arms and ammunition, several campshidden in swamps, and messengers to and from camps, and investigating partyfrom European-American ruling class finds one white woman involved who ishiding arms and feeding Africans, and camp in Dover where they burned elevenhouses and "it is supposed they killed several of the negroes"—Xkilled, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 289/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 25, 1830, Newbern, North Carolina/i>—b>PreemptingNewbern Christmas Attack/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Band offugitive Africa slaves assembled in swampland plan to attack European-Americanmaster class on Christmas, but are completely destroyed by military actionbeforehand—60 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 289-90/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August to November 1831, Southhampton County, Virginia/i>—b>SouthhamptonInsurrection/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slave andBible preacher Nat Turner, in obedience to heavenly vision that tells him to“slay my enemies with their own weapons,” leads slave rebellion, finding readyfollowers who believe, because of War Of 1812, that God will send British tohelp them—311 killed (including 200 random African slaves or African-Americancitizens after initial rebellion is crushed), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 7-10, 1834, New York City, New York/i>—b>Anti-AbolitionistRiots of 1834/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery forcesbeat up abolitionists and destroy their property—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1835-8, Florida/i>—b>Black Seminole Slave Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Native Americans invite African slaves tojoin them in general insurrection—398 killed (1590 dead soldiers * 25% ofinsurrectionists are slaves), X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1092 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:5in;height:157.9pt;z-index:32;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-39 0 -39 21511 21600 21511 21600 0 -39 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image024.jpg o:title07 - Garrison Nameplate - Trimmed/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width480 height211src./index_files/image025.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1092>!endif>i>August6-9, 1835, Baltimore, Maryland/i>—b>Baltimore Bank Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After failure of Bank of Maryland, poorinvestors, believing they had been defrauded by rich bank officials, destroythose officials homes, until they are shot down by civilian army hastilyassembled by new mayor—20 killed, 100 wounded Zinn, p 222-3/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>October1, 1835, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Attack on William Lloyd Garrison/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-Slavery forces drag with rope and stripabolitionist, who once publicly burned copy of U.S. Constitution for itscondoning of slavery, before he is finally jailed for his own protection—0killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>October,1835, Brazos River, Texas/i>—b>Brazos Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>European Americans in Texas hear rumor thatMexican forces aim to free their African slaves and “let them lose on theirfamilies,” but slaves also hear same rumor, so when force of 2000 Mexicansapproaches Brazos River, slaves attempt to rise, but are put down by their owners—Xkilled, 100 wounded (some of these approx 100 slaves were killed, but notknowing how many, we list them here as being at least wounded)spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 93/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>November7, 1837, Alton, Illinois/i>—b>Death of Elijah Parish Lovejoy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Minister dies in gun battle defending hisabolitionist printing press from pro-slavery forces—2 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>November7, 1841, at sea between Virginia and Louisiana/i>—b>Creole Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave Madison Washington leads Americanslaves to take over ship and sail it to Nassau where they eventually findfreedom, assisted by England, which governs Nassau, and which had abolishedslavery in 1833, and which refuses to return these slaves to U.S., which leadsU.S. Secretary of State Daniel Webster to press for war against England—2 killed,X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>1842,Rhode Island/i>—b>Dorr Rebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bystander killed by accident in battle between state government andrebels against property requirement for voting, who succeed in establishingcompeting state government—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1033 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:219.8pt;height:224.65pt;z-index:4;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-71 0 -71 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -71 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image026.jpg o:title08 - First Recorded Killings At Strike/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width293 height300src./index_files/image027.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1033>!endif>i>November15, 1842, territory of Cherokee Nation/i>—b>1842 Slave Revolt in the CherokeeNation/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cherokee pursuers capturetheir escaped African-American slaves before they can reach Mexico—7 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>Summer,1845, Hudson Valley, New York/i>—b>New York/b> b>Anti-Rent War/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Rebels against high rents imposed by onefamily having 80,000 tenants and $41 million kill deputy sheriff trying to selloff cattle of farmer to settle his debts—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p. 213/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September,1845, Hudson Valley, New York/i>—b>New York/b> b>Anti-Rent War continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>During trial for farmers protesting againstfeudal leases, two leading counsels fistfight in court—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>August15, 1847, Northern Mexico/i>—b>Mutiny Against Robert Paine/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Volunteer soldiers in Mexican-American Warmutiny against tyrant colonel, who kills one mutineer, but two lieutenantsrefuse to help colonel kill any more, and remaining mutineers are exonerated—1killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p. 168/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>May 10,1849, New York City, New York/i>—b>Astor Place Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Riot between supporters of two Shakespeareanactors, one American and one English, American favored by lower classes andEnglish favored by upper classes, elicits state militia firing into crowd andleads to creation of first police force armed with deadly weapons—25+ killed,120+ wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 1850, Smithland, Kentucky/i>—b>Death of SethConcklin/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Captors bash in head ofUnderground Railroad operative, friend of Underground Railroad organizer WilliamStill, after he was already dead from drowning while trying to escape, thoughUnderground Railroad itself could not be stopped, throughout 50’s helping about1000 slaves per year (W. B. Hesseltine puts average number from 1830 to 1860 at2000 per year) escape to Canada, Mexico, or Northern U.S., staffed by colorfulpersonalities like 50" Harriet Tubman, ex-African slave bearing lifelonghead wound from her former master, who carries pistol and, like Patrick Henry,says she will accept only liberty or death, and who alone helps more than 300slaves escape in 19 attempts, though her efforts pale compared to those of J.W. Loguen, escaped slave become eloquent minister, who helps 1500—1 killed, 0wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 8, 1850, New York City, New York/i>—b>New YorkTailor Strike of 1850/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>300, mostlyGerman, striking tailors armed with clubs clash with police resulting in firstrecorded strike fatalities in U.S. history—2 killed, X wounded woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 1, 1851, Portage, New York/i>—b>Portage RailroadStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In first recorded instanceof Americans being killed at strike, New York state militia fires on strikers—2killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1035 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:279pt;height:225.05pt; z-index:5;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-56 0 -56 21530 21600 21530 21600 0 -56 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image028.jpg o:title09 - Bleeding Kansas/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width372 height300src./index_files/image029.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1035>!endif>i>September11, 1851, Christiana, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Christiana Resistance/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fugitive slaves and their sympathizers shoota Maryland slave owner and beat his son, a deputy marshall attempting toenforce the Fugitive Slave Act by returning his father’s slaves to captivity—1killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 26, 1854, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Murder ofJames Batchelder/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Inspired byabolitionist Thomas Wentworth Higginson, crowd kills a U.S. deputy marshallwhile trying to prevent fugitive slave Anthony Burns from being returned toslavery—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 1854, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Butman Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Inspired by abolitionist Thomas WentworthHigginson, crowd severely beats kidnapper of Anthony Burns and other fugitiveslaves—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>i>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 19, 1855, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>ArsonistSlave Executed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave shows noemotion when hanged for arson—1 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p 147/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 21, 1855, Lawrence, Kansas/i>—b>FranklinColeman Shoots Charles Dow/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery settler in Kansas Territory shots abolitionist, startingchain of events known collectively as “Bleeding Kansas,” revolving aroundwhether to admit Kansas to Union as free state or slave state—1 killed, 0wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December, 1855, Lawrence, Kansas/i>—b>Wakarusa War/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery attackers from Missouri massnear Wakarusa River in Bleeding Kansas, intending to attack Lawrence, butdefenders save Lawrence with only one casualty, Thomas Barber, memorialized ina poem by John Greenleaf Whittier—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 21, 1856, Lawrence, Kansas/i>—b>Sacking of Lawrence/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Avengers of non-fatal shooting ofslave-state sheriff, carrying blood-red flag inscribed with words “southernrights,” and inspired by writings of Benjamin Stringfellow that Kansas shall beslave state even if “our rivers should be covered with the blood of theirvictims, and the carcasses of the abolitionists should be so numerous in theterritory as to breed disease and sickness,” attack free-state hotel inBleeding Kansas, killing one of the attackers—1 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 22, 1856, Washington, DC/i>—b>Preston Brooks BeatsCharles Sumner/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery U.S.Representative beats abolitionist U.S. Senator, while U.S. Rep Laurence Keittholds would-be helpers off with pistol, in retaliation for anti-slavery speechthat had insulted his uncle, so badly about the head with walking cane thatSenator does not return to work for three years—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1082 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:137.9pt;height:239.4pt; z-index:28;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-96 0 -96 21545 21600 21545 21600 0 -96 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image030.jpg o:title10 - Charles Sumner/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width184 height319src./index_files/image031.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1082>!endif>i>May24 to 25, 1856, Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas/i>—b>Pottawatomie Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After learning that his family is marked forattack by pro-slavery forces, abolitionist John Brown and his sons, in threeseparate instances, hack to death Kansan participants in Sacking of Lawrence—5killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 2 1856, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>SlaveSelf-Mutilation at Richmond/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Threeslaves, to avoid being sold, cut off three fingers from each hand—0 killed, 3wounded Aptheker, p 142/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 30, 1856, Osawatomie, Kansas/i>—b>Battle ofOsawatomie/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After one of his sonsand one other free-state Kansan are shot dead, abolitionist John Brown and hisforce of 38 Kansans defend free-state settlements in yet another BleedingKansas town against force of more than 300 slave-state Missourians, inflictingmany more casualties than sustaining, before finally retreating—22+ killed, 40+wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1856, Lavaca County, Texas/i>—b>Whipping ofDavidson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ohio abolitionist isrightly or wrongly implicated in slave plot and whipped 100 strokes—0 killed, 1wounded Aptheker, p 111/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1857, Mississippi/i>—b>Arsonist Slave Executed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When a master asks his slave why he burneddown his gin-house, he replies because he wanted to be hanged—1 killed, 0wounded Aptheker, p 147/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Summer, 1857, New York City, New York/i>—b>EconomicRiots of 1857/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>500 unemployedworkers attack police with pistols and bricks—X killed, X wounded Zinn, p 228/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 11, 1857, New York City, New York/i>—b>1857Tompkins Square Park Bread Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police attack immigrants after they had protested unemployment and foodshortages for months and carried off park benches and fences for firewood—0killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 5, 1858, Washington, DC/i>—b>Brawl in U.S.House of Representatives/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery U.S. Representative Laurence Keitt starts brawl involvingfifty people by choking abolitionist U.S. Rep Galusha Grow after Keitt,demanding that Grow sit down, calls him a “black Republican puppy,” and Growresponds, “No negro-driver shall crack his whip over me.”—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 16 to 19, 1859, Harper’s Ferry, Virginia/i>—b>JohnBrown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Abolitionist John Brown, armed by rich Boston supporters with 200 riflesand 950 pikes left over from battles in Bleeding Kansas, which finally isadmitted to Union as free state, all its combatants being pardoned by Governor,and having met with other leading abolitionists including Ralph Waldo Emerson,Henry David Thoreau, Frederick Douglas (who did not participate only because hethought the plan had no chance of success), Harriet Tubman (who did notparticipate only because she was sick), and Bronson Alcott, and having alreadyfreed slaves by recent incursions into slave-state Missouri, leads party thatseizes U.S. arsenal and tries to start slave rebellion by distributing seizedarms, but is defeated by marines under command of General Robert E. Lee, laterhead of !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1037 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:269.5pt;height:273.25pt; z-index:6;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-72 0 -72 21529 21600 21529 21600 0 -72 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image032.jpg o:title11 - Brown Newby/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width359 height364src./index_files/image033.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1037>!endif>Confederateforces during the U.S. Civil War, one African-American rebel, DangerfieldNewby, fighting for freedom of his wife, whose love letters found in his pocketgalvanize national opposition to slavery, having his ears cut off assouvenirs—19 (another source said 18) killed, 10+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 2, 1859 to March 16, 1860, X, Virginia/i>—b>Executionof John Brown’s Party/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemoratedin Walt Whitman’s poem “Year of Meteors,” and John Greenleaf Whittier’s poem“Brown of Ossawatomie,” and in song “John Brown’s Body” that inspires Unionsoldiers in U.S. Civil War, state of Virginia hangs militant abolitionists,under security detail led by Major Thomas J. Jackson, later Confederate General“Stonewall” Jackson, with presidential assassin and Confederate sympathizerJohn Wilkes Boothe also being in attendance in a borrowed uniform, includingamong the executed their leader John Brown, who, on the eve of the AmericanCivil War, correctly predicts that "the crimes of this guilty land willnever be purged away but with blood," and that "you may dispose of mevery easily . . . but this Negro question is still to be settled," andwho argues in religious terms that his interference on “behalf of God’sdespised poor, was not wrong, but right,” and who refuses to be rescued bySilas Soule after he infiltrates jail, preferring in his own words to die a“martyr,” and whose execution, again expressed in religious terms, according toRalph Waldo Emerson, “will make the gallows glorious like the cross,” andaccording to French author Victor Hugo, would be an “uncorrectable sin,” addingthat, “there is something more frightening than Cain killing Abel, and that isWashington killing Spartacus,” and upon his death abolitionist areas of theUnited States ring church bells and fire rifle salutes in his honor, althoughabolitionist and American publisher William Lloyd Garrison calls Brown“well-intended but sadly misguided,” and abolitionist and future Americanpresident Abraham Lincoln calls him merely “insane”—7 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1860, Tennessee/i>—b>Death of John Fairfield:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Repression of slave insurrection killsUnderground Railroad operative—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Early 1862, Culpepper County, Virginia/i>—b>CulpepperCounty Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavesand African American citizens executed for plot to free slaves based on copiesof preliminary Emancipation Proclamation found in their possession—17 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 94-5/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 12, 1862, Buffalo, New York/i>—b>Buffalo Riot of1862/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking Irish and Germanstevedores fight against local police, who fire on them—0 killed, 5 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 22, 1862, Washington, DC/i>—b>EMANCIPATIONPROCLAMATION:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLNENDS VIOLENCE BY AND AGAINST SLAVES AND THEIR SYMPATHIZERS BY FREEING THESLAVES/b>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 13 to 16, 1863, New York City, New York/i>—b>NewYork Draft Riots/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lower-classEuropean-American citizens riot over $300 commutation fee to avoid beingdrafted into Civil War, similar to riots over same issue during RevolutionaryWar, except much more violent, beating upper-class citizens and lawmen, andburning 50 buildings to ground, including orphanage for African-Americanchildren because African-American adults compete with lower-class European-Americancitizens for jobs, until President Abraham Lincoln sends federal troops tosuppress riot with shoot-to-kill orders—120 (another source said 2000) killed,2000 (another source said 8000) injured/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1038 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:225.5pt; z-index:7;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-53 0 -53 21526 21600 21526 21600 0 -53 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image034.jpg o:title12 - New York Draft Riots/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height301src./index_files/image035.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1038>!endif>i>July14, 1863, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston Draft Riots/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>On very day that draft notices are firstdistributed in Boston, large crowd of men, women, and children fight withfederal draft agents and police, and then attempt to break into federal armory,which fires its canon one time into crowd, killing unknown number of people,but including a 12-year-old boy and middle age man whose arm is nearly severed,and wounding many more—2+ killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1864, South Carolina/i>—b>Execution ofWilliam Walker/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African-American volunteerarmy sergeant is shot for ordering his men to stack their weapons in protest ofunequal pay, though just months later congress actually does raise pay ofAfrican-American soldiers to equal that of European-American soldiers—1 killed,0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May, 1864, Yazoo City, Mississippi/i>—b>Burning ofYazoo City/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves,encouraged by successes of Union army, burn down courthouse and 14 homes—Xkilled, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 95/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1864, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>Capture of BobRichardson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African-Americanwaiter, inspired by Union confidants to organize rebellion, to receive his“just desserts”—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 95/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 21, 1864, Robeson County, North Carolina/i>—b>HenryBerry Lowry’s First Murder/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>NativeAmerican forced into unpaid labor by Confederacy kills member of ConfederateHome Guard who accuses his family of stealing food and harboring Union pow’s—1killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1865 to 1872, Robeson County, North Carolina/i>—b>LowryWar/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Native American organizesfellow Native Americans, escaped slaves, Confederate deserters, and escapedUnion pow’s into gang that murders head of local KKK, kills husband of Mary C.Norment, author of “The Lowery History,” shoots local sheriff and steals hissafe, steals food from rich homes and shares it with poor families in Pembrokearea of North Carolina, where he is still remembered and honored with annualoutdoor play “Strike At The Wind,” escapes from jail, and attacks indeterminatenumber of other Confederate or Democratic officials, killing at least eightothers and wounding at least one other, and robs indeterminate number ofhouses, ending when his brother is killed, and at least two other gang membersare executed, though he himself escapes forever with bounty on his head twicethat offered for notorious outlaw Jesse James—13+ killed, 2+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 15, 1865, Robeson County, North Carolina/i>—b>HenryBerry Lowry’s Second Murder/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>NativeAmerican forced into unpaid labor by Confederacy kills member of ConfederateHome Guard who abuses his !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1081 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:178.25pt;height:277.9pt; z-index:27;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-88 0 -88 21544 21600 21544 21600 0 -88 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image036.jpg o:title13 - Henry Berry Lowry/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width238 height371src./index_files/image037.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1081>!endif>family’swomen—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 3, 1865, Robeson County, North Carolina/i>—b>Executionof Henry Berry Lowry’s Family/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Native American forced into unpaid labor by Confederacy watches from hishiding place in swamp as Confederate Home Guard executes his father and brotherfor possessing firearms, which is illegal for non-European-Americans—2 killed,0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 13, 1870, Mamaroneck, New York/i>—b>MamaroneckRiot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Irish laborers and Italianlaborers fight against each other with stones and knives over Italians’ willingnessto accept lower wage—4 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 17, 1871, Scranton, Pennsylvania/i>—b>WorkingmensBenevolent Association Union Coal Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One member of state troops escorting strike-breakers from mine returnsfire on rock-throwing strikers—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1874, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania/i>—b>ItalianStrikebreakers Killed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikingbituminous coal miners kill strikebreakers that company had imported fromEurope—3 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p244/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 13, 1874, New York City, New York/i>—b>TompkinsSquare Park Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local policedisperse crowd of unemployed workers, who had gathered to demonstrate forpublic employment opportunities, by trampling and beating men, women, andchildren in what AFL founder Samuel Gompers called “an orgy of brutality,” butpolice commissioner Abram Duryee called “the most glorious sight I ever saw”—0killed, 200+ wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attackon Ancient Order of Hibernians/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mine superintendent Bradley leads local vigilantes who shoot member ofIrish group associated with coalmine unionism—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attackon Striking Coalminers/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mine bossPatrick Vary fires into crowd of striking coalminers who flee, leaving, inwords of one eyewitness, “long trail of blood behind them”—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1875, Tuscarora, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attack on StrikingCoalminers’ Meeting/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Localvigilantes shoot up meeting of striking coalminers—1 killed, 2+ wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attackon Hugh McGeehan/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantesshoot body and house of reportedly violent striking coalminer—0 killed, 1wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1040 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:239.9pt; z-index:8;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-55 0 -55 21528 21600 21528 21600 0 -55 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image038.jpg o:title15 - Molly Message/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height320src./index_files/image039.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1040>!endif>i>March,1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Assassination of Edward Coyle/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantes shoot coalmine unionleader—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 10, 1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attackon Molly Maguires/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantesattack coalmine workers and their wives at home for belonging to Irish groupassociated with coalmine unionism—2 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Summer, 1876, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attacksby and on Molly Maguires/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Irishmineworkers kill six German and Welsh associates of mine owners, and unknown assailantskill unknown number of Irish mineworkers and dump their bodies in mineshafts—6+ killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 18, 1876, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>ThreeDays of Attacks by and on Molly Maguires/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Irish mineworkers exchange attacks with German and Welsh associates ofmine owners, including throat slitting, crucifixion, and wounding one so badlythat he is simply left for dead in stable door—4 killed, 4 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1876, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>FiveAssassinations by Molly Maguires/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Irish mineworkers kill night watchman Yost, Justice of the PeaceGwyther, bartender Gomer James, and mine boss Sanger and his associate—5killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 14, 1877, Chico, California/i>—b>Nativist LaborUnion Kills Chinese Farmhands/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Members of American nativist labor union plot murder and arson beforekilling four Chinese farmhands in workers cabin—4 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 21, 1877, Pottsville and Mauch Chuck, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Executionof Molly Maguires at Pottsville and Mauch Chuck/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>After trial completely orchestrated by president of coalminecompany, state of Pennsylvania on flimsy evidence hangs members of Irish groupassociated with coalmine unionist violence, including Alexander Campbell, whostamps his handprint on prison wall as testimony to his innocence, and whichhandprint prison officials are never able to clean off—10 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1877-1879, Mauch Chunk, Pottsville, Bloomsburg andSunbury, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Execution of Molly Maguires continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After trial completely orchestrated bypresident of coalmine company, state of Pennsylvania on flimsy evidence hangsmore members of Irish group associated with coalmine unionist violence—10killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1041 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:184.95pt;height:224.3pt; z-index:9;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-76 0 -76 21538 21600 21538 21600 0 -76 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image040.jpg o:title16 - Great RR Strike - Pittsburgh/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width247 height299src./index_files/image041.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1041>!endif>i>July13, 1877, Martinsburg, West Virginia/i>—b>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 atMartinsburg/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Marking the beginningof "Great Upheaval of 1877," which President Hayes calls “aninsurrection,” in which railroad workers, and other associated workers such ascoalminers, strike against wage cuts up to 46% while nonworking company ownersmake 10% dividends, and at least 580,000 workers from Boston to Kansas City goon strike despite the absence of unions, and in which worker issues replaceslave issues as the frontline in America’s ongoing class war, and four yearsafter the great depression of 1873 that after two years had left 80% ofAmerican workers without full time jobs, striker is shot in crowd of strikerstrying to prevent trains from moving, when rich bankers, such as JP Morgan andAugust Belmont, privately fund army to keep trains moving—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 14, 1877, Cumberland, Maryland/i>—b>Great RailroadStrike of 1877 at Cumberland/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Outnumbered Maryland militia members fire on confrontational strikers,who retaliate by wounding militia members and destroying buildings andequipment, though half of militia quits when popular support for strike growsto 15,000 people—10 killed, 25 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 21 to 22, 1877, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania/i>—b>GreatRailroad Strike of 1877 at Pittsburgh/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After Pennsylvania Railroad executive TA Scott says working-classstrikers should be given a “rifle diet for a few days,” but local police refuseto fire on them, and railroad strike develops into a general strike thatincludes mills and factories, Pennsylvania militia fires on and bayonetsrock-throwing strikers and sympathetic citizens, who retaliate by destroying 39buildings, as well as 104 locomotives and 1245 freight and passenger carsstretching over three miles long, though militia in nearby Lebanon and Altoonaside with strikers and give up their arms, and some militia in Pittsburgh alsorefuse to fight, one saying hed rather shoot president of company—49 killed,29+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 23, 1877, Reading, Pennsylvania/i>—b>ReadingRailroad Massacre Massacre (Great Railroad Strike of 1877 at Reading)/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Corporate officials, not governmentofficials, summon state militia to fire on strikers and their sympathizersblocking railroad tracks because company is two months in arrears of payingwages—10 killed (including five local police officers), 40 (another source saidmore than 24) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 25, 1877, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Great RailroadStrike of 1877 at Chicago/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Afterspeech by Albert Parsons, later executed as one of Haymarket Five, calling fornationalization of railroads, national guard and federal troops fire onconfrontational strikers, who retaliate by wounding their attackers anddestroying buildings and equipment—20 killed, 40+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 25, 1877, Shamokin, Pennsylvania/i>—b>ShamokinUprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantes fire on riotingstrikers who had turned down offers for public assistance—2 killed, 12 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1042 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:196.6pt; z-index:10;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-56 0 -56 21518 21600 21518 21600 0 -56 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image042.jpg o:title18 - Rock Springs Massacre/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height262src./index_files/image043.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1042>!endif>i>July25, 1877, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Turner Hall Raid/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police attack German furniture workersin their union hall—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 25, 1877, New York City, New York/i>—b>1877Speeches At Tompkins Square Park/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police charge 20,000 spectators with billy clubs who had gathered tohear left-leaning speeches, last speakers last words being, "Whatever wepoor men may not have, we have free speech, and no one can take it fromus"—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 25-6, 1877, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Battle of theViaduct/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>U.S. troops and localpolice suppress uprising of German furniture workers and sympathizers avengingTurner Hall Raid—30 killed, 113 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 28, 1877, East St. Louis, Missouri/i>—b>GreatRailroad Strike of 1877 at East St. Louis/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Federal troops and deputized special police fire on railroad strikers incollusion with St. Louis Workingman’s Party, who had joined railroad workers toform first general strike in U.S.—18+ killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 18, 1878, Coal Creek, Indiana/i>—b>Union Attackon/b> b>Coal Creek Replacement Workers/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking coal miners kill African-American replacement workers, one shotto death in drunken argument in saloon, and two more killed in street afterward—3killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list ofworkers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>1880s,Hudson Valley, New York/i>—b>New York/b> b>Anti-Rent War continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deputy sheriff trying to evict indebtedfarmer is shotgunned to death—1 killed, 0 wounded Zinn, p. 214/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 2, 1885, Rock Springs, Wyoming/i>—b>RockSprings Massacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Race riot as wellas labor dispute, and mentioned by President Grover Cleveland in his State ofthe Union address, European-American coal miners, well-known but acquittedanyway, attack Chinese coal miners for their willingness to accept lower wage,and perhaps also for their use as strikebreakers in 1875 railroad strike, someby scalping, branding, castrating, bobbitizing, dismembering, decapitating, orhanging from gutter spouts, and destroying a total 95 of their homes—28 killed,15 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1122 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:174.65pt;height:244.1pt; z-index:45;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image044.jpg o:title17/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width233 height325src./index_files/image044.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1122>!endif>i>May4, 1885, Lemont, Illinois/i>—b>Lemont Quarry Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking foreign quarrymen and their spousesthrow stones at state militia, who respond by firing their guns into crowd—2killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list ofworkers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 3, 1886, Fort Worth, Texas/i>—b>Great SouthwestRailroad Strike of 1886 at Fort Worth/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers opposed to railroad owner Jay Gould, who quips, "I canhire one half of the working class to kill the other half," kill onedeputy and wound two others—1 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 8, 1886, St Louis, Missouri/i>—b>Great SouthwestRailroad Strike of 1886 at St Louis/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Non-union switchman and private watchman kill striker, and Zinn, p.269 nine young men recruited as marshals refuse to oppose strike so are arrestedand jailed for three months for defrauding company—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 9, 1886, East St Louis, Illinois/i>—b>GreatSouthwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at East St Louis/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Guards fire into crowd of striking switchmenand kill six, and crowd subsequently sets Louisville and Nashville depotrailroad yard on fire—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 26, 1886, Wyandotte, Kansas/i>—b>Great SouthwestRailroad Strike of 1886 at Wyandotte/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sabotage derails freight train that kills two non-striking workers, andsix unionists are charged with crime on evidence of informer—2 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 3, 1886, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Haymarket Shooting/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire on unarmed McCormickHarvesting Machine plant workers striking against 15% wage cuts while companyowners profit 71%—4 (another source said 2) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 4, 1886, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Haymarket Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In retaliation for Haymarket Shooting,unknown assailant explodes bomb in crowd of police officers at workers rally, woundingor killing many, and police respond by shooting into crowd listening toworkers leaders speeches, wounding or killing many—12 killed, 259 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 5, 1886, Milwaukee, Wisconsin/i>—b>Bayview Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guard, on shoot-to-kill order fromstate governor, and aware of yesterday’s attack on police officers in Chicago’sHaymarket Square, fires on unarmed, peaceful strikers amalgamated from variousbuilding trades, cigar makers, brewery workers, and Polish laborers, and theirfamilies, killing 13-year-old boy and others, i>The Milwaukee Journal/i>commending state governor for his quick action—15 killed (another source said9, and another source said 7), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 4, 1886, New York City, New York/i>—b>New YorkStreetcar Conductors Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thousands of striking streetcar conductors and their sympathizers arebeat down by local police until, in words of i>Sun/i> periodical, "Menwith broken scalps were crawling off in all directions"—X killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1043 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:189.75pt;height:308.5pt; z-index:11;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-88 0 -88 21546 21600 21546 21600 0 -88 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image045.jpg o:title19 - Haymarket Hanged Men/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width253 height411src./index_files/image046.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1043>!endif>i>November5, 1887, Pattersonville, Louisiana/i>—b>Pattersonville Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guardsmen and sheriffs possespanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>shoot mostly African-American sugar caneworkers on strike organized by the Knights of Labor—20 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 22, 1887, Thibodaux, Louisiana/i>—b>ThibodauxMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantes shootfleeing and unarmed, predominantly African-American sugar cane workers onstrike organized by Knights Of Labor, and hang their leaders—37 (another sourcesaid 300) killed, 200+ (hundreds" Zinn, p 274) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 10-11, 1887, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Executionof Haymarket Five/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State ofIllinois on flimsy evidence hangs four worker activists, and fifth commitssuicide before he is hanged, in retaliation for Haymarket bombing, thoughclosest one is mile and half away at time of explosion, one of the condemnedexclaiming, "The time will come when our silence will be more powerfulthan the voices you strangle today," all of them singing the Marseillaiseof the French revolution, 25,000 outraged citizens attending their funeralprocession, Illinois Governor granting full pardon to remaining defendants injail, wife of one of executed persuading craftsman/painter/poet William Morristo write poem “May Day” in their honor, writer George Bernard Shaw chiming inthat if the world had to lose eight persons, then they should be the IllinoisSupreme Court, and entire world starting annual tradition of May Daycelebrations in their remembrance, though President Grover Cleveland tries todiffuse the international flavor of this tradition by arbitrarily choosingSeptember 1 to be America’s own private Labor Day, and later U.S. Congressdeclares May Day instead to be “Loyalty Day,” and Governor Nelson Rockefeller,whose grandfather slaughtered striking miners and their families in LudlowMassacre, adds that traditional May Day “borders on treason”—5 killed, 0wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1889, Delhi, Louisiana/i>—b>Delhi Farmers Uprising/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Group of farmers destroys merchants shops"to cancel their farmers indebtedness"—X killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p 285/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September, 1891, Lee County, Arkansas/i>—b>CottonPickers Strike of 1891/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>ColoredFarmers National Alliance strike against cotton fields becomes violent, andafter plant manager is killed and cotton gin burned, strikers are hunted downand many of them killed—16 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 3, 1891, Morewood, Pennsylvania/i>—b>MorewoodMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deputized members ofnational guard fire into crowd of striking miners as they march with brass bandtowards company store of H. C. (Henry Clay) Frick Coke Company—9 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 25, 1891, Lee County, Arkansas/i>—b>LeeCounty Cotton Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>StrikingAfrican-American cotton pickers kill two non-striking workers and oneplantation manager before being lynched by European-American—18 killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 6, 1892, Homestead, Pennsylvania/i>—b>HomesteadStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking against 72-hourwork week that causes fatal accident, iron and steel workers, with manysympathizers from nearby town, shoot out with hired guards from securitycompany that has more arms and men than entire U.S. military, on bargesattempting to debark at Carnegie mill, 4sup>th/sup>-of-July fireworks and a20-pound canon being in strikers’ arsenal, and severely beat guards whosurrender, Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice in league with mill owners filingbogus treason charges against strikers, outraging legal scholars, and promptingstate prosecutors to refuse to prosecute, and strikers are acquitted of allcriminal charges by sympathetic juries—18 (another source said 16, and anothersource said 9) killed, 31 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1123 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:352.5pt;height:245.25pt; z-index:46;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image047.jpg o:title20x - narrow - Frick And Berkman/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width470 height327src./index_files/image047.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1123>!endif>i>July11, 1892, Coeur D’Alene, Idaho/i>—b>Frisco and Gem Mine Strikes/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reacting against reduction in wages,increase in days to seven a week, and company spies infiltrating their union,striking miners attack mines and their guards with gunfire and bombs, andfollowing year organize radical Western Federation of Miners union—6 killed, 17wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 23, 1892, Homestead, Pennsylvania/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Henry Clay Frick/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Alexander Berkman, anarchist boyfriend of anarchist journal “MotherEarth” founder Emma Goldman, entering Carnegie Steel Plant on pretext ofrepresenting company of strikebreakers, shoots twice and stabs twice, beforehimself is beat unconscious, Carnegie Steel executive who had authorized shootingof strikers at Homestead Strike, alreadyclara hated for his avoiding lawsuitsfrom families of 2000 working class citizens killed by flood in Johnstowncaused by neglect and collapse of this executive’s hunting and fishing club’sprivate dam—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 15, 1892, Buffalo, New York/i>—b>BuffaloSwitchmens Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York StateLegislature passes law mandating ten-hour workday and minimum wages, but LehighValley Railroad, Erie Railroad, and Buffalo Creek Railroad refuse to obey newlaw, so Switchmens Mutual Association strikes against them, burning andblowing up railroad cars, but rather than obey new law, New York Governor sendsin 8000 troops to protect railroad property, three of whom are injured on thisday by exploding railcar, so army general in charge orders imprisoning andbeating all strikers—0 killed, 3+ wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 16, 1894, Cripple Creek, Colorado/i>—b>CrippleCreek Miner’s Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikingminers capture six sheriff’s deputies—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 21, 1894, Forsyth, Montana/i>—b>Hoganites inCoxey’s March/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in JackLondon’s story “Two Thousand Stiffs,” protestors organized by Jacob Coxey andCharles Kelly march to DC throughout March and April without violence untilWilliam Hogan’s band commandeers a train—X killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 5-10, 1894, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Pullman Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After railroad workers, striking againstrefusal of company town to decrease rents after decreasing wages, led byfounder of American Railway Union and future presidential candidate EugeneDebs, burn railroad cars and seven buildings at World’s Columbian Exposition,federal and state troops fire on them, though afterwards Illinois Supreme Courtfinds company towns paternalism un-American and forcibly annexes town toChicago—34 killed (another source said 13), 57 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 25, 1894, Cripple Creek, Colorado/i>—b>CrippleCreek Miner’s Strike continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miners shoot out with sheriff deputies fleeing explosions ofmines being blown up—2 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1097 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:251.55pt; z-index:35;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-62 0 -62 21522 21600 21522 21600 0 -62 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image048.jpg o:title21 - Cripple Creek Gattling Gun - 90/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height335src./index_files/image049.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1097>!endif>i>June,1894, Telluride, Colorado/i>—b>Cripple Creek Miner’s Strike at Cripple Creekand Telluride/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Company financedarmy of 1300 men, no longer under sheriff’s control, assault whole towns fortheir sympathy with strikers, arresting and imprisoning hundreds, punching,kicking and clubbing them in their homes, and forcing others to walk throughgauntlet of spitting, slapping, and kicking, until Governor sends state militiato contain them, marking first time any state militia is sent out in supportof, rather than against, strikers—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 12, 1895, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>1895 NewOrleans Dockworkers Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>UnionizedEuropean-American dockworkers shoot non-union African-American dockworkers todeath—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 21, 1896, Leadville, Colorado/i>—b>LeadvilleMiner’s Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking minersarmed with guns and dynamite confront armed replacement workers at twodifferent mines, but failing to attain successes of Cripple Creek strike,miners union leaves American Federation of Labor (AFL), and after Colorado CoalField War of 1903-4, helps form the more radical Industrial Workers of theWorld (IWW)—5+ killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 10, 1897, Hazelton, Pennsylvania/i>—b>LattimerMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheriff’s deputies, wellknown but acquitted anyway, locally-born Protestants deputized for just thispurpose, after beating unarmed and peaceful striking miners, foreign-bornCatholics who had come in as strikebreakers but organized themselves, breakingone man’s arm, shoot them, making fun of their European ancestry, some deputiesnot even helping the wounded, and outrage over this slaughter establishesconvention of using only national guard to breakup strikes, though nationalguard in Ludlow Massacre commits similar atrocities—25 killed, 37 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 12, 1898, Virden, Illinois/i>—b>Battle ofVirden/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Immortalized in laborleader Mother Jones’ burial request, “Will the miners see that I get a restingplace in the same clay that shelters the miners who gave up their lives on thehills of Virden, Illinois. . . I hope it will be my consolation when I passaway to feel I sleep under the clay with those brave boys,” in ten-minutebattle one guard describes, in reference to Spanish-American War then raging,as “hotter than San Juan Hill,” striking miners in open field shoot out withguards on train who were attempting to debark strikebreakers, whom had beenlied to that miners they would replace had left to fight in war—12 killed(another source said 11, and another source said 8), 47 (other sources havewidely different numbers) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 10, 1899, Pana, Illinois/i>—b>Pana Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In confrontation between European-Americanunion miners, African-American union miners, and African-American non-unionminers, when European-American miner is thought to have been killed byAfrican-American miner, conflict erupts—7 killed, 28 wounded number of woundedfrom Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1047 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:252pt;height:235.8pt; z-index:12;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-67 0 -67 21529 21600 21529 21600 0 -67 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image050.jpg o:title23 - Bunker Hill bombed - 400 pix/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width336 height314src./index_files/image051.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1047>!endif>i>April29, 1899, Coeur D’Alene, Idaho/i>—b>Bunker Hill Mine Bombing/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reacting against firing of union miners,wages at three-quarters of next lowest in district (despite having paid out$600,000 in dividends to investors), seven-day work week, and workers needinglocal sheriff’s approval to seek job elsewhere, striking miners seize train,pick up other miners and 3000 pounds of dynamite, then 250 men drive their“Dynamite Express” to mine to blow it up, though mine later reopens withworking conditions unchanged—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1899-1900, Coeur D’Alene, Idaho/i>—b>Bunker Hill MinePrison Camp/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In retaliation forBunker Hill Mine Bombing, state authorities, without hearings or formalcharges, imprison all males in area, including doctor, preacher, postmaster,school superintendent, and two county commissioners and local sheriff whom theyremove from power, and later an editor whose newspaper had criticized the camp,under harsh conditions in makeshift barn or homemade bullpen, 600 for more thatone year, never charged, which, along with 1902 Colorado legislature ignoringunion-sponsored referendum for 8-hour workday that passed with support of 72%of electorate, and which President Theodore Roosevelt referred to as a “graveerror” on the part of Colorado not to “obey the will of the people and pass theeight-hour law,” persuaded Western Federation of Miners union that America wasin antidemocratic class war that could be won only by striking—3 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 30, 1899, Lauderville, Illinois/i>—b>FirstConflict in Illinois Coal Wars/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Train carrying African-American miners is attacked, killing woman, andthough attackers are well known, they are acquitted anyway—1 killed, 20 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 17, 1899, Carterville, Illinois/i>—b>SecondConflict in Illinois Coal Wars/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African-American non-union miners are attacked in riot, and thoughattackers are well known, they are acquitted anyway—5 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May to September, 1900, St Louis, Missouri/i>—b>StLouis Streetcar Strike of 1900/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Owner of streetcar company summarily fires all employees for organizingand replaces them with volunteers from police force, resulting in four monthsof deadly strike violence, including one incident on June 10 when 2500-memberstrong posse shoots strikers returning from picnic—14 killed, 200 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>i>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 3, 1901, Telluride, Colorado/i>—b>Smuggler-UnionMine Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After shootout,assistant company manager Arthur Collins submits to union demands to shutdownmine operations using nonunion miners, and year later he is killed by shotgunblast through window into his house—4 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 30 - October 2, 1901, San Francisco, California/i>—b>SanFrancisco Waterfront Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Waterfront workers strike, triggering sympathy strikes !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1110 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:294pt;height:237pt;z-index:40;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image052.jpg o:title24 - Assassination Mckinley/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width392 height316src./index_files/image052.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1110>!endif>frombakers, sailors, and other labor groups, and leaving hundreds of shipsunloaded—4 killed, 250 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 6, 1901, Buffalo, New York/i>—b>Assassinationof William McKinley/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassin LeonCzolgosz, acting, he thinks, to rectify the inequality that allows the rich toexploit the poor, shoots President of United States—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 29, 1901, Auburn, New York/i>—b>Execution ofLeon Czolgosz/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Morbidly captured onfilm, State of New York electrocutes President McKinley’s assassin, whose lastwords are, “I killed the president because he was the enemy of the goodpeople—the working people.”—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1902, Paterson, New Jersey/i>—b>Paterson Silk Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire on unarmed striking silkworkers, wounding in face Luigi Galleani, which radicalizes him to foundultra-violent, bomb-making group called "Galleanists"—X killed, 1+wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 12, 1902, Pana, Illinois/i>—b>Anthracite CoalStrike of 1902/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards attackstriking miners, prompting President Theodore Roosevelt to intervene andarbitrate, becoming the first U.S. President ever to side with workers in alabor dispute, winning for them both pay increase and reduction of hours, andacquiring his administration nickname “The Square Deal”—14 killed, 22 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 25, 1903, Stanaford, West Virginia/i>—b>Battleof Stanaford/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>US Deputy Marshall,County Sheriff, and Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency lead early-morning posseinto town to arrest strikers for ignoring court injunction but end up shootingminers, many of whom are still sleeping, including three black men in theirfamily home and three white men elsewhere, Mother Jones afterward visitingStanaford to comfort mourning families and writing about experience, andRaleigh County Judge BF Keller exonerating murderers because they were"trying to execute a lawful arrest"—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1903, Idaho Springs, Colorado/i>—b>Idaho SpringsStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Explosion in mine workedonly by strikebreakers, indicating explosion is caused by union bomb,inexplicably kills union miner, and thus prompts employer’s associationillegally to take over civil government to expel 23 union miners from town—1killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December, 1903, Teller County, Colorado/i>—b>MartialLaw In Teller County/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After mineowners are found guilty in court of sabotaging train to blame it on union, andexplosion at Vindicator mine occurs under similarly !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1049 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:233.25pt;z-index:13;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-55 0 -55 21526 21600 21526 21600 0 -55 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image053.jpg o:title25 - Independence-Depot-1904 - 350/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height311src./index_files/image054.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1049>!endif>dubiouscircumstance, former mine manager who heads national guard in Coloradonevertheless declares martial law, suspending constitutional rights of freespeech, free assembly, and bearing arms, and his forces shoot an unaffiliatedlawyer who refuses to give up his gun—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 6, 1904, Independence, Colorado/i>—b>Vengeance for/b>b>Explosion at Independence Depot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified mine explosion—although one militia sergeant testifies thatmine owner’s gunmen killed someone to keep him quiet about it—causes mine ownersto force 30 public officials to resign and replace them with their ownanti-union colleagues, and when secretary of mine owners organization giveshate speech, crowd shoots indiscriminately into crowd of union members, chasingthem into union hall, and continues to fire on them until they surrender, thendestroys union hall and loots union co-ops, and deports 230 union miners acrossstate lines, for which union in 1909 receives $60,000 in damages from Coloradostate legislature—3 killed, 7 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 8, 1904, Eight Miles South of Victor, Colorado/i>—b>Attackon Victor Prospectors/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>130 membersof national guard attack fifteen union prospectors—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 8, 1904, Dunnville, Colorado/i>—b>DunnvilleMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colorado militia fireson, imprisons, and deports lightly armed, striking miners—6 killed (anothersource said 1), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 18, 1904, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>AmalgamatedMeat Cutters First Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African-American strikebreakers, while attempting to round up straycattle, are pelted with rocks by some in crowd of 4000 striking union members,causing 150 policemen to form cordon to protect them—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April-July, 1905, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>1905 ChicagoTeamsters Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>What begins as Teamsterssympathy strike for National Tailors Association striking against MontgomeryWard, whose goods Teamsters haul, ends up as all-out no-holds-barred effort byChicago Employers Association to crush Teamsters Union—21 killed, 416 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 10, 1905, New York City, New York/i>—b>FedermansBakery Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>i>New York Tribune/i>reports that, after strikers rough up two policeman, "Policemen smashedheads right and left with their nightsticks"—0 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p 324-5/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1151 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:223.5pt;height:162.75pt; z-index:61;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image055.jpg o:title25/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width298 height217src./index_files/image055.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1151>!endif>i>February19, 1907, Milwaukee, Wisconsin/i>—b>Death of Peter J. Cramer/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thugs hired by Allis-Chalmers company beatto death strike leader of International Molders Union—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 7, 1907, San Francisco, California/i>—b>SanFrancisco Streetcar Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Notorious strikebreaker James A. Farleys men shoot out with strikers—2killed, 20 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1908-9, Spokane, Washington/i>—b>Spokane Free SpeechFight/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After city passes loopholelegislation allowing religious groups to be exempted from the city’s newanti-free speech laws, IWW union resists those laws by flooding public speakingarea with new speakers every time one is arrested, and though famous IWWspokeswoman Elizabeth Gurley Flynn delays her arrest by chaining herself tolamppost, she too is arrested, and when she reports in IWW magazine on policeraping woman prisoners, police try to suppress story by destroying every copyof magazine—X killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 25, 1908, Stearns, Kentucky/i>—b>Battle atMcFerrin Hotel/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>US Marshalls tryingto arrest strike leader burn down hotel and shoot striking coal miners—2killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list ofworkers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 22, 1909, McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania/i>—b>PressedSteel Car Strike of 1909/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Privatesecurity agents and state police shootout with striking steel workers—26(another source said 12) killed, 50+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Fall, 1909, New York City, New York/i>—b>Uprising of20,000/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strike of 20,000 garmentworkers begins with spontaneous walkout at Triangle Shirtwaist Company, whichis only company in district never to sign contract with workers, and whichhires local prostitutes as replacement workers to show its contempt forstrikers, and which hires thugs who break six ribs of activist Clara Lemlich,and which in March 1911 is site of fire that kills 146 workers locked in toprevent unauthorized breaks—though locked doors will cause more deaths, 168, infire at Speculator Mine near Butte in June 1917— which inspires creation ofAmerican Society Of Safety Engineers in New York City seven months later, and whichmoves eyewitness Frances Perkins to dedicate her life to helping workers andleads her eventually to become first female head of Federal Department ofLabor, !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1085 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:306pt;height:222.55pt; z-index:30;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-53 0 -53 21527 21600 21527 21600 0 -53 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image056.jpg o:title26 - LATimes Building/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width408 height297src./index_files/image057.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1085>!endif>andthough owners are acquitted in criminal trial, their lawyers arguing thatworkers’ statements must be rehearsed because they are in such perfectagreement, they lose civil trial, and so must pay $75 per killed worker, whichthey pay out of insurance payout of $400 per worker, so they profit $325 perkilled worker, and unlike owners of Bangladeshi garment factory convicted ofcriminal negligence for locking doors in January 2013 fire that kills seven,Triangle owners never show remorse, and one of them is arrested in 1913 foragain locking doors and fined only $20—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1910, Tampa, Florida/i>—b>Tampa Lynchings of 1910/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cigar bosses lynch five labor organizersthroughout 1910—5 killed, 0 wounded Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 10, 1910 to July 1,1911, Westmoreland County,Pennsylvania/i>—b> Westmoreland County Coal Strike of 1910–1911/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Also called "Slovak Strike,"because 70% of miners are Slovak, causing division among strikers because ofprejudice against foreigners, coal miners decide to strike despite not beingsanctioned by UMWA union, nearly all violence being committed by state andcompany deputies against usually unarmed miners or their families, killing moreminers wives than miners, with support of court, which jails local sheriffwhen he tries to prevent unprovoked attacks on strikers or their families, andalso imprisons miners wives and their children, who are raped by state andcompany deputies, but, being advised by Mother Jones, sing all night long untilthey are released from jail by urgings of sleep-deprived town—16 (anothersource said 15) killed, 30+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 18, 1910, Spokane, Washington/i>—b>Spokane FreeSpeech Fight continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police beatSamuel O. Chinn to death in jailhouse—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 5, 1910, Spokane, Washington/i>—b>Spokane FreeSpeech Fight continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Policemistreat FJ Ferry in jail—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 1, 1910, Los Angeles, California/i>—b>LosAngeles Times Bombing and Fire/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Because of anti-union stance of publisher, bridge ironworker unionist,whose union blows up 110 iron works between 1906 and 1911, bombs newspaperbuilding, starting fire—21 (another source said 20) killed, 100 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1125 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:195.75pt; z-index:48;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image058.jpg o:title27 - Illinois central 10-1 ICC strike - 80percent/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height261src./index_files/image058.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1125>!endif>i>December25, 1910, Los Angeles, California/i>—b>Llewellyn Iron Works Bombing/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Typographer unionist blows up building ofworkers on strike—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 9-13, 1911, Somerset, Kentucky/i>—b>SomersetRailroad Sniper Attacks/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Whencompany refuses demand of European-American firemen to fire African-Americanfiremen, the European-American firemen go on strike, and snipers kill nineAfrican-American firemen and two detectives on railroad cars over four days—11killed, 0 wounded Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1911, Holtville, California/i>—b>Spokane FreeSpeech Fight continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Henry Bordetdies of injuries sustained in Spokane Free Speech Fight—1 killed, 0 woundedIWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 3, 1911, McComb, Mississippi/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Infirst act of violence in Illinois Central shopmens strike of 1911, which lastsfor four years and inspires Joe Hill to write his song, "Casey Jonesspanstylefont-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>—/span>The Union Scab,"train full of strikebreakers exchanges gunfire and brick-throwing with 100strikers when train pulls into station—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 3, 1911, Cairo, Illinois/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking switchman killed by strikebreaker—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 3, 1911, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Southern Pacific guard is killed, perhaps by friendly fire by otherstrikebreakers—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 4, 1911, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikebreaker is killed—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 4, 1911, McComb, Mississippi/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Striker killed byspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>friendly fire from other strikers—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1139 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:235.5pt;height:220.5pt; z-index:54;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image059.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width314 height294src./index_files/image059.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1139>!endif>i>November25, 1911, Bakersfield, California/i>—b>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striker shot bystrikebreaker in saloon fight—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 5, 1911, Salt Lake City, Utah/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Striking carman shot by two Italian strikebreakers, who are lateracquitted of murder—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 16, 1911, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Non-striking shop worker shot while feeding his cats—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1912-1913, area about Paint Creek and Cabin Creek, WestVirginia/i>—b>West Virginia Mine War of 1912-1913 (Not Covered Below)/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Estimate of total number killed is 50—andcontemporary banker Fred Stanton estimates violence cost $100,000,000—minus ournumbers of killed given below for b>Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike/b> and b>PaintCreek-Cabin Creek Strike at Mucklow/b>—33 more killed, X more wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1912, San Diego, California/i>—b>San Diego Free SpeechFight/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW union resists localordinances passed to prevent them from speaking in public by flooding area withnew speakers every time one is arrested, but conditions in jail decline throughovercrowding, and police beat 63-year-old man to death on March 28, and IWWunionist on May 7, and vigilantes break mans leg in gauntlet of ax handles,and torture famous activist Ben Reitman with burning, tar and sage brush,sodomy with cane, and gauntlet of kicking (and kill baby with high pressurewater hose IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz)—3 killed, 2wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 17, 1912, McComb, Mississippi/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Five African-American strikebreakers are fired upon—3 killed, 2wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 25, 1912, Mojave, California/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Striking car inspector shot, and though several guards arearrested, none are charged—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 29, 1912, Lawrence, Massachusetts/i>—b>Death ofAnna LoPizzo/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire onstriking textile workers, striking woman who subsequently becomes symbol ofordinary harshness of life and death for immigrant workers, and then falselyblame her death on strike leaders, three miles away at time, whom prosecutorscall “social vultures” and “labor bastards” but !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1124 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:240pt;height:206.25pt;z-index:47;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image060.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width320 height275src./index_files/image060.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1124>!endif>neverformally accuse of the murder for which they are arrested and jailed for eightmonths—1 killed, 1 wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 30, 1912, Spokane, Washington/i>—b>IWW Death ofJohn Ramey/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking textile workerdies after having been bayoneted in back on January 15 by militiaman—1 killed,0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 24, 1912, Lawrence, Massachusetts/i>—b>Lawrence“Bread And Roses” Textile Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Named after poem by James Oppenheim, after court sentences 36 strikers,protesting against, among other things, inadequate company medical care killing36% of workers by age twenty-five and 50% of workers’ children by age six, toone year in jail just for breaking windows, judge stating that only way toteach them is by severest sentences, though man who had planted dynamite toframe strikers is only fined and released, and company owner who likely hadpaid him is not investigated or charged at all, local police club multinationalwomen and children, led by “Mother” Mary Harris Jones, “the most dangerouswoman in America,” and, along with Paterson Silk Strike of 1913, organized byradical IWW union that Jones had helped found, attracting attention of FirstLady Helen Taft, and through her President Taft, forcing companies tocapitulate to strikers’ demands—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 18, 1912, San Antonio, Texas/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Locomotive boiler explodes in suspected sabotage—30 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 7, 1912,/i> i>Merryville, Louisiana/i>—b>GrabowRiot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In parish later carried bysocialist candidate Eugene Debs’ bid for U.S. Presidency, who receives 913,693nationwide votes even though he is thrown in jail by his incumbent opponent inthat race, President Woodrow Wilson, for exercising his First Amendment rightto speak out against WWI, and whose vice-presidential candidate quips thatpeople did not throw eggs at them any more because eggs had become tooexpensive, owners, family, and friends of a small lumber mill fire on strikingworkers, who fire back, but owners prevail and later destroy strikers’headquarters and soup kitchen—4 killed, 50 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 3, 1912, Merryville, Louisiana/i>—b> IWWDeath of Phillip “Joe” Ferro/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Innocent bystander shot during continuation of Grabow Riot—1 killed, 0wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1054 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:306pt;height:227.55pt; z-index:14;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-51 0 -51 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -51 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image061.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width408 height303src./index_files/image062.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1054>!endif>i>September25, 1912, Merryville, Louisiana/i>—b> IWW Death of Charles “Leather Britches”Smith/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot by deputy sheriff asfugitive from Grabow Riot—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 22, 1912, Lawrence, Massachusetts/i>—b> IWWDeath of Jonas Smolskas/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Beaten todeath for wearing IWW pin—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1913-1914, Colorado/i>—b>Colorado Coalfield War (NotCovered Below)/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colorado governmentreport lists total number of killed in all skirmishes at 69, but correspondingreport from Rockefeller company lists 199, minus numbers of killed given belowfor b>Ludlow Massacre/b>, b>Assassination of Louis Tikas/b>, and b>Revengefor Assassination of Louis Tikas/b>—147 more killed, X more wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1913, Paint Creek, West Virginia/i>— b>PaintCreek-Cabin Creek Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mineguards machinegun striking miners’ tents from armored train, “Bull MooseSpecial,” rolling through their tent colony—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February X, 1913, Mucklow (present Gallagher), WestVirginia/i>—b>Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike at Mucklow/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miners attack mine guard encampmentin revenge for attack from Bull Moose Special—16 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 17, 1913, Paterson, New Jersey/i>—b>Paterson SilkStrike of 1913/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Private guardshoots innocent bystander—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 24, 1913, Hopedale, Massachusetts/i>—b>DraperCompany Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One picketer iskilled during strike at automatic loom company—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 7, 1913, Wilson Creek, Washington/i>—b>UnidentifiedIWW Death at Wilson Creek/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified man stoned and beaten to death while fighting scabs—1killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1140 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:244.5pt;height:201.75pt; z-index:55;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image063.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width326 height269src./index_files/image063.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1140>!endif>i>June10, 1913, Ipswich, Massachusetts/i>—b>IWW Death of Nicoletta Pantelopoulou/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Innocent bystander shot by police duringHosiery Mill Strike—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you,DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>June11-15, 1913, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>United Fruit Company Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire on striking maritimeworkers—2 (another source said 1) killed IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you,DJ Alperovitz, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July13 (another source said June 29), 1913, Paterson, NewJersey/i>—b>Paterson Silk Strike of 1913 continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikebreaker shoots striking worker—1killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 3, 1913,Wheatland, California/i>—b>Wheatland HopRiot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In attempt to stop unionizingspeech by International Workers of the World (IWW) in open field toagricultural workers, who are forced to sleep without covering in fields anddrink tainted field water or else pay company for clean water, local policefire on crowd of listening agricultural workers who fight back, killingdistrict attorney, then charge IWW speaker, who was preaching nonviolence whenpolice arrived and started shooting, as well as other innocent IWW leaders infaraway areas of state, with district attorneys murder, though incidentactually leads to improved conditions for agricultural workers throughoutnation—4 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late August, 1913, Seeberville, Michigan/i>—b>SeebervilleMurders/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards shoot twounarmed striking miners for trespassing—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 4, 1913, Missoula, Montana/i>—b>IWW Death ofJames Donovan/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Died from woundssustained on picket line when shot by scab on June 17th—1 killed, 0 woundedIWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>October23, 1913, Calumet, Michigan/i>—b>Parade at Calumet/b>—Striking miners inparade armed with clubs battle with deputies—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1055 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:297pt;height:229.45pt;z-index:15;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-53 0 -53 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -53 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image064.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width396 height306src./index_files/image065.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1055>!endif>i>November,1913, Indianapolis, Indiana/i>—b>Indianapolis Streetcar Strike of 1913/b>—Strikebreaks out in riots that are so violent that police refuse to intervene, sogovernor calls in National Guard, who remain in place till angry crowdsurrounds Indiana Statehouse demanding that military leave and strikers needsbe addressed, resulting in new state minimum wage, maximum hours, and workersafety laws, and sheriff resigns after forced by mayor to accept back mutinouspolice officers, and mayor resigns after threatened by city council withimpeachment for supporting police mutiny—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>i>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 7, 1913, Painesdale, Michigan/i>—b>PainesdaleMurders/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miners shootindiscriminately into boarding house used by strikebreakers, accidentally alsohitting an adjacent house where a 13-year-old girl is wounded—3 killed, 1wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 24, 1913, Calumet, Michigan/i>—b>Italian HallDisaster/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in song byWoody Guthrie, after weeks of property damage and non-lethal fighting betweenstriking copper miners and national guard troops brought in by mine owners, aswell as related lethal fighting at Seeberville and Painesdale, unknownassailant(s), popularly believed to be company agent(s), starts stampede bylocking doors and shouting “fire” at striking workers’ Christmas party—73killed (including 59 children), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 25, 1913, Los Angeles, California/i>—b>IWWDeath of Rafael Adames/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot bypolice breaking up meeting of unemployed—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List OfKilled Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 26, 1913, Calumet, Michigan/i> —b>Attack onCharles Moyer/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After president ofWestern Federation of Miners blames company-backed Citizens Alliance forItalian Hall Disaster, Alliance shoots him in back and deports him, and thoughhe lives and returns to sue his attackers, they are acquitted—0 killed, 1wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 30, 1913, Clinton, Illinois/i>—b>IllinoisCentral shopmens strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Railroad official is lured into station and assaulted bystrikebreaker but manages to shoot him—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 21, 1914, Trinidad, Colorado/i>—b>Trampling ofWomen at Trinidad/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When women andchildren protesting arrest of 77-year-old Mother Jones—who in her lifetimespends more time in jail and in more places than any other worker activist,even being threatened with execution, although all she ever did was talk, byWest Virginia military tribunal (same state that exonerates clear murderers ofSid Hatfield), but public outcry saves her—ridicule the horsemanship of mountedColorado militia leader, he orders his mounted troops to trample them down—0killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1056 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:306pt;height:200.25pt; z-index:16;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-50 0 -50 21524 21600 21524 21600 0 -50 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image066.jpg o:title30 - Ludlow Death Special - m30-ludl-deat-480/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width408 height267src./index_files/image067.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1056>!endif>i>April20, 1914, Ludlow, Colorado/i>—b>Ludlow Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Guards hired by John D. Rockefeller, inRockefeller-outfitted train, “Death Special,” machinegun and burn strikers’tents with striking mine workers’ families still in them, and five decadeslater this legacy hurts presidential campaign of grandson Nelson Rockefeller,who himself also had authorized Attica Prison Massacre of 1971—19 (anothersource said 17) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>April 20, 1914, Ludlow, Colorado—b>Assassination of LouisTikas/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guard beats andthen shoots captured Greek immigrant labor leader in the back, and thenexecutes two of his associates, and leaves their dead bodies exposed for severaldays—3 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 20-30, 1914, Colorado/i>—b>Revenge forAssassination of Louis Tikas/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miners attack mines with bullets and fire to avenge the LudlowMassacre and assassination of Louis Tikas—30 killed, X wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 13, 1914, Butte, Montana/i>—b>Butte Miner’s HallBombing/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bosses from Anaconda mine,owned by John D. Rockefeller, whose other mining company just two monthsearlier slaughters striking miners in Ludlow, Colorado, agitate town residents,with support from national guard, though in some accounts it is minersthemselves acting against complacency of their own union, to push mayor outsecond story window, shoot up mediation meeting, blow up union hall, andoverthrow local socialist government—1 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 4, 1914, New York City, New York/i>—b>LexingtonAvenue Bombing/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galleanist bombersintending to kill John D. Rockerfeller in retaliation for, according tohistorian/philosopher Will Durant, his part in Ludlow Massacre, explode theirbomb prematurely—4 killed, 24 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 12, 1914, Hartford, Arkansas/i>—b>Hartford CoalMine Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After hired guards fireon their homes, striking miners destroy mine equipment with fire and floods,and shoot replacement workers on way to testify before grand jury—2 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 3, 1914, Poplar and Wolf Point, Massachusetts/i>—b>IWWFight to Obtain Food in Montana/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>AJGiantvalley, and two other IWW members 21 miles away, are shot while trying toseize food—3 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJAlperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1058 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:229.1pt; z-index:17;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-55 0 -55 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -55 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image068.jpg o:title32 - Roosevelt - 1915riot/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height305src./index_files/image069.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1058>!endif>i>January15, 1915, Cateret, New Jersey/i>—b>Liebig Fertilizer Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police open fire on strikers at Williams& Clark Fertilizing Company just because they stop train to check forstrikebreakers—5 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 25, 1915, Roosevelt, New Jersey/i>—b>RooseveltStrike Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Following riot atAmerican Agricultural Chemical company, deputies fire on unarmed strikingworkers—2 killed, 20 (another source said 18) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1915, Arlington, Kansas/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Death ofBJ Bradley/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Beaten and strangledwhile organizing harvest workers—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 20-28, 1915, Bayonne, New Jersey/i>—b>BayonneRefinery Strike of 1915/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Afterpolice kill striker during riots among striking Polish refinery workers, police,and several hundred women, mob attempts to burn Standard Oil refinery—5 killed,5 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 2, 1915, Masenna, New York/i>—b>Mellon AluminumMill Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National Guardbayonets workers who had taken over aluminum mill, killing leader—1 killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 31, 1915, Salt Lake City, Utah/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof “Doc” Roy Joseph Horton/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot byformer lawman for street speaking in support of soon-to-be executed Joe Hillsee next entry—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJAlperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 15, 1915, Salt Lake City, Utah/i>—b>Executionof Joe Hill/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In face of worldwidecondemnation, state of Utah on flimsy evidence executes by firing squadsinger/songwriter/worker activist, who had been forced to start work at agenine because of occupational death of his father, and portions of whosecremated ashes are mailed to every IWW local except in Utah, per his specificinstructions, in envelopes marked "Joe Hill murdered by the capitalistclass," and which are scattered to wind on May 1, 1916, except for portionmailed to Columbine, Colorado, which remains unopened until scattered overgraves of victims of 1927 Columbine Mine Massacre, and portion confiscated bygovernment in Palmer Raids of 1919-20, but recovered under Freedom OfInformation Act in 1980s—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January, 1916, East Youngstown, Ohio/i>—b>YoungstownStrike of 1916/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When sheet and tubecompany strikers gather at gate to protest smuggling in of strikebreakers,guards fire into crowd, sparking riot that burns six square blocks of city,which grand jury blame on guards—3 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 10, 1916, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Poisoning ofGeorge Mundelein’s Guests/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galleanist assistant chef puts arsenic into food of 100 upper classpeople at banquet for archbishop—0 killed, 100 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1115 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:225pt;height:193.5pt; z-index:41;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image070.jpg o:title32/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width300 height258src./index_files/image070.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1115>!endif>i>May,1916, Braddock, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Aborted Carnegie Steel Parade/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers at Carnegie Steel Company gather atgates of plant for prearranged parade, but guards fire on them from insideplant, hitting both strikers and bystanders—2 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June-September, 1916, Chisolm, Minnesota/i>—b>MesabiIron Range Strike of 1916/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In re-runof bloodless Mesabi Iron Range Strike of 1907, striking iron miners, supportedby IWW, clash with guards, but this time striker killed on June 26th, and guardand bystander killed on July 3rd—3 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths and IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 27, 1916, Redfield, South Dakota/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Frank Wells/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot during ashootout with anti-I.W.W. harvesters—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 22, 1916, San Francisco, California/i>—b>PreparednessDay Bombing/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Suspected unionist(s)or Galleanist(s) explode(s) bomb at parade celebrating entry of U.S. into WWIto protest “rich man’s war, poor man’s fight,” local court on flimsy evidencesentencing a local union leader to hang for it, even though he had preachedagainst the use of violence and warned that some others might use violence atparade anyway, and even though photograph proved he was nowhere near bomb whenit went off, until appeals court exonerates him on evidence of false testimonyat his trial, US President Theodore Roosevelt saying of prosecutor who had liedand conspired with head juror to convict union leader unjustly, "anyoneassailing this prosecutor for prosecuting anarchists should be deprived ofcitizenship"—10 killed (another source said 6), 40 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 13, 1916, Monievideo, Minnesota/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Henry Burk/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Flying Squad highlymobile group of union organizers trained for specific emergencies member shot duringan alleged “hi-jack”—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you,DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 10-13, 1916, Bayonne, New Jersey/i>—b>BayonneRefinery Strike of 1916/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Afterpolice shoot workmen charging police lines at Standard Oil Refinery, mobbesieges police headquarters and loot liquor stores, resulting in several moreshootings, including innocent woman killed while looking out her second storywindow—4 killed, 34 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1059 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:273.25pt; z-index:18;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-60 0 -60 21537 21600 21537 21600 0 -60 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image071.jpg o:title33 - Everett--Nov. 18, 1916--p.1/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height364src./index_files/image072.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1059>!endif>i>October30, 1916, Everett, Washington/i>—b>Vigilante Gauntlet at Everett/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantes force IWW speakers at millstrike to run gauntlet of whipping, tripping, kicking, and impaling on spikedcattle guard—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 5, 1916, Everett, Washington/i>—b>EverettMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200 citizen deputies fireon ship attempting to dock and debark IWW activists with such violence thatships wheelhouse alone is pierced with 175 bullet holes, nearly killing shipscaptain, who hid behind heavy metal safe, eventhough activists were only tryingto exercise their American right to freedom of speech, and activists firingback to protect themselves are charged with murder, eventhough deputies whodied might just as easily have been hit from friendly crossfire coming fromanother boat in harbor—7 killed, 47 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1917, Sapula, Oklahoma/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Death of “IWWJohn”/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Found dead morning aftersoapbox organizing—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you,DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 21, 1917, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Deathof Martinus Petkus/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One strikerkilled and many beaten in sugar mill strike—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths and IWWList Of Killed Members/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1917, Niagara Falls, New York/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Louis Jalleani/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I.W.W. organizershot by police during a “riot”—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May to July, 1917, East St. Louis, Missouri/i>—b>EastSt. Louis Riots/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Race riot as wellas labor dispute, European-American industrial workers for Aluminum Ore Companyand American Steel Company, fearing that influx of 2000 rural African-Americanworkers per week threatens jobs and wages, attack African-Americans andSouthern Railway Company property, and some African-Americans fight back—152(another source said 102, and another source said 42) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 31, 1917, Riverside, Oregon/i>—b>Death of George W.Shoemaker/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheep rancher shootsstrike negotiator—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths and IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 12, 1917, Virginia, Minnesota/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Nick Luona/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot in the back bypolice while being arrested as slacker—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1060 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:217.2pt; z-index:19;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-60 0 -60 21520 21600 21520 21600 0 -60 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image073.jpg o:title34 - Bispeedeportation02 narrow/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height290src./index_files/image074.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1060>!endif>i>July12, 1917, Bisbee, Arizona/i>—b>Bisbee Deportation/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miner (James H. Brew IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz) shoots sheriff deputy, and then is himselfshot moments later by other deputies, resisting his part in illegal kidnappingand deportation of 1286 striking miners and their sympathizers from Bisbee,Arizona to Hermanas, New Mexico—where President Woodrow Wilson moves them intotemporary shelters in nearby Columbus set up for refugees from Pancho VillaExpedition in Mexico—by posse of 2200 men, possibly largest ever assembled,following model one week earlier of deportation of 67 men from Jerome toNeedles, CA, but this time seizing telegraphs and telephones and preventingWestern Union and Associated Press from reporting kidnappings, and for monthsafterward preventing any person not personally approved by Sheriff fromentering, or reentering, Bisbee, including former workers, and setting stagefor later deportations without trial of suspected radicals to Russia after theAlien Act and Palmer Raids, Japanese to Internment camps during WWII, andmillions of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans ongoing—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 1, 1917, Butte, Montana/i>—b>Assassination ofFrank Little/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After future crimewriter, but then hired mine guard, Dashiell Hammett, in town he would latercall “Poisonville” in his novel “Red Harvest,” turns down company offer of$5000 to perform the deed, local vigilante group with calling card “3-7-77,”representing the dimensions of a gravesite, a group well-know but never chargedwith the crime, drags, beats, and hangs from a railroad trestle a small, one-eyedworker activist nursing a broken leg, who once was jailed 30 days for publiclyreading from Declaration of Independence—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 2-3, 1917, X, Oklahoma/i>—b>Green Corn Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Near birthplace of just-murdered workeractivist Frank Little, native Americans, at end of their Green Corn Ceremony,unite with local European-American farmers and poor African-Americans, and,spurred on by local unionists, arm themselves and begin long march onWashington, DC to protest war conscription of poor, but local vigilantes stopthem—8 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 8, 1917, Glencoe, Minnesota/i>—b>Unidentified IWW/b> b>Death of Man at Glencoe/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Shot during a shootout while “boxcar organizing”—1 killed, 0wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 8, 1917, Hawkinsville, Georgia/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathsof Mr and Mrs Thomas Simons/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Killedduring a draft resistance fight—2 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1141 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:170.25pt;height:244.5pt; z-index:56;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image075.jpg o:title34/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width227 height326src./index_files/image075.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1141>!endif>i>October4, 1917, Butte, Montana/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Death of Verner Nelson/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot twice in the chest for calling a scab a“scab”—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJAlperovitz/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 24, 1917, Milwaukee, Wisconsin/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of August Giuliana/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galleanist bomber(s) intending to kill evangelist kill(s) localpolicemen instead—10 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 30, 1918, Centralia, Washington/i>—b>CentraliaRed Cross Parade/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Men break offfrom parade to destroy IWW union hall along parade route and beat itsinhabitants, possibly assisted by thugs paid by lumber companies where IWW wasorganizing—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 28, 1917, Red Lodge, Montana/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Kaisa Kreeta Jackson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Innocentbystander shot during harassment of IWW members—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List OfKilled Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 18, 1918, Hillsboro, Illinois/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Lyle Clifford Donaldson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shotwhen mistaken for an I.W.W. by vigilantes—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List OfKilled Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 16, 1918, Old Forge, Pennsylvania/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Pasquale Marsico/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot whilecollecting for the I.W.W. Defense Fund—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 7, 1918, Isabella, California/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Fred Warn/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot in the head forbelonging to the I.W.W.—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 7, 1918, Isabella, California/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Fred Warn/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot in the head forbelonging to the I.W.W.—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 27 (or 28), 1919, Taunton (or Franklin),Massachusetts/i>—b>American Wool Company Bombing/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galleanist bombers, acting on February 1919Galleanist flyer entitled “Go-Head” calling for renewed bombing campaign,explode their bomb at wool workers’ strike prematurely, killing the bombers—4killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1142 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:226.5pt;height:194.25pt; z-index:57;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image076.jpg o:title34/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width302 height259src./index_files/image076.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1142>!endif>i>April15, 1919, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston Telephone Strike of 1919/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Female telephone operators and their male sympathizers,striking against lower pay for women, beat up students from Harvard and MITbrought in as strikebreakers, and local food service unionists refuse to servethem—0 killed, X wounded./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 29, 1919, Sandersville, Georgia/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Thomas Hardwick/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Along with delivery of flyer entitled “Plain Words” that begins, “War,class war . . .,” Galleanist bomber(s) intending to kill U.S. Senator blow(s)hands off housekeeper instead—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 1, 1919, Cleveland, Ohio/i>—b>May Day Riots of 1919/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>May Day marchers fight against United StatesLiberty (war) Bond workers—2 killed, 40 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 2, 1919, Washington, DC/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of A. Mitchell Palmer/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Along with delivery of Plain Words flyer, Galleanist bomber(s) blow(s)up U.S. Attorney General’s house, killing bomber and leading to crackdown onillegal immigration known as “Palmer Raids” —1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 2, 1919, New York City, New York/i>—b>Wounding ofJacob Isler/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local IWW presidentshoots local policeman in arm during raid on his IWW hall—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 3, 1919, New York City, New York/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Charles Nott/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Along with delivery of Plain Words flyer, Galleanist bomber(s) intendingto kill judge kill(s) nightwatchman instead—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 26, 1919, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Assassinationof Fannie Sellins/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards,well-known but acquitted anyway, shoot unarmed female worker activist, oncereleased from prison by intervention of US President Woodrow Wilson, and whoonce described her job as distributing "clothing and food to starvingwomen and babies, to assist poverty stricken mothers and bring children intothe world, and to minister to the sick and close the eyes of the dying,"because she intervenes to protect male striker from guards beating, though hedies anyway, and then those guards mock her dead body—2 killed 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1127 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:190.5pt;height:156pt; z-index:49;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image077.jpg o:title35 - Fanny Sellins Dead - resize - 9fed2528e5b72954fb467dc6e476fa5b/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width254 height208src./index_files/image077.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1127>!endif>i>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>September 9-11, 1919, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>BostonPolice Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Called “deserters”and “agents of Lenin,” police officers go on strike, so then-Governor andnext-President Calvin Coolidge sends in state guards to restore order, who useheavy-handed military tactics to put down crime and clash with strikingofficers, and police commissioner resolves strike by hiring all new officers underexact pay and working conditions demanded by old officers—9 killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 21, 1919 to January 8, 1920, locales inColorado, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia/i>—b>SteelStrike of 1919/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Multi-state strikeof steel mills leaves 18 strikers killed, hundreds wounded, and thousandsjailed—18 killed, 200+ woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 30 - October 1, 1919, Elaine, Arkansas/i>—b>ElaineMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Representatives from ProgressiveFarmers and Household Union of America meet in church to organize mostlyAfrican-American sharecroppers against mostly European-American farm owners,but owners confronting union are killed and locals from all around join in whatbecomes race riot—242 (other sources say 105) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 11, 1919, Centralia, Washington/i>—b>CentraliaMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>American Legionnairesmarching in parade celebrating first anniversary of Armistice Day, led by localfootball hero and veteran of anti-Bolshevik wars in Russia, along withprofessional thugs hired by president of Eastern Railway & Lumber Company,in what IWW members consider to be town-wide conspiracy, detour into IWW unionhall along parade route to wreak havoc as in Centralia Red Cross Parade a yearearlier, but this time IWW members fight back, and afterward one of theirjailed members is lynched, though local officials excuse his murder as"suicide"—6 killed (including imprisoned IWW man lynched), 5 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 22, 1919 Bogalusa, LA/i>—b>Bogalusa Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Gunmen hired by Great Southern LumberCompany fire indiscriminately on International Union of Timber Workers unionhall and kill men at doorways, including man exiting back doorway with hishands raised—4 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1128 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:253.5pt;height:183pt; z-index:50;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image078.jpg o:title37/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width338 height244src./index_files/image078.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1128>!endif>i>April22, 1920, Butte, Montana/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Death of Hugh B. Haran/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Accidentally shot while guarding the i>DailyBulletin/i> (IWW periodical) office—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 21, 1920, Butte, Montana/i>—b>Anaconda RoadMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deputized mine guards,well-known but acquitted anyway, employed by John D. Rockefeller, whose miningcompanies in 1914 slaughter striking miners at Ludlow, Colorado and blow upMiners’ Hall in Butte, Montana, shoot fleeing strikers in back—2 (IWW List OfKilled Members, other sources say 1) killed, 16 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 3, 1920, Washington, DC/i>—b>Suicide or Murder ofAndrea Salsedo/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Captured Galleanistpamphleteer falls to his death from window on 14sup>th/sup> floor of Departmentof Justice building, after having either jumped out on his own or been pushedout by fellow captured Galleanist—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>i>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 19, 1920, Matewan, West Virginia/i>—b>MatewanMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheriff Sid Hatfield andhis deputized striking mineworkers, confronting hired guards newly arrived toevict striking mineworkers’ families from their company-owned homes, get upperhand in ensuing gunfight against those whose guns lie still buried in theirluggage—10 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1920, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>PhiladelphiaLongshoreman’s Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW membersStanley Pavzlack and G. Stain shot by scabs on 10sup>th/sup> and 27sup>th/sup>respectively, and two innocent bystanders shot by scabs on other dates inJune—4 killed, X wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 5, 1920, Denver, Colorado/i>—b>Denver StreetcarStrike of 1920/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Violent mobs ofstrikers, one 2000 members strong, attack Denver Post building, TramwayBuilding, and Union Station, and fight with police—2 killed, 33 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 6, 1920, Denver, Colorado/i>—b>Denver StreetcarStrike of 1920 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>AfterDenver mayor declares police force, of whom one-third are wounded, is notenough to keep order, and deputizes 2000 citizens, violence continues asstrikebreakers fire into crowd—5 killed, 25 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1089 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:252pt;height:212.95pt; z-index:31;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-58 0 -58 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -58 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image079.jpg o:title37 - Wallstreet091707a/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width336 height284src./index_files/image080.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1089>!endif>i>August5-6, 1920, Denver, Colorado/i>—b>Denver Streetcar Strike of 1920 continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Further undefined woundings—0 killed, 22woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 6, 1920, New York City, New York/i>—b>WallStreet Bombing/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>SuspectedGalleanist(s) blow(s) up financial institutions reputedly in retaliation forindictments of Ferdinand Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti—38 killed, 400 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 7, 1920, to February, 1921, Walker County,Alabama/i>—b>1920 Alabama Coal Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Violence, with some overtones of racial orientation, occurs on bothsides in coal workers strike, including murder of company general manager anddynamiting of thirteen houses for strikebreakers—16 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 2, 1920, Hannaford, North Dakota/i>—b>Death ofJoe Bagley/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Special agent of GreatNorthern Railway shoots IWW member—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal styletab-stops:124.6pt>span stylemso-tab-count:1> /span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 22, 1920, Nauvoo, Alabama/i>—b>Deaths ofAdrian Northcutt and Willie Baird/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State guard murders Nazarene minister who also serves as union official,and when his son-in-law avenges his death by killing soldier who murdered him,state guard lynches him in prison—3 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 19, 1921, Jasper County, Georgia/i>—b>JasperCounty Murders/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Harking back to eraof violence against slaves, plantation owner and farmhand kill peons, menimprisoned by local government on trumped-up charges and then let out as slavesto local businesses, to silence their potentially incriminating testimonyagainst them—11 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 1, 1921, McDowell County, West Virginia/i>—b>Assassinationof Sid Hatfield/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards,relatives of those killed in Matewan Massacre, well-known but, on grounds of“self-defense,” acquitted anyway, ambush unarmed sheriff and his deputy,already acquitted for their part in Matewan Massacre, but implicated in union"shooting up" of Mohawk coal camp in McDowell County, while walkingup courthouse steps to stand trial for that other incident—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 27, 1921, Sharples, West Virginia/i>—b>Attack AtSharples/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thousands of minersenraged over acquittal of Sid Hatfield’s murderers march to Logan County tounionize it, and though Mother Jones almost persuades them to turn back, LoganCounty Sheriff’s deputies shooting union sympathizers persuades miners tocontinue on—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1064 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:270pt;height:186.05pt; z-index:20;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-60 0 -60 21513 21600 21513 21600 0 -60 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image081.jpg o:title38 - Blair Mountain Backs/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width360 height248src./index_files/image082.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1064>!endif>i>August31, 1921, Blair Mountain, West Virginia/i>—b>Attack by James Wilburn/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After miners marching to Logan County inrage over acquittal of Sid Hatfield’s murderers (and now also attack on miners’sympathizers at Sharples) meet battle lines drawn by county sheriff at BlairMountain, armed miners organized by local Baptist minister fire first shots ofthree-day battle, and though Wilburn and one of his sons are convicted ofmurder of sheriffs deputies, they serve only three of their eleven yearsentences before being pardoned by West Virginia Governor—4 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 31 to September 2, 1921, Blair Mountain, WestVirginia/i>—b>Battle of Blair Mountain/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In retaliation for acquittal of Sid Hatfield’s murderers, around 10,000union miners march to Logan County, ostensibly to “unionize” it, but insteadshoot out with around 3000 citizens, some from professional class, deputizedand armed, some with automatic weapons, by Logan County Sheriff to preventminers from entering that county, both sides together firing off total ofaround one million rounds, as either US Air Force or sheriff’s deputies dropbombs on miners from airplanes, US Air Force certainly at least providingaerial surveillance, one of unexploded bombs being used in court to exonerateunion leader Bill Blizzard, charged with treason because of his leadership rolein that shoot out, in the very same building where anti-slavery activist JohnBrown had been convicted of treason 62 years earlier—80-130 killed (anothersource could document only 16, adding that miners vowed never to speak openlyabout the conflict for fear of being prosecuted), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 14, 1922, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma/i>—b>AmalgamatedMeat Cutters Second Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking meat workers lynch one African-American strikebreaker—1 killed,0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1922, Fort Worth, Texas/i>—b>Amalgamated MeatCutters Second Strike continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>KuKlux Klan, in support of striking meat workers, kidnap one African-Americanstrikebreaker from hospital and lynch him in stockyard—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 16, 1922, Cherokee, Oklahoma/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Paul Bernarcek (Bednartik)/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shotduring confrontation with fink—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 21, 1922, Herrin, Illinois/i>—b>Herrin Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After shootout with hired guards, victoriousstriking miners, well-known but acquitted anyway, !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1068 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:4in;height:218.1pt;z-index:21;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-58 0 -58 21523 21600 21523 21600 0 -58 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image083.jpg o:title39 - SanPedro_kkk-thumb-540x380 - smaller/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height291src./index_files/image084.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1068>!endif>capture,torture, and kill unarmed strikebreakers, their fellow workers really, endingwith free-range “turkey shoot”—36 (another source said 23) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 22, 1922, Buffalo, New York/i>—b>BuffaloStreetcar Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police officerfires randomly into crowd of protestors, and during melee someone spraysmotorman with acid—1 killed, 4 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 16, 1923, Harrison, Arkansas/i>—b> HarrisonRailroad Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After railroadbridge burnings by striking railroad workers, outraged citizen vigilantes unitewith KKK to confront strikers, and jail one striker who is blamed for shootingone vigilante, though in fact he had been shot by another vigilante, and nextmorning vigilantes drag striker from his cell and hang him on railroad bridge,and other strikers are dragged from their houses and whipped—1 killed, 1+wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May, 1923, Feather River, California/i>—b> UnidentifiedIWW/b> b>Death at Feather River/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wounded mill picket run over by train—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List OfKilled Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 3, 1923, Aberdeen, Washington/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof William J. McKay/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot in backby mill watchman while on picket line—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 14, 1923, San Pedro, California/i>—b>Liberty HillStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Weeks after Upton Sinclair,Pulitzer-Prize-winning author and founding member of Southern Californiachapter of ACLU, which was founded specifically to help this strike, isarrested for publicly reading from U.S. Constitution, arresting officerquipping “we’ll have none of that Constitution stuff,” under Californiascriminal syndicalism law, which later is declared to be unconstitutional, KKKraids IWW hall, beating men, women, and children, one woman later dying of herinjuries, and scalding two children with coffee, and leads some IWW men away towilderness area to be stripped, tarred, and feathered—1 killed, 2+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 9, 1924, Hanapepe, Hawaii/i>—b>HanapepeMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire onFilipino-Hawaiian sugar workers striking for $2 per day wage increase in sameyear that nonworking company owners average 17% dividends, after strikersabduct two strikebreakers, because all laws allowing workers to strikepeacefully had been struck down by contemporary legislators, but strikersrespond with knives—20 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1149 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:307.5pt;height:246.55pt; z-index:60;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image085.jpg o:title40 - Loray-Mill-STRIKE - small/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width410 height329src./index_files/image085.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1149>!endif>i>March2-3, 1926, Passaic, New Jersey/i>—b>1926 Passaic Textile Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police stop crowd of pickets, thenride their horse and motorcycles into them, clubbing them and firing tear gascanisters at them, and then club cameramen recording police violence anddestroy their cameras—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 23, 1927, Charleston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Executionof Ferdinando Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>U.S. Judge Webster Thayer, denying defense motions and callingdefendants “anarchist bastards” and “Bolsheviks” whom he would “get good andproper,” has two Galleanists executed on flimsy evidence for their supposedinvolvement in murder, igniting violent protests around world, including, afterVanzettis appeal to fellow Galleanists for retaliation, bomb attacks onofficials associated with trial, including Thaver himself—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 21, 1927, Serene, Colorado/i>—b>Columbine MineMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in mediaportrayal of charismatic young female labor leader “Flaming Milka,” whose wristis broken by mounted guard dragging her behind his horse, state police and mineguards fire on strikers armed only with clubs, knives, and rocks, guardspossibly using machinegun, as American flag carried by one of those killedreceives 17 bullet holes—6 killed, 12 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1927 (another source says January 12, 1928),Walsenburg, Colorado/i>—b>Columbine Mine Massacre at Walsenburg/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police attack local townspeople fortheir sympathy with striking Columbine miners—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 7, 1929, Gastonia, North Carolina/i>—b>Loray MillStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in so-called“Gastonia” novels by at least six authors including Sherwood Anderson, strikersguarding their tent colony shoot out with local police, after they hadapproached and demanded that strikers surrender their weapons, killing policechief—1 killed, 4+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 14, 1929, Gastonia, North Carolina/i>—b>Deathof Ella Mae Wiggins/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After judgedeclares mistrial in shooting death of local police chief at hands of strikingmill workers, because juror goes insane from viewing bloody evidence, localvigilantes, well-known but acquitted anyway, chase down and fire on strikers intruck, all of whom also are eventually fully pardoned, including union head whohad fled to Soviet Union but returned, killing unarmed and pregnantsongwriter/striker who had lost four of nine children to inadequate medicalcare in company town—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 2, 1929, Marion, North Carolina/i>—b>MarionTextile Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheriff anddeputies open fire on picket line of striking textile workers, hitting most intheir backs—6 killed, 17 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1152 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:223.5pt;height:184.5pt; z-index:62;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image086.png o:title40/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width298 height246src./index_files/image087.gif alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1152>!endif>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 6, 1930, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>H.C.Aberle Mill Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pitchedgunfight erupts between hosiery company employees and hosiery workers union andtheir sympathizers—1 killed, 3 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 24, 1931, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania/i>—b>MammothMills Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Former strikerreturning to work shoots hosiery company employees—1 killed, 2 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 5, 1931, Evarts, Kentucky/i>—b>Battle of Evarts/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in song “Which Side Are YouOn?” made popular by singer Hazel Dickens and others, after writers TheodoreDreiser, Sherwood Anderson, and John Dos Passos are evicted from “Bloody”Harlan County for trying to help striking miners there, employer activists incars shoot out with striking miners along roadside—4 killed (another sourcesaid 2), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 1, 1931, Greenville, South Carolina/i>—b>Attackon Clara Holden/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantesabduct and whip National Textile Workers Union organizer—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 21, 1931, Tipton, Iowa/i>—b>Iowa Cow War/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sixty-five police officers escort twoveterinarians to farm to test cows fro tuberculosis, but they are met by 400farmers protesting tests because they cause abortions and lower quality ofmilk, and "violence flares"—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 7, 1932, Dearborn, Michigan/i>—b>Ford HungerMarch Massacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Starving strikersare escorted by Detroit police to borders of American Fascist Henry Ford’scompany town of Dearborn, where richest man in world, devotee of Adolph Hitlerand only American mentioned in Hitlers i>Mein Kampf/i>, orders his town’scompany police to fire on them, 70,000 outraged citizens participating in theirfuneral procession, and sprinkling some of the dead’s ashes over the Ford Autoassembly plant where they were killed, where workers also are deprived even oftheir basic human need to converse with each other, lest it slow downproduction—5 killed, 24+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 28, 1932, Washington, District of Columbia/i>—b>Evictionof/b> b>Bonus Army/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After localpolice fail to evict from federal land army veterans in tents demonstrating forSenate passage of bill already passed by House !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1071 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:278.6pt;height:201.6pt;z-index:22;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-58 0 -58 21520 21600 21520 21600 0 -58 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image088.jpg o:title41 - Eviction of bonus army - smaller yet/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width371 height269src./index_files/image089.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1071>!endif>allowingearly payment of military bonuses, army “hero” General Douglas MacArthur turnshis troops’ bayonets and gas against his former charges, to cries of “shame,shame” from federal employees lining the streets—4+ killed, 1017 (anothersource said 200) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 27, 1932, Worcester, Massachusetts/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Webster Thayer/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Inresponse to Bartolomeo Vanzetti’s written plea for vengeance, Galleanistbomber(s) intending to kill judge in Vanzatti’s trial wound(s) wife andhousekeeper instead, but succeeds in sending judge into hiding—0 killed, 2wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1933, Appleton, Wisconsin/i>—b>1933 WisconsinMilk Strike at Appleton/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Guardsthrow horseshoes at 100 pickets—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 16, 1933, Racine County, Wisconsin/i>—b>1933 WisconsinMilk Strike in Racine County/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Guardsman shoots two teenagers for not stopping their vehicle—1 killed,1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 18, 1933, between Saukville and Grafton, Wisconsin/i>—b>1933Wisconsin Milk Strike between Saukville and Grafton/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Milk delivery driver killed after leavingpicket road block—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 5, 1933, Ambridge, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Spang-ChalfantSeamless Tube Mill Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Privatedeputies fire on picket line—1 killed, 20 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 8, 1933, Woodville, California/i>—b>PixleyCotton Strike at Woodville/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Localvigilantes try unsuccessfully to reach speakers at union rally, breakingrancher’s arm—0 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 10, 1933, Pixley, California/i>—b>Pixley CottonStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Serving as basis for NobelPrize winning author John Steinbeck’s novel, “In Dubious Battle,” localgrowers, well-known but acquitted anyway, hide behind trucks and fire onunarmed strikers as well as Mexican consular representative, who advances witharms raised but is shot and killed, in full view of police having just arrested19 other strikers—4 (another source said 2) killed, 9-18 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1143 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:235.5pt;height:185.25pt; z-index:58;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image090.jpg o:title42 - Pixley Cotton Strike Signs cropped 70/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width314 height247src./index_files/image090.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1143>!endif>i>October10, 1933, Arvin, California/i>—b>Pixley Cotton Strike at Arvin/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Growers blow arm off unarmed 19-year-oldstriker—0 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 19, 1933, Springfield, Illinois/i>—b>Shootingof Progressive Miner/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Official fromUnited Mine Workers union shoots member of Progressive Miners of America unionin protest march—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 28, 1933, Burke, Wisconsin/i>—b>1933 WisconsinMilk Strike at Burke/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unaffiliatedcitizen, upset that strikers had broken his headlamp, shoots random farmer onpicket line—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1934, Lakeland, Florida/i>—b>KKK Abducts CitrusWorker Unionist/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>KKK abducts citrusworker union organizer who is never heard from again—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 15, 1934, Wilmington, California/i>—b>1934 WestCoast Waterfront Strike at Wilmington/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards shoot strikers charging tent where strikebreakers live—2(another source said 1, and that location is San Pedro, and that instead oftent it is ship) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal styletab-stops:12.25in>i>May 23-28, 1934, Toledo, Ohio/i>—b>Battleof Toledo/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guard shoots,bayonets, and teargasess 6,000 striking Electric Auto-Lite Company workers andtheir sympathizers armed only with bricks and bottles, but further violence isaverted by President Roosevelt sending former President Tafts son to mediatebetween sides—2 killed, 200 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 30, 1934, Seattle, Washington/i>—b>1934 West CoastWaterfront Strike at Seattle/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers hearing that scabs are planning to take ship out of port try tostop them, but are ambushed by guards who shoot at least one in back, whodies—1 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedialist of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 5, 1934, San Francisco, California/i>—b>BloodyThursday (1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike at San Francisco):spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Local police suppress dockworkersstrike, which becomes general strike, U.S. Secretary of Labor Frances Perkinspersuading U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt to ignore state and localofficials pleadings for federal troops to quell it, and when Perkins laterrefuses to deport head of West Coast Longshoreman’s Union, House Committee onUn-American Activities unsuccessfully brings impeachment resolution againsther—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1074 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:243pt;height:210.95pt; z-index:23;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-62 0 -62 21528 21600 21528 21600 0 -62 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image091.jpg o:title45 - Minneapolis Teamsters Strike/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width324 height281src./index_files/image092.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1074>!endif>i>July27, 1934, Sheboygan, Wisconsin/i>—b>Kohler Strike of 1934/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Private deputies fire on striking steel andiron factory workers with guns and teargas—2 killed, 47 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>LateJuly, 1934, Minneapolis, Minnesota/i>—b>Minneapolis Teamsters Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking transportation workers and theirsupporters, including many women, fight to prevent produce from being deliveredto city market—4 killed, 200 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>August-September,1934, Trion, Georgia/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 at Trion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In first outbreak of violence in what wasthen largest strike in U.S. history, which was organized by workers atgrass-roots level before even their own union knew about it, newly hired guardsshoot out with striking textile workers—2 (another source said 1) killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 20, 1934, Portland, Oregon/i>—b>LongshoremenShoot Replacement Workers/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikinglongshoremen kill replacement worker and wound another, in series of attacks includingfiring upon visiting US Senator from New York—1 killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September2, 1934, Augusta, Georgia/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 at Augusta/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Newly hired guards attack striking textileworkers—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September6, 1934, Honea Path, South Carolina/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 atHonea Path/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After GovernorBlackwood gives “shoot to kill” orders, national guard and hired guards attackstriking textile workers, shooting most of them in the back—7 (another sourcesaid 6) killed, 30 wounded (another source said 20)/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September11, 1934, Saylesville, Rhode Island/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 atSaylesville/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When Rooseveltadministration ignores Governor Green’s request for federal troops, nationalguard and hired guards armed with machine guns fight against strikers armedonly with rocks, flower pots, and broken headstones from local cemetery—2(another source said 1) killed, 4+ woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thank you, Professor Scott Molloy/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September12, 1934, Woonsocket, Rhode Island/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 atWoonsocket/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guard firesinto crowd of strikers attempting to storm rayon plant—3 (another source said2, and another source said 1) killed, 15 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Thank you, Professor Scott Molloy/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1145 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:226.5pt;height:193.5pt; z-index:59;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image093.jpg o:title45/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width302 height258src./index_files/image093.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1145>!endif>i>June19, 1935, Union, South Carolina/i>—b>Monarch Mills Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>During textile workers strike at MonarchMills, lunchtime fight becomes full-blown riot in which constable shootsoverseer, and then is himself shot by someone else—2 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 21, 1935, Humboldt County, California/i>—b>PacificNorthwest Lumber Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Threeunion lumber workers killed in fight with police and strikebreakers, and threedays later in Tacoma, WA, unknown number of wounded when guardsmen attack 2000union lumber workers barring entrance of strikebreakers into plant—3 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 7, 1935, Dallas, Texas/i>—b>Dallas PublicSpanking/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Rioting female garmentunion strikers publicly strip and spank female non-union garment workers, andthen scuffle with police—0 killed, 6 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 4, 1935, San Pedro, California/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Arthur G. Ross/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Died from headinjuries from vigilante—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 30, 1935, Tampa, Florida/i>—b>Death of JosephA. Shoemaker/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police arrest fiveunion leaders from cigar industry without warrant, cigar industry mogulsposting bail for policeman charged with false arrest, and turn three of unionleaders over to KKK, who torture one of them to death over nine days—1 killed,X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1936, Pierce, Idaho/i>—b>3 IWW/b> b>Deaths fromPierce, Idaho Ambush/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Conrad Hilldied May 30, 1937, in Lewiston, Idaho, from injuries sustained in 1936 ambushin Pierce, Idaho; Mike Stetz died June 8, 1937 in Orofino, Idaho; and DaltonLee Gentry died November 4, 1940 in Monroe, Lousiana—3 killed, 0 wounded IWWList Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 10, 1936, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania/i>—b>GoodFriday Bombings/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Former coal miner,apparently disgruntled by miners union handling of certain workers issues,mails bombs in cigar boxes to former president of union, coal official, formerWilkes-Barre sheriff, Hanover Township school director and sexton, LuzerneCounty judge, and mediator of Anthracite Conciliation Board—3 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1093 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:225pt;height:179.8pt; z-index:33;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-67 0 -67 21517 21600 21517 21600 0 -67 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image094.jpg o:title46 - Memorial Day Massacre/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width300 height240src./index_files/image095.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1093>!endif>i>Fall,1936, USA/i>—b>1936 International Seamans Union Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Total of 28 seaman die in nationwide strike,including three mentioned just below—25 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 29, 1936, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>IWW/b>b>Death of Blackie Hyman/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Killedduring waterfront solidarity strike—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 4, 1936, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Galveston BayDock Wars, 1936-7/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers attack corruptmember of International Seamans Union, who shoots one striker, and thenstrikers beat him nearly to death—1 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 9, 1936, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Galveston BayDock Wars, 1936-7, continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers from International Seamans Union attack scabs outside bar, andensuing scuffle sends eight to hospital, one of whom dies five days later—1killed, 7 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 23, 1937, Stockton, California/i>—b>StocktonCannery Strike of 1937/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Violencebreaks out as strikebound canneries reopen, resulting in one death and morethan fifty serious injuries—1 killed, 50 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 26, 1937, Detroit, Michigan/i>—b>Battle of theOverpass/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ford Auto Company hiredguards severely beat union organizers, including Philip Reuther, captured inwidely published photos that the guards had tried but failed to confiscate—0killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 30, 1937, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Memorial DayMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police beat andfire on unarmed striking steel workers, one policeman telling one femalestriker, "get off the field or Ill put a bullet in your back," yetno police were ever prosecuted—10 killed, 140 (another source said 30) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1116 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:226.8pt;height:222.05pt; z-index:42;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image096.jpg o:title46/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width302 height296src./index_files/image096.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1116>!endif>i>June19, 1937, Youngstown, Ohio/i>—b>Womens Day Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>City police captain demands women andchildren leave picket line demanding recognition of steel union, and when theyrefuse, fires tear gas, which wounds infant, so union men gather to fightagainst deputies, and when one of unionists is shot to death, whole townconverges to shoot out with police—16 killed, 283 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 28, 1937, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania/i>—b>MoltrupSteel Products Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheriffsdeputies fighting with picketers trying to prevent night shift from enteringplant kill one man with tear gas shell—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 9, 1937, Alcoa, Tennessee/i>—b>Alcoa AluminumStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Gunfire erupts whenpicketers try to stop truck from entering aluminum plant guarded by localpolice, killing one picketer and one police officer—2 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 11, 1937, Massillon, Ohio/i>—b>Attack on MassillonUnion Hall/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police destroysteel union hall—2 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 10, 1938, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Death ofLloyd Rourke/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Picketer usingbaseball bat kills independent laundry man when he crosses Fairfax Hotel picketline to make delivery—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 1, 1938, Hilo, Hawaii/i>—b>Hilo Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire on unarmed and non-violentstriking longshoremen and warehousemen with non-lethal birdshot—0 killed, 50 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 9, 1938, Hatboro, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Death ofRaymond Cooke/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police chief shootsOscar Nebel Hosiery Company striker—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1959, Letcher and Hazard Counties, Kentucky/i>—b>UnitedMine Workers Strike of 1959/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Gunfireerupts as picketers try to blow up or burn loading ramps—3+ killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1932-1945, Washington, DC/i>—b>NEW DEAL LEGISLATION/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>b>PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT HIRES LABORLEADERS—NEW DEAL LEGISLATION/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>b>SECRETARYOF LABOR FRANCES PERKINS, who campaigned for workers’ rights after witnessingworkers /b>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1076 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:269.85pt;height:206.6pt; z-index:24;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-60 0 -60 21521 21600 21521 21600 0 -60 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image097.jpg o:title47 - Reuther Frankensteen Cropped/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width360 height275src./index_files/image098.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1076>!endif>b>killedby neglectful owners in Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OFPRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT, and with the help of other workeractivists hired by Roosevelt, such as National Recovery Administration leaderJohn Cox, Catholic priest who lead “Cox’s Army” that marched on DC to supportunemployed workers, with help of free gasoline from Gulf Stations owner AndrewMellon, who was fired from his position as President Herbert Hoover’s Secretaryof Treasury for his sympathy with marchers—ENDS MAJOR VIOLENCE BY AND AGAINSTWORKERS AND THEIR SYMPATHIZERS BY LEGISLATING WORKERS’ RIGHTS, including aforty-hour work week, a minimum wage, worker’s compensation, unemploymentcompensation, employee safety provisions, a federal law banning child labor,direct federal aid for unemployment relief, Social Security, a revitalizedpublic employment service, and health insurance/b>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 20, 1948, Detroit, Michigan/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Walter Reuther/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shotgun blast through window permanently cripples labor leader’s hand—0killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 24, 1949, Detroit, Michigan/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Victor Reuther/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shotgunblast through window takes out eye and jaw of labor leader—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 26, 1968, Memphis, Tennessee/i>—b>MemphisSanitation Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>At site ofMartin Luther King’s April 4th assassination, local police respond to strikingsanitation workers breaking windows by firing shotguns into crowds, killing16-year-old boy—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 9, 1970, Pellston, Michigan/i>—b>Death of WalterReuther/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Labor leader dies inmysterious plane crash, uncannily similar to plane crash year and half earlier thathe and brother Victor miraculously survive, strongly suggesting sabotage inboth instances, but FBI refuses to release information they have on eithercrash, same FBI that just two years later is accused of being behinddisappearance and presumed crash of plane carrying Congressman Hale Boggs afterhe accused FBI of tapping phones and adopting tactics of Soviet Union andGestapo—6 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1973, Harlan County, Kentucky/i>—b>Filming Of“Harlan County, U.S.A.”/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Harkingback to era of violence against workers, hired guards shoot indiscriminatelyinto houses of striking miners during filming of documentary about unionactivity in isolated “Bloody” Harlan County (film released 1976)—1 killed, 0wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1077 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:270pt;height:168.6pt; z-index:25;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-64 0 -64 21497 21600 21497 21600 0 -64 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image099.jpg o:title48 - Harlan County Standoff/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width360 height225src./index_files/image100.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1077>!endif>i>November9, 1974, Cranston, Rhode Island/i>—b>Death of Wilma Schesler/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Nurse on way to work deliberately drives hercar though picket line of striking mental hospital workers—1 killed, 2woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thank you, Professor ScottMolloy/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 13, 1974, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma/i>—b>Deathof Karen Silkwood/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Possibly anaccident, but more likely not an accident, union activist driving alone toexpose workplace safety violations to i>New York Times/i> reporter is founddead in her car crashed head-on into culvert, her exposing documents missing,and unexplained rear-end damage on her new car—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January-June, 1979, Imperial Valley, California/i>—b>ImperialValley Lettuce Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>United FarmWorkers union pickets under Caesar Chavez throw rocks at growers, guards, andstrikebreakers, and several pickets are wounded by gunfire, one being killed,and another is hit by a truck—1 killed, 35 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 3, 1979, Greensboro, North Carolina/i>—b>GreensboroMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>The Communist WorkersParty (CWP) failed to organize white textile workers, so instead turned theirefforts to organizing black textile workers, which brought them into conflictwith Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and American Nazi Party (ANP), and violence broke outwhen Klan and ANP members showed up at CWO rally against the Klan—5 killed, 5wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 21, 1986, Austin, Minnesota/i>—b>1985 HormelStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Governor sends nationalguard to protect strikebreakers after violence breaks out on picket line—0killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 6-7, 1988, New York City, New York/i>—b>TompkinsSquare Park Police Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Policebeat down homeless people, political activists, and innocent bystanders ineffort to evict homeless population from park, resulting in more than onehundred filed complaints of police brutality—0 killed, 44 (another source said38) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1154 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:184.5pt;height:213pt; z-index:63;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image101.jpg o:title50 - Judi-Bari - 80/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width246 height284src./index_files/image101.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1154>!endif>i>May24, 1990, Oakland, California/i>—b>Attempted Assassination of Judi Bari/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Though attack itself is perhaps not reallyinstance of class war, as man claiming responsibility said he acted to preventabortions, nevertheless local police and FBI working on behalf of financialinterests of lumber company, against whom subjects protested, falsely accusevictims of bomb attack as being themselves intended bombers, and, after trial,pay $4.4 million in damages to their posthumous estates—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 17, 1998, Headwaters Forest, California/i>—b>Deathof David Chain/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Needing to repayloan debt after hostile takeover of lumber company, new management changessustainable growth policy to clearcutting, and amid protests in which localpolice twist back protestors’ heads, separate their eyelids, and apply pepperspray directly onto their eyeballs with sponges, one officer laughing whenasked whether he had any compassion, a lumber worker under pressure to increaseproduction threatens protestors then fells tree that hits one of them—1 killed,0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October, 2014, Conway, South Carolina/i>—b>Rescue of/b>b>Christopher Smith/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>SocialServices removes mentally disabled black man from restaurant job where he wasregularly beaten and held prisoner in company housing while earning $2482 a yearfor working 108 hours per week—0 killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Thank you, Marcia Weeden/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 31, 2015, Providence, Rhode Island/i>—b>AttackOn i>Fuerza Laboral/i>/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Restaurant owner with baseball bat attacks picketers against hisbusiness protesting unpaid wages—0 killed, 2 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Thank you, Marcia Weeden/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>---/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>b>Innocent Leaders Of The Workers Movement Martyred InAmericao:p>/o:p>/b>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>1864 - William Walker/p>p classMsoNormal>1887 - August Spies, Haymarket Five/p>p classMsoNormal>1887 - Adolph Fischer, Haymarket Five/p>p classMsoNormal>1887 - Albert Parsons, Haymarket Five/p>p classMsoNormal>1919 - Fannie Sellins/p>p classMsoNormal>1921 - Sid Hatfield/p>p classMsoNormal>1917 - Frank Little/p>p classMsoNormal>1914 - Louis Tikas/p>p classMsoNormal>1915 - Joe Hill/p>p classMsoNormal>1933 - Delfino Davila, Mexican Consulate, Pixley CottonStrike/p>p classMsoNormal>1929 - Ella Mae Wiggins/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>Version:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>231/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>/div>/body>/html>
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HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Thu, 12 Sep 2024 21:10:30 GMTServer: ApacheLast-Modified: Tue, 25 Apr 2017 07:39:03 GMTAccept-Ranges: bytesContent-Length: 410061Content-Type: text/html html xmlns:vurn:schemas-microsoft-com:vmlxmlns:ourn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:officexmlns:wurn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:wordxmlnshttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40>head>meta http-equivContent-Type contenttext/html; charsetwindows-1252>meta nameProgId contentWord.Document>meta nameGenerator contentMicrosoft Word 9>meta nameOriginator contentMicrosoft Word 9>link relFile-List href./index_files/filelist.xml>link relEdit-Time-Data href./index_files/editdata.mso>!--if !mso>style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}/style>!endif-->title>Class War Casualties: A Comprehensive, Chronological Accounting Of 4162Killed And 7625 Wounded In America’s Class War (Class/title>!--if gte mso 9>xml> o:DocumentProperties> o:Author>Michael/o:Author> o:LastAuthor>M Laube/o:LastAuthor> o:Revision>3/o:Revision> o:TotalTime>30/o:TotalTime> o:LastPrinted>2014-02-18T23:12:00Z/o:LastPrinted> o:Created>2017-04-23T05:54:00Z/o:Created> o:LastSaved>2017-04-23T05:55:00Z/o:LastSaved> o:Pages>2/o:Pages> o:Words>29372/o:Words> o:Characters>167423/o:Characters> o:Company> /o:Company> o:Lines>1395/o:Lines> o:Paragraphs>334/o:Paragraphs> o:CharactersWithSpaces>205607/o:CharactersWithSpaces> o:Version>9.2720/o:Version> /o:DocumentProperties>/xml>!endif-->style>!-- /* Style Definitions */p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;}h3 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman;}h4 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:4; font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic;}p.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:center 3.0in right 6.0in; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;}p.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold;}a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;}a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;}@page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1 {page:Section1;}-->/style>!--if gte mso 9>xml> o:shapedefaults v:extedit spidmax1158/>/xml>!endif-->!--if gte mso 9>xml> o:shapelayout v:extedit> o:idmap v:extedit data1/> /o:shapelayout>/xml>!endif-->/head>body langEN-US linkblue vlinkpurple styletab-interval:.5in>div classSection1>p classMsoBodyText>Class War Casualties:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>A Comprehensive, Chronological Account Of 4162 Killed And 7625 WoundedIn America’s Class War -- www.ClassWarCasualties.Org, ClassWarCasualties@Yahoo.com/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>All parties are free to copy or distribute this informationin whole or in part./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>The new frontline in America’s ongoing class war is juryduty, which you can read all about right ahrefhttps://sites.google.com/site/endjuryduty>here/a>./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoBodyText>span stylefont-weight:normal>This is a work inprogress.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I hope eventually to supportall of the incidents cited in this document, most of which I found on variouswebsites, with reliable sources.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pleaseemail me at ClassWarCasualties@Yahoo.com with additions or corrections orreliable sources.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Especially, pleasehelp me to fill in the holes on the numbers of killed or wounded, because thewhole purpose of this document is to remember their sacrifice, regardless ofwhich side they were on, in this bloody, distinctly American war.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>div styleborder:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in>p classMsoNormal styleborder:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>/div>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>This is a part of American history of which I believe mostof my fellow Americans to be unaware.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>This document aims to help Americans become aware of the horrible,terrible things that fellow Americans have done to each other—spitting on,slapping, spanking, whipping, punching, kicking, clubbing, trampling, scalding,spraying with acid, branding, tar-and-feathering, cropping ears, stabbing,slitting, impaling, hacking, scalping, castrating, bobbitizing, cutting offears, dismembering, decapitating, shooting, bombing, cannonading, gassing,poisoning, dragging, suspending, hanging, gibbeting alive, burning alive,electrocuting, breaking on wheel, and even crucifying—and the hateful,sometimes cold-blooded and sometimes and hot-blooded manner in which these actswere committed, and the huge number of people who suffered from these acts, allin the name of economic class in our country./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>I feel the need to impart this knowledge to my fellowAmericans because of the dearth of this knowledge in both our schools and ourgeneral culture.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>My own path to thisknowledge came by way of John Sayles’ movie “Matewan,” about a strike in WestVirginia that ended in a gunfight in which ten people died.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I thought to myself, “Is this reallytrue?span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>How come I never heard about thisbefore?span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Isn’t fellow Americans shootingeach other something I should have learned about before now?”spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When I sought to establish the truth of thisincident, I found out that it was just the tip of the iceberg, and that in factthe Matewan Massacre, as it was called, led directly to a much bloodier affairin the Battle of Blair Mountain, and that even this was just one bloodyincident in a whole national history of bloody incidents, of which I knewpractically nothing./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>This document catalogs 474 incidents in American historythat fall into one of eight categories:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1) workers or worker sympathizers versus the employers of workers, 2)workers versus other workers competing for jobs, 3) slaves or slavesympathizers versus the owners of slaves, 4) indentured servants or theirsympathizers versus the owners of indentured servants, 5) tenants versuslandlords, 6) protests of unpaid soldiers, 7) protests against government imposingfinancial requirements for obtaining legal rights such as holding office oravoiding the draft, and 8) environmentalists interfering with corporateprofitability.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Only those incidents areincluded in which people were killed or wounded, or incidents for which we haveno record of people being killed or wounded, but the nature of the violence atthe incident implies that there must have been some such casualties.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Industrial accidents are not included, foralthough many more workers died in such accidents than in the types of classbattles cataloged here, those deaths were rarely the result of managementdeliberately wanting to kill off its own workforce./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>Incidents in this catalog are further restricted only tothose in which individuals or small groups acted alone.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Many of our large wars could also beconstrued as examples of class warfare.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>For example, the Revolutionary War could be monarchy versus the people,the Civil War could be slavers versus slave sympathizers, and our twentiethcentury wars in Indochina could be communism versus capitalism.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>But in large wars such as these, manyindividuals fight without understanding the underlying economic issuesinvolved, rather, they are merely soldiers following their immediateorders.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In the smaller class battlescataloged here, each individual on either side knew exactly what he or she wasfighting for./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>When I have found two or more different figures for thenumber of killed or wounded in any of these incidents, I have usually used thehigher (or highest) number in calculating totals, except in cases where thereis too large a gap between the high and low numbers, as in the case of the NewYork Draft Riots, which author Herbert Asbury pegged at 2000 dead, buthistorian James M. McPherson pegged at 120, and the Thibodaux Massacre, whichsome claim to have killed 300, but most claim around 35, and the ColoradoCoalfield War, in which the Rockerfeller Company said 199 died but the Coloradostate government said 69.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>The number ofkilled given in the Black Seminole Slave Rebellion may likewise be too high,but it is our one and only estimate, pertaining as it does to a quite recentdiscovery.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>The high death rate inindustrial accidents—during WWI, an American soldier stood a better chance ofsurvival than an American miner—is another reason, besides the lack ofdeliberate intent in those accidents, as mentioned above, why accidental deathsare not included in this discussion.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ido not want to use a number too high for any one incident, because that woulddraw too much attention to just one incident, and while I do want to emphasizethe magnitude of the violence at each of these incidents, I also want toemphasize the large number of violent incidents.span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Nevertheless, these total numbers are still weak, because sometimesthe number of killed, and much more often the number of wounded, is notrecorded at all—and sometimes those unknown numbers must have been very high,such as the number of killed in the 1807 mass suicide of "twoshiploads" of slaves at Charleston—and also because inevitably someclass-related violent acts must have been missed altogether by theircontemporary recorders of history.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thesignificance of the total numbers can be realized by comparing them with thetotals for the March 2003 to December 2011 Iraq War:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>4409 Americans killed, 31,928 Americans wounded./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>These disputes were not, for the most part,"capitalist" owners versus "socialist" or"communist" workers, although in later years those adjectives wereoften applied by the owners, rather, most of these disputes were workersfighting for the right to be included in the capitalist system—they wanted tobelieve the capitalist mantra that by dint of their hard work they could liftthemselves up out of poverty, but the companies they worked for set up barriersto prevent that from happening.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Infact, many companies, especially mining companies, were actually trying toimpose on the workers a socialist type of system by having them live in companyhousing and buy from a company store, and some even paid workers only incompany script that could be used only at the company store, rather than inuniversally accepted American currency, thus keeping the workers as prisonersin the company housing, making them slaves more than independent workers really,unable to seek employment elsewhere.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>During the Bunker Hill Mine Bombing and prison camp, workers actuallyhad to ask the local sheriff for permission to look for a different job, andduring the Bisbee Deportation, every citizen had to ask the local sheriff forpermission just to enter the town./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>People argue about the exact causes of these types ofviolence and their remission.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Let ussay here only that the two most violent categories of class-war violence in ourcountry, slaves against masters and workers against company owners, were bothended by recognition of the rights of the exploited class by the highest levelof American government, the presidency, and President Lincoln’s abolition ofslavery ushered in the period of great economic expansion in our country knownas “The Gilded Age” (although, the oppression of workers by the nouveau richeof this period was exactly what led to the next wave of class violence), andPresident Roosevelt’s recognition and enforcement of workers’ rights precededthe greatest economic expansion in all of American history.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>An egalitarian America is a prosperousAmerica.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>It took our country’s highestoffice to enforce among the American people the social conscience needed topromote this kind of egalitarianism.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ifour American forebears would have held to the social conscience depicted in ourcountry’s original national pledge—not the pledge to the flag, which was givenonly as recently as 1942, but the pledge in our 1776 Declaration OfIndependence, which reads, "we mutually pledge to each other our Lives,our Fortunes and our sacred Honor"—then perhaps such intervention by thepresidency would not have been necessary./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>Note:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Most of theseincidents I found on the web, usually in more than one place, and Wikipedia wasa frequent resource, especially "List of worker deaths in United Stateslabor disputes," which I acknowledge if it is the only source I have foran incident, and which was a great resource for finding out about little knownincidents, but was not complete, since many labor incidents listed on mywebsite were not found on this list or anywhere else on Wikipedia.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Plus I am combining slave rebellions andother categories along with pure labor struggles.span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>A few of these incidents I found in only one place on the web,which would diminish their reliability, but I would not use a resource thatseemed unreliable.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two other resourcesI frequently used are:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>A People’sHistory Of The United States by Howard Zinn (Harper Collins, 2005), or AmericanNegro Slave Revolts by Herbert Aptheker (Columbia University Press, 1970),which are acknowledged in the list of incidents where appropriate.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I also received direct help, specificallywith regard to incidents in the state of Rhode Island, from Scott Molloy,Professor Of Labor And Industrial Relations at University Of Rhode Island, andMarcia Weeden, a former student of that university, both of whose contributionslikewise are acknowledged where appropriate.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I further received a list from a member of the International Workers ofthe World (IWW) union General Executive Board, DJ Alperovitz, showing all themembers of the IWW for whom they had records as having been killed.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>DJ assures me that he (or she) hadpersonally verified the deaths of all the people on the list, and was, in fact,still going through a list of names of people to be verified before they areadded to the list.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In an interestingside note to the IWW list, DJ wrote me that, "Just as a note until lastyear no individual that was accountable for the murder of a member of my unionwas ever convicted.span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Brigadier GeneralPedro Espinoza was sentenced to seven years in the killing of FW Frank Teruggion February 4, 2015."span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Finally, Imust acknowledge that a few of these incidents, or details of these incidents,I heard about on television shows, but did not realize the significance of whatI had heard until after the show was over and forgotten, so those sourcesremain unacknowledged./p>span stylefont-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA>br clearall stylepage-break-before:always>/span>p classMsoNormal>b>Killed And Wounded By Incident:/b>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>h3>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Killedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Yearspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Incident/h3>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1656spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Tony/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1656spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Vindication of Reverend Gray/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1663spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Glouster County Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>43spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1675spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bacon’s Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1686spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Northern Neck Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1687span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Iron Collar Punishment/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>11spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1708span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Newton Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1710span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Easter Day Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1711span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Sebastian/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1712span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>New York Slave Revolt of 1712/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1713span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Bread Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>14spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1720spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Carolina Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1729spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Virginia Slave Settlement Attacked/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1730spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Norfolk Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>9spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1730spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Samba Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1732spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New Orleans Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1734spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Somerville Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1734spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Burlington County Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1734span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reward Urged/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1734span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Prince Georges Rebellion Betrayed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1738spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Georgians Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1739span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>South Carolinians Killed or Wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>75spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1739span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Stono Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1740span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charles Town Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1741span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hackensack Arson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>35spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1741span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Conspiracy of 1741/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1741span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charles Town Arson 01/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1741span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charles Town Arson 02/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>8spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1742spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Seven Slaves/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1744spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Notchee Native Americans Enlisted/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1745span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Newark Jail/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1755spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Maryland Slaves Hanged ForPoisoning Masters/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1756span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Unpaid Soldiers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1759spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charleston Slave Revolt Crushed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1761spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charleston Slaves Poison Masters/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1766spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Tenant Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1766span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Arsonist Slave Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1766spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Dutchess Tenant Uprising of1766/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1766span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Tenant Riots continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1766span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of New York Tenant Riots leader/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1767spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Alexandria Slaves Poison Masters/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1768span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Regulators Breakup Court/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1770span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>North Carolina ConspiracyCrushed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1770spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Seamen Fight/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1770span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Ropemakers Fight/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1770span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>36spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>161span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1771span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Alamance/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1771span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Regulators/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1772spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slaves Arson Kills Child/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1774span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>St Andrews Parish Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>19span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1779span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fort Wilson Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1781spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pennsylvania Line Mutiny/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1781span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pompton Mutiny/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1781span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bill Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1782spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Louisiana Suppression of Maroonsand Negroes/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1783span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Craven CountySlave Owner Compensated/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1786spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Belle Island Swamp Fort Destroyed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1786span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Arrest of Job Shattuck/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1787span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shays Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1787span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shays Rebellion continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1787span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Shays Rebels/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1792spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Conspiracy of Celeb/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1792span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Northampton Slaves Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1792spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Richmond Overseer Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1793span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Suppression OfWarwick County Insurrection/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1794span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Albany Arson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1795span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pointe Coupée Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1795spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Swamp Marauders Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1797span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Prince William County Search Resistance/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1797spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Charleston Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1799span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Southampton County Transportation Resistance/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>35spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1800span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Gabriel’s Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1800span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Assaulters of Charleston Overseers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1801span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Two Virginia Slaves in Petersburg/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>15spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>24span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Conspiracies in Eleven North Carolina Counties/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1802spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Two Virginia Slaves inBrunswick/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Two Virginia Slaves in Halifax/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Virginia Slave in Norfolk/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Virginia Slave in Hanover County/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Two More Virginia Slaves in Halifax County For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1802span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Virginia Slave in Henrico County For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1803span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Margaret Bradley Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1804spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Natchitoches Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1805span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Chatham Manor Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1805span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Virginia Slave in Stafford County For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>14 span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1805span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1805 North Carolina Poisoning/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1805span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of One Maryland Slave in Cambridge For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1807spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave Mass Suicide at Charleston/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1811span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>German Coast Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1811span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cabarrus County Runaway Community Invaded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1812spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lexington Arson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1812spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Kentucky Hair Plait Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1812span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Joseph Wood/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1813span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Three Slaves in Williamsburg For Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1815spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boxley’s Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1815spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Camden Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1816spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Youngblood Conquest/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1816spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fort Gadsden Attack on U.S. Navy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>272spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1816spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Destruction of Fort Gadsden/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1817spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>St. Marys Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1817spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Abaellinos Raiders/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1819span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Coots Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1819span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Williamsburg Renegade Community/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1820span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two Slaves Executed in Augusta/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1820span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Jamaican Slaves Rebel in Florida/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1820span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Harry Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1820spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Georgetown Murder/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1821span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Friendly Fire in North Carolina/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>35spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1822span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Vesey’s Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1822span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Jacksonborough Hangings/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1823span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of William Walker/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1823span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Bob Ferebee/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1823span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack onPineville Fugitive Slaves/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1824span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Isam/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1826span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Stone Brothers Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1826span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution ofLeaders of Stone Brothers Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1826span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mutiny on the Decatur/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1826span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of William Bowser/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1827span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fugitive Slaves Killed in South Carolina/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1827span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Austin Woolfolk Assaults Benjamin Lundy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1827span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Nest of Runaways on Alabama River Discovered/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1829span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1829 Louisiana Slave Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1829span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deer Hunters Encounter/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1829span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1829 HanoverCounty Slave Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>8spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1829span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1829 Fist-Fighting Slaves/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1829spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mutiny aboard Lafayette/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1830span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1830 New Orleans Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1830spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1830 Plaquemines Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1830spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Moses Confessions/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>60spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1830span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Preempting NewbernChristmas Attack/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>311spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1831spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Southhampton Insurrection/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1834spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Anti-Abolitionist Riots of 1834/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>398spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1835-8spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Black Seminole Slave Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1835span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Baltimore Bank Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1835span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on William Lloyd Garrison/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1835span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Brazos Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1837span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Elijah Parish Lovejoy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1841spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Creole Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1842span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Dorr Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1842spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1842 Slave Revolt in the CherokeeNation/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1845span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Anti-Rent War/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1845span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Anti-RentWar continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1847span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mutiny Against Robert Paine/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>120span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1849span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Astor Place Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0 span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1850span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Seth Concklin/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1850spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Tailor Strike of 1850/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1851spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Portage Railroad Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1851spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Christiana Resistance/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1854span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Murder of James Batchelder/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1854span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Butman Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1855span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Arsonist Slave Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1855span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Franklin Coleman shoots Charles Dow/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1855spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wakarusa War/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sacking of Lawrence/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Preston Brooks Beats Charles Sumner/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pottawatomie Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave Self-Mutilation at Richmond/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>22spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Osawatomie/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1856span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Whipping of Davidson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1857spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Economic Riots of 1857/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1857span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Arsonist Slave Executed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1857spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1857 Tompkins Square Park BreadRiot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1857spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Economic Riots of 1857/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1858spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Brawl in U.S. House ofRepresentatives/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>19spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1859span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1859-60span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of John Brown’s Party/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1860span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of John Fairfield/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1862span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Culpepper County Conspiracy/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1862span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Buffalo Riot of 1862/p>p classMsoNormal>1862 Emancipation Proclamation Ends Violence By And AgainstSlaves & Sympathizers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>120spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2000span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1863span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Draft Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1863spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Draft Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1864spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of William Walker/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1864spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Burning of Yazoo City/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1864spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Capture of Bob Richardson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1864spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Henry Berry Lowry’s First Murder/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>13spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1865-72span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lowry War/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1865spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Henry Berry Lowry’s Second Murder/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1865spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Henry Berry Lowry’sFamily/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1870spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mamaroneck Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1870spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Workingmens Benevolent AssociationUnion Coal Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1874spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Italian Strikebreakers Killed/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1874spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Tompkins Square Park Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1875spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Attack on Ancient Order of Hibernians/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1875spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Striking Coalminers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1875span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Striking Coalminers’ Meeting/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1875spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Hugh McGeehan/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1875spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Edward Coyle/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1875span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1875span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attacks by and on Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1876span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Three Days of Attacks by and on Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1876span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Five Assassinations by Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Nativist Labor Union Kills Chinese Farmhands/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Molly Maguires/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877-9span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Molly Maguires continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 atMartinsburg/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 at Cumberland/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>49spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>29span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great RailroadStrike of 1877 at Pittsburgh/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reading Railroad Massacre (Great Railroad of 1877 at Reading)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 atChicago/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shamokin Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Turner Hall Raid/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877 Speeches At Tompkins SquarePark/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>113span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1877span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of the Viaduct/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1877spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 at StLouis/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1878span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Union Attack on Coal Creek Replacement Workers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1880sspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York Tenant Riots continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>28spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>15span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1885span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Rock Springs Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1885span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lemont Quarry Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at Fort Worth/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at St Louis/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at East St Louis/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at Wyandotte/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4 spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1886spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Haymarket Shooting/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>259span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Haymarket Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>15spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1886spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bayview Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1886span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>NewYork Streetcar Conductors Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1887spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pattersonville Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>37spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1887span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thibodaux Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1887spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Haymarket Five/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1888spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Delhi Farmers Uprising/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1891spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cotton Pickers Strike of 1891/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>9spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1891span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Morewood Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1891spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lee County Cotton Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>31span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1892span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Homestead Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1892span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Frisco and Gem Mine Strikes/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1892span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Henry Clay Frick/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1892span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Buffalo Switchmens Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1894span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cripple Creek Miner’s Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1894spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hoganites in Coxey’s March/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>34spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>57span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1894span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pullman Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1894span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cripple Creek Miner’s Strike continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1894spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cripple Creek Miner’s Strike atCripple Creek and Telluride/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1895spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1895 New Orleans Dockworkers Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1896span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Leadville Miner’s Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>37span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1897span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lattimer Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>12spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>46span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1898span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Virden/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>28span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1899spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pana Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1899spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bunker Hill Mine Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1899-1900span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bunker Hill MinePrison Camp/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1899span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>First Conflict in Illinois Coal Wars/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1894spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Second Conflict in Illinois CoalWars/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>14spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1900span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>St Louis Streetcar Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1901span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Smuggler-Union Mine Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>250span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1901span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>San Francisco Waterfront Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1901spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of William McKinley/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1901span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Leon Czolgosz/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1902spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Paterson Silk Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>14spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>22span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1902span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1903span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Stanaford/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1903spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Idaho Springs Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1903span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Martial Law in Teller County/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1904spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Vengeance for Explosion atIndependence Depot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1904spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Victor Prospectors/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1904spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Dunnville Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1904span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Amalgamated Meat Cutters First Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>21spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>416span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1905span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1905 Chicago Teamsters Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1905spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Federmans Bakery Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1907span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Peter J.Cramer/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1907span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>San Francisco Streetcar Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1908spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spokane Free Speech Fight/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1908span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Battle at McFerrin Hotel/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>26spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1909span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pressed Steel Car Strike of 1909/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1909span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Uprising of 20,000/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1910span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Tampa Lynchings of 1910/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1910-11span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Westmoreland County Coal Strike of 1910–1911/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1910spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spokane Free Speech Fight continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1910spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spokane Free Speech Fight continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>21spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1910span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Los Angeles Times Bombing and Fire/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1910span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Llewellyn Iron Works Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>11spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Somerset Railroad Sniper Attacks/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spokane Free Speech Fight continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1911span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strikeof 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strikeof 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strikeof 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1911span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strikeof 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1911spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>33spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912-1913spanstylemso-tab-count:1> /span>West Virginia Mine War of 1912-1913(Not Covered Below)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>San Diego Free Speech Fight/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Anna LoPizzo/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of John Ramey/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lawrence “Bread and Roses” TextileStrike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Grabow Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Phillip “Joe” Ferro/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death ofCharles “Leather Britches” Smith/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1912span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Jonas Smolskas/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913-14span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colorado Coal Field War (Not Covered Below)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Gregory Popoff/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike at Mucklow/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Paterson Silk Strike of 1913/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Draper Company Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified IWW Death at Wilson Creek/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of NicolettaPantelopoulou/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>United Fruit Company Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Paterson Silk Strike of 1913continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wheatland Hop Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Seeberville Murders/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of JamesDonovan/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Parade at Calumet/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Indianapolis Streetcar Strike of1913/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Painesdale Murders/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>73spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Italian Hall Disaster/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Rafael Adames/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on CharlesMoyer/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1913span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Trampling of Women at Trinidad/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>19spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ludlow Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Louis Tikas/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Revenge for Assassination of LouisTikas/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colorado Coalfield War (Not AlreadyCovered)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1914span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Butte Miner’s Hall Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>24span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1914span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lexington Avenue Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1914spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hartford Coal Mine Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1914span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Fight to Obtain Food in Montana/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Liebig Fertilizer Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1915span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Roosevelt Strike Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of BJ Bradley/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1915span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bayonne Refinery Strike of 1915/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mellon Aluminum Mill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of “Doc” Roy JosephHorton/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1915span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Execution of Joe Hill/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Youngstown Strike of 1916/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>100span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Poisoning of George Mundelein’sGuests/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aborted Carnegie Steel Parade/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mesabi Iron Range Strike of 1916/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Frank Wells/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Preparedness Day Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Henry Burk/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>34span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1916span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bayonne Refinery Strike of 1916/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1916spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Vigilante Gauntlet at Everett/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>47span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1916span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Everett Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of “IWW John”/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Death of Martinus Petkus/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Louis Jalleani/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>152spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>East St. Louis Riots/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Death of Mr. Shoemaker/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Nick Luona/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bisbee Deportation/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Frank Little/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>8spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Green Corn Rebellion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified IWW Death at Glencoe/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>IWW Death of Mr snd Mrs Thomas Simons/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Verner Nelson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of AugustGiuliana/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of NickLuona/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Centralia Red Cross Parade/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1917spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Kaisa Kreeta Jackson/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>American WoolCompany Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Boston Telephone Strike of 1919/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Thomas Hardwick/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>40span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>May Day Riots of 1919/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of A. Mitchell Palmer/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wounding of Jacob Isler/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Charles Nott/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Fannie Sellins/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>9spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1919spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Boston Police Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Steel Strike of 1919/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>242spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1919spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Elaine Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Centralia Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1919span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Bogalusa Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Hugh B. Haran/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Anaconda Road Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Suicide or Murderof Andrea Salsedo/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Matewan Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Philadelphia Longshoreman’s Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>33span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Denver Streetcar Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Denver Streetcar Strike continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>22span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Denver Streetcar Strike continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>38span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>400span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wallstreet Bombing/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920 Alabama Coal Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Joe Bagley/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1920span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deaths of AdrianNorthcutt and Willie Baird/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>11spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1921span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Jasper County Murders/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1921span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassination of Sid Hatfield/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1921spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack at Sharples/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1921spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack by James E. Wilburn/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>130spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1921spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Blair Mountain/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Amalgamated MeatCutters Second Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Amalgamated Meat Cutters Second Strike continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Paul Bernarcek (Bednartik)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>36spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1922spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Herrin Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Buffalo Streetcar Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1923span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Harrison Railroad Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified IWW Death at Feather River /p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1922span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of William J. McKay/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1923span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Liberty Hill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1924spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hanapepe Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1926spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1926 Passaic Textile Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1927span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution of Sacco and Vanzetti/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>11span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1927span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Columbine Mine Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1927spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Columbine Mine Strike at Walsenburg/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1929span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Loray Mill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1929span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Ella Mae Wiggins/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>17span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1929span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Marion Textile Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1923span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>H.C. Aberle Mill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1923span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mammoth Mills Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1931spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Evarts/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1931span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Clara Holden/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1931span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Iowa Cow War/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>24span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1932span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ford Hunger March Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1932span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Eviction of Bonus Army/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1932spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of WebsterThayer/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933 Wisconsin Milk Strike atAppleton/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933 Wisconsin Milk Strike in Racine County/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933 Wisconsin Milk Strike between Saukville and Grafton/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>20span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Spang-Chalfant Seamless Tube Mill Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pixley Cotton Strike at Woodville/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>18span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pixley Cotton Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pixley Cotton Strike at Arvin/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shooting of Progressive Miner/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1933span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1933 Wisconsin Milk Strike at Burke/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>KKK Abducts Citrus Worker Unionist/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike at Wilmington/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of Toledo/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934 West Coast Waterfront Strikeat Seattle/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bloody Thursday (1934 West CoastWaterfront Strike at San Francisco)/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>47span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Kohler Strike of 1934/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Minneapolis Teamsters Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1934spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 atTrion/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Longshoremen Shoot Replacement Workers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 at Augusta/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>30span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 at Honea Path/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 at Saylesville/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>15span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1934span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Textile Workers Strike of 1934 at Woonsocket/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1935spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Monarch Mills Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1935span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Pacific Northwest Lumber Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1935span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Dallas Public Spanking/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1935span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Arthur G. Ross/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1935span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Death of Joseph A. Shoemaker/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3 IWW Deaths from Pierce, Idaho Ambush/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Good Friday Bombings/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1936 International Seamans Union Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW Death of Blackie Hyman/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galveston Bay Dock Wars, 1936-7/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1 spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1936span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galveston Bay Dock Wars, 1936-7, continued/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>50span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1937span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Stockton Cannery Strike of 1937/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1937spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Battle of the Overpass/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>10spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>140span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1937span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Memorial Day Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>16spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>283span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1937span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Womens Day Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1937spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Moltrup Steel Products Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1937spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Alcoa Aluminum Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1937spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack on Massillon Union Hall/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1938span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Lloyd Rourke/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>50span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1938span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hilo Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1938spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Raymond Cooke/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>3spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1959spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>United Mine Workers Strike of 1959/p>p classMsoNormal>1932-45 New Deal Legislation Ends Violence By And AgainstWorkers & Sympathizers/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1948span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Walter Reuther/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1949span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Victor Reuther/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1968spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Memphis Sanitation Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>6spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1970span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Walter Reuther/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1973span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Filming of “Harlan County, USA”/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1974span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Wilma Schesler/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1974span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of Karen Silkwood/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>35span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1979span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Imperial Valley Lettuce Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>5span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1979span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Greensboro Massacre/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1986spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1985 Hormel Strike/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>44span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1988span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Tompkins Square Park Police Riot/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0 spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1990span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attempted Assassination of Judi Bari/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>1998span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Death of David Chain/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>1span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>2014span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Rescue of Christopher Smith/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>0span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>2span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>2015span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Attack On FuerzaLaboral/p>p classMsoNormal>b>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>4162spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>7625span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Totalso:p>/o:p>/b>/p>span stylefont-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA>br clearall stylepage-break-before:always>/span>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shapetype id_x0000_t75 coordsize21600,21600 o:spt75 o:preferrelativet pathm@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe filledf strokedf> v:stroke joinstylemiter/> v:formulas> v:f eqnif lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0/> v:f eqnsum @0 1 0/> v:f eqnsum 0 0 @1/> v:f eqnprod @2 1 2/> v:f eqnprod @3 21600 pixelWidth/> v:f eqnprod @3 21600 pixelHeight/> v:f eqnsum @0 0 1/> v:f eqnprod @6 1 2/> v:f eqnprod @7 21600 pixelWidth/> v:f eqnsum @8 21600 0/> v:f eqnprod @7 21600 pixelHeight/> v:f eqnsum @10 21600 0/> /v:formulas> v:path o:extrusionokf gradientshapeokt o:connecttyperect/> o:lock v:extedit aspectratiot/>/v:shapetype>v:shape id_x0000_s1098 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute; margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:253.7pt;height:4in;z-index:36; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image001.jpg o:title01 - Indentured Servants/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width338 height384src./index_files/image002.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1098>!endif>i>1656,Maryland/i>—b>Death of Tony/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave runs away and is recaptured twice, goes on sit-down strike,refusing to be slave, is whipped and burnt with hot lard until he dies, and hismaster, though charged with his murder, is vindicated by provincial court—1killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 133-4/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1656, Virginia/i>—b>Vindication of Reverend Gray/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reverend whips and brands his slave who hadrun away, killing him, and is vindicated because "such accidents willhappen every now and then"—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 134/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 1, 1663, Cooks Quarter, Virginia/i>—b>GlousterCounty Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fellow servantleaks plans of nine European indentured servants (who throughout colonies are,just like African slaves who will later supplant them, malnourished, regularlywhipped, in words of one female servant, “tied up and whippd to that Degreethat youd not serve an Animal,” forbidden to marry, and bought and sold,leading one French buccaneer to comment that slaves on Hispaniola are bettertreated than indentured servants in America), to free themselves by force ofarms, and that servant is rewarded with his freedom and 5,000 pounds oftobacco, to encourage others likewise to betray their friends—4 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring to Summer, 1676, Virginia/i>—b>Bacon’s Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>European indentured servants, Africanslaves, freed servants having received poor land, and frontiersman disgruntledat lack of protection from Native Americans unite against ruling class inVirginia, killing colonists and Native Americans, displacing rulers, andburning capitol of Jamestown to ground—43+ killed (at least 8 colonists, 12English soldiers, 23 hanged rebels, but not including non-class-relatedkillings of many, many Native Americans), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1687, Northern Neck Region , Virginia/i>—b>NorthernNeck Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slaves conspire tokill large number of European-Americans, but are discovered and executed, and becauseconspiracy was formed at mass funeral, all future mass funerals are prohibited—X killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 166/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1688, Maryland/i>—b>Iron Collar Punishment/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave convicted of conspiracy is whipped andforced to wear strong iron collar for rest of his life—0 killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 166-7/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Early 1708, Newton, Long Island , New York/i>—b>NewtonRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African and NativeAmerican slaves kill European-Americans, and subsequently are themselves caughtand executed, men by hanging, and one woman by burning—11 killed 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 169/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1710, Surry and James City Counties, Virginia/i>—b>EasterDay Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two African slavesare executed for having plotted an insurrection to have taken place the priorEaster Day—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 170-1/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1103 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:152.75pt;height:207.7pt; z-index:37;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image003.jpg o:title01a - Slave Collar ca 1800 - 300/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width204 height277src./index_files/image004.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1103>!endif>i>Spring,1711, South Carolina/i>—b>Death of/b> b>Sebastian/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Indian hunter tracks down leader ofinsurgent slaves who were plundering homes—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 171/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 6, 1712, New York City, New York/i>—b>New YorkSlave Revolt of 1712/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaveCofi leads African slaves and Native Americans to burn buildings and killEuropean-Americans before they are caught, and then they are executed byhanging, burning, breaking on wheel, and suspending from chains, and laws arechanged to prohibit freed African-Americans from owning land or gathering ingroups of more than three, and to execute them for property damage, and slaveowners are charged an exorbitant tax to free their slaves—30 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 19, 1713, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston BreadRiot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200 poor people looking forfood break into ships and warehouses of wealthy grain exporter and shootlieutenant governor when he tries to intervene—0 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 24, 1720, South Carolina/i>—b>Carolina Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves are burned or hanged orbanished for their plot to “destroy all the white people,” though some escapeto seek help from Creek Native Americans in St Augustine, Florida—14 killed, Xwoundedb>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Aptheker, p174-5/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1729, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia/i>—b>VirginiaSlave Settlement Attacked/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>ArmedEuropean-Americans attack settlement of runaway African slaves, killing anindeterminate number before returning rest to slavery—X killed, X woundedb>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Aptheker, p 179/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1730, Norfolk and Princess Anne Counties, Virginia/i>—b>NorfolkRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200 African slaves,falsely believing Governor Alexander Spotswood has been sent by English king tofree all slaves who are Christians, gather to choose leader for rebellion—4killed, X woundedb>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Aptheker, p79-80, 179-80/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1730, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>Samba Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slave woman is hanged, and eightAfrican slave men are broken on wheel, after conspiracy to rebel under leadernamed Samba is uncovered by torture—9 killed, X woundedb>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Aptheker, p 181-2/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1732, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>New OrleansConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slave woman ishanged, and four African slave men are broken on wheel, then all their headsare displayed on poles, after their conspiracy to rebel is uncovered bytorture—5 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker,p 182/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1094 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:160.3pt;height:269.85pt; z-index:34;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-101 0 -101 21540 21600 21540 21600 0 -101 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image005.jpg o:title02 - Ultimate Degradation/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width214 height360src./index_files/image006.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1094>!endif>i>1734,Somerville, New Jersey/i>—b>Somerville Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves conspire to kill their ownersand escape to nearby Native American villages, believing that English King hadfreed them but that their owners had kept this secret, but plot is uncoveredbefore it happens, and slaves are punished with whipping, ears being cut off,and hanging—1 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 80/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1734, Burlington County, New Jersey/i>—b>BurlingtonCounty Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavesconspire to kill owners and rape their wives and escape to nearby French andNative American villages, believing that English King had freed them but thattheir owners had kept this secret, but plot is uncovered before it happens, andslaves are punished with whipping, ears being cut off, and hanging—1 killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 80/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1734, South Carolina/i>—b>Reward Urged/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In mass escape of African slaves to freedomoffered by Spanish in Florida, reward is urged for European servant and Africanslaves who caught and killed leader of band of slave outlaws—1 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 183/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring, 1734, Prince Georges County, Maryland/i>—b>PrinceGeorges/b> b>Rebellion Betrayed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves escape from jail and unite with other renegade slaves andtogether plot to capture towns magazine and establish their own government,but plot is betrayed by unaffiliated African slave—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 191-2/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1738, Georgia/i>—b>Georgians Killed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In mass escape of African slaves to freedomoffered by Spanish in Florida, slaves from South Carolina kill inhabitants ofGeorgia en route to Florida—X killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 186/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1739, South Carolina/i>—b>South CaroliniansKilled or Wounded/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In mass escapeof African slaves to freedom offered by Spanish in Florida, band of slavesallied with Spaniard and Irishman kill one European-American and wound threeothers en route to Florida—1 killed, 3 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 187/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 9, 1739, South Carolina/i>—b>Stono Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slave Cato leads other Africanslaves to kill warehouse guards, steal weapons, march with drums and flags andcalls for liberty, burn buildings, and kill European-Americans, until they aredefeated in battle, survivors being shot, hanged, and gibbeted alive, notreaching their destination of St. Augustine, Florida, where Spanish would grantthem their freedom, Spanish believed perhaps even to have fomented rebellion,Spain being at war with England—75 killed (another source said 64), X wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1740, Charles Town, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlesTown Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavenamed Peter, rewarded with clothes and span stylemso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:#222222;background:white>£/span>20 cash, betrays conspiracy among hisfellow African slaves, who are hanged in batches of ten per day to discourageother would-be conspirators—50 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 189/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1741, Hackensack, New Jersey/i>—b>HackensackArson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves executed byburning for arson—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 194/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1107 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:375pt;height:277.5pt; z-index:39;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image007.jpg o:title04/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width500 height370src./index_files/image007.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1107>!endif>i>May1 to July 29, 1741, New York City, New York/i>—b>Conspiracy of 1741/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After forcing confessions to falseaccusation of setting fires, state of New York executes European-Americans,both male and female, including Spanish priest and indentured servant, andAfrican slaves, some by hanging (by ropes or chains), and others by burning—35killed (another source said 21), 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1741, Charles Town, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlesTown Arson 01/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Female African slavecondemned to die for arson—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 190/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August, 1741, Charles Town, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlesTown Arson 02/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Male African slave burntto death for arson—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 190/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1742, Maryland/i>—b>Execution of Seven Slaves/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Maryland executes seven slaves formurdering their master—8 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 5, 1744, South Carolina/i>—b>Notchee NativeAmericans Enlisted/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Governor askslocal Native Americans to help destroy outpost of armed, runaway Africanslaves—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker,p. 195/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1745, Newark, New Jersey/i>—b>Attack on Newark Jail/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Crowd clubs guard and sheriff and thenbreaks down jail to free two men arrested for earlier having freed debtorjailed for nonpayment of rent—0 killed, 2+ woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Zinn/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1755, Maryland/i>—b>Maryland Slaves Hanged ForPoisoning Masters/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In 1755 alone,five slaves are hanged for attempting to poison four different masters, one ofthem actually succeeding in killing his master—6 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p. 143-4.spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Maryland has ahrefhttp://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000819/pdf/chart27.pdf>detailedonline records/a> of slaves it hanged between 1726 and 1775, for anyone withpatience enough to pore over them./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1756, Virginia/i>—b>Execution of Unpaid Soldiers/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Richest man in America, aristocrat GeorgeWashington, newly appointed general of the Virginia militia, who travels withprivate retinue that feeds and clothes him finely while his troops eat hardtackand wear rags, punishes 14 troops who desert in protest of unpaid wages, 12with an average of 600 lashes each, and 2 by hanging on 40-foot high gallows,to serve as, in his words, “an example”—2 killed, 12 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Summer, 1759, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlestonSlave Revolt Crushed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Officialscrush African slaves "serious attempt at revolt"—X killed, X woundedAptheker, p. 197/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1028 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:220.55pt;height:347.4pt; z-index:1;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-85 0 -85 21546 21600 21546 21600 0 -85 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image008.jpg o:title03 - New York Anti Rent Poster/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width294 height463src./index_files/image009.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1028>!endif>i>1761,Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>Charleston Slaves Poison Masters/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves poison theirEuropean-American masters—X killed, X wounded Aptheker, p. 197/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1766, Hudson Valley, NewYork/i>—b>New York Tenant Riots/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New landlord tears down houses of poortenants, killing some and imprisoning others, who later are released by otherpoor tenants tearing down jail—1+ killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1766, Maryland/i>—b>Arsonist Slave Executed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Maryland executes slave woman who had burneddown masters home, tobacco house, and outhouses—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 145/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March , 1766, Dutchess County, New York/i>—b>GreatDutchess Tenant Uprising of 1766/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Philipse Family tries to evict William Prendergast from their estate,but Prendergast foments tenant rebellion which leads to 1700 armed tenantsclosing court and breaking open jails in Poughkeepsie, and though Prendergastis sentenced to hang he is reprieved by governor—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 26, 1766, Hudson Valley, NewYork/i>—b>New YorkTenant Riots continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Poortenants rioting in protest of cruel landlord shootout with county sheriff anddeputies—4 killed, 7+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 19, 1766, Hudson Valley, NewYork/i>—b>Executionof New York Tenant Riots Leader/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Leader of tenant riots convicted in court and sentenced to death—1killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1767, Alexandria, Virginia/i>—b>Alexandria SlavesPoison Masters/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Several slaveoverseers die from poisoning and four African slaves are executed for thosedeaths, their heads then cut off and fixed to chimneys of courthouse—4+ killed,0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 198-9/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1768, Hillsborough, North Carolina/i>—b>RegulatorsBreak Up Court/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Farmersimpoverished by draught, called “Regulators,” who at one time send 700 of theirnumber to forcibly break two of their leaders out of jail, protest againstgovernmental treatment of debtors by destroying court building, beating twomerchants and three lawyers, one lawyer so badly that he nearly loses an eye,and looting stores—0 killed, 5 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1770, Beaufort, Pitt, & Craven Counties, NorthCarolina/i>—b>North Carolina Conspiracy Crushed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of North Carolina whips and crops earsof five African slaves convicted of conspiring to foment large generalrebellion—0 killed, 5 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p202-3/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 22, 1770, New York/i>—b>New York/b> b>SeamenFight/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colonial seaman fightBritish soldiers for taking their jobs—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 2, 1770, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston/b> b>RopemakersFight/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colonial ropemakers, upsetat British soldiers taking side jobs as ropemakers, beat one soldier, whobrings back other soldiers for renewed fighting—0 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1029 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:210.15pt;height:267.1pt; z-index:2;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-74 0 -74 21541 21600 21541 21600 0 -74 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image010.jpg o:title04 - First Battle/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width280 height356src./index_files/image011.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1029>!endif>i>March5, 1770, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ropemakers fight of three days prior leadsto renewed fighting and eventual British shooting of colonial ropemakers,sailors, and other unaffiliated but concerned citizens—5 killed, 6 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 16, 1771, Alamance County, North Carolina/i>—b>Battleof Alamance/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Regulators shoot outwith governor’s militia—18-36 killed, 85–161 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May-June, 1771, Alamance County, North Carolina/i>—b>Executionof Regulators/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Leaders of the Regulatorsare hanged—7 killed (another source said 6), 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1772, Savannah, Georgia/i>—b>Slaves Arson KillsChild/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Grand jury reports thatAfrican Slaves set fire to European-Americans house, killing child within—1killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 200/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1774, St Andrews Parish, Georgia/i>—b>StAndrews Parish Rebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Male andfemale African slaves rise up in rebellion and kill four European-Americans andwound three others before being subdued, and at lest two rebels are burnedalive as punishment—6 killed, 3 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 201/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 4, 1779, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>FortWilson Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>James Wilson, signerof Declaration of Independence and opponent of Pennsylvania’s price controlsand democratic constitution, is forced inside his home along with 35 colleaguesby rioters emboldened by sanction from by President of Pennsylvanias SupremeExecutive Council, until rescued by local military bands—6 killed, 19 (anothersource said 17) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 1, 1781, Morristown, New Jersey/i>—b>PennsylvaniaLine Mutiny/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pennsylvania troopsleave their post in New Jersey to march on federal and state congresses inPhiladelphia to demand wages equal to troops in other states and receive anegotiated settlement, and a similar mutiny two years later (Pennsylvaniamutiny of 1783), though bloodless, causes federal congress to flee Philadelphiapermanently and create federal District of Columbia in which to meet—1 killed,X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 20, 1781, Pompton Camp, New Jersey/i>—b>PomptonMutiny/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New Jersey troops,mimicking Pennsylvania Line Mutiny, march on state congress at Trenton forredress of their wage grievances, but, being far less in number than theirPennsylvania counterparts, are captured and their leaders executed by forcedfiring squad of their own weeping companions—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May, 1781, Prince William County, Virginia/i>—b>BillExecuted/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave named Bill issentenced to death for "waging . . .span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>war against the Commonwealth"—1 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p 207/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1084 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:188.7pt;height:280.8pt; z-index:29;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-77 0 -77 21549 21600 21549 21600 0 -77 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image012.jpg o:title05 - Daniel Shays/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width252 height374src./index_files/image013.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1084>!endif>i>1782-4,Spanish Province Of Louisiana/i>—b>Louisiana Suppression Of Maroons AndNegroes/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>25 Maroons and Negroes ledby St. Malo, probably escaped slaves, are caught and punished with hanging,branding, or hundreds of lashes—X killed, X wounded Aptheker, p 207/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 23, 1783, Craven County, North Carolina/i>—b>CravenCounty Slave Owner Compensated/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of North Carolina reimburses William Bryan £50 for African slavekilled while suppressing other slaves—1 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p 203/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 11 and 13, 1786, Outside Savannah, Georgia/i>—b>BelleIsle Swamp Fort Destroyed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In oneof very few successful attacks on runaway maroons hiding in Great Dismal Swampregion of southeast U.S., area made popularly known by Harriet Beecher Stowesnovel, Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp, Georgia and South Carolinamilitias along with their Native American allies destroy a fort, casualtiesbeing variously described as "heavy" or "killing a handful ofmaroons"—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>mostly in Aptheker, p 209/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 30, 1786, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Arrest ofJob Shattuck/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Leader is wounded bysword during his arrest for shutting down debtors court with his force ofRegulators, disaffected farmers organized into military force by disaffectedex-military personnel such as Luke Day and Daniel Shays, both of whom had goneinto debt because they had not been paid as promised for their militaryservice, even though Shays had been wounded in that service, and both of whomhad been in debtors court because of that lack of payment, Day even spendingtime in debtors prison—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 25, 1787, Springfield, Massachusetts/i>—b>ShaysRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Private army funded byrich merchants fires cannon into force of Regulators under Daniel Shays’command attempting to seize armory—4 killed, 20 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 27, 1787, Sheffield, Massachusetts/i>—b>ShaysRebellion continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bands ofregulators, after having raided shops and homes of merchants and professionalsin Stockbridge, encounter local militia—2 killed, 30+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 6, 1787, Massachusett/i>s—b>Execution of/b> b>ShaysRebels/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Although roughly 4000Regulators sign confessions, and hundreds are indicted on various rebel-relatedcrimes, and eighteen are even sentenced to death, only two are actuallyexecuted, by hanging—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 17, 1792, Petersburg, Virginia/i>—b>Conspiracy OfCeleb/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Letter describes hugestockpile of arms discovered in possession of African slaves led by slaveCeleb, several of whom "it is expected will be hanged"—X killed, 0wounded Aptheker, p 211/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 9, 1792, Northampton, Virginia/i>—b>NorthamptonSlaves Executed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Three Africanslaves are executed of the six that had attacked European-American patrolman—3killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 213/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1137 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:282pt;height:258pt; z-index:52;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image014.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width376 height344src./index_files/image014.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1137>!endif>i>November19, 1792, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>Richmond Overseer Killed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Letter tells of armed European-Americanoverseer of slaves killed by African slave—1 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p213/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 25, 1793, Warwick County, Virginia/i>—b>SuppressionOf/b> b>Warwick County Insurrection/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Militia commander requests arms to suppress African slave insurrectioninspired by Haitian Revolution, though already suppressed somewhat by executionof one leader—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 214-5/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Early 1794, Albany, New York/i>—b>Albany Arson/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One male and two female African slaves areexecuted for 1793 arson—3 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 215/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring 1795, Pointe Coupée Parish, Louisiana/i>—b>PointeCoupée Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Disagreementover when to begin attack foils African slave insurrection, and 25 rebels arekilled while resisting arrest and equal number are hanged, their dead bodiesleft up to warn other slaves against such action—50 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 215-6/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June & July, 1795, Wilmington, North Carolina/i>—b>SwampMarauders Killed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Runaway Africanslaves hiding in swamps stage nighttime attacks on European-American slaveowners, till most are killed by hunting parties or captured and executed—10killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 217/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1797, Prince William County, Virginia/i>—b>PrinceWilliam County Search Resistance/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves resisting search by European-American patrol results inviolence and death on both sides—10 killed, 2 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 219/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1797, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>CharlestonConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slaves are banished orexecuted for conspiring to burn city—3 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p 97/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1799, Southampton County, Virginia/i>—b>SouthamptonCounty Transportation Resistance/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves resisting transport from Virginia to Georgia kill European-Americanoverseers, but are caught and executed—12 (another source said 6) killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 219/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 30, 1800, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>Gabriel’sRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave Gabriel, whoseowner, Mr. Prosser, according to letter written to Thomas Jefferson, "hadbehaved with great barbarity to his slaves," organizes rebellion,intending to spare Frenchmen, Quakers, and Methodists, all of whom areperceived to be advocates of freeing slaves (French because of their own recentnational rebellion, Quakers because of their outspoken opposition to slavery,and Methodists because in 1797 20% of Methodists are of African decent), butrebellion is stopped by flood that washes out bridges—35 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1106 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:284.25pt;height:287.25pt; z-index:38;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image015.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width379 height383src./index_files/image015.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1106>!endif>i>October22, 1800, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>Execution of Assaulters ofCharleston Overseers/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Execution ofslaves for assaulting their overseers eight weeks prior is reported in press,though this incident, like all similar incidents at that time, is downplayed bypress, which does not even mention "slaves" or "Africans"as subject of article, so as not to incite other African slaves to violence—1+killed, 1+ wounded Aptheker, p 157-8/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January, 1801, Petersburg, Virginia/i>—b>Execution ofTwo Virginia Slaves In Petersburg For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>State of Virginia executes two slaves from Nottoway County forconspiring to kill European-Americans of the master class—2 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 228/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1802, North Carolina/i>—b>Conspiracies in Eleven NorthCarolina Counties/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slaveconspiracies in Camden, Bertie, Currituck, Martin, Halifax, Pasquotank,Hertford, Wake, Washington, Warren, and Charlotte counties in North Carolinaresult in scores arrested, fifteen executed, and dozens tortured—15 killed, 24+woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 231-232/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1802, Brunswick, Virginia/i>—b>Execution ofTwo Virginia Slaves in Brunswick For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>State of Virginia executes two slaves for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—2 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 228/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1802, Halifax, Virginia/i>—b>Execution of TwoVirginia Slaves in Halifax For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes two slaves for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—2 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 228/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1802, Norfolk, Virginia/i>—b>Execution of OneVirginia Slave in Norfolk For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes one slave, and reprieves another for"weak-mindedness," instead banishing him, for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 228-9/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1802, Hanover County, Virginia/i>—b>Execution ofOne Virginia Slave in Hanover County For Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes one slave andbanishes another for conspiring to kill European-Americans of the masterclass—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p229/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 13 andspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>July1, 1802, Halifax, Virginia/i>—b>Execution of Two More Virginia Slaves inHalifax County For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes two slaves for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 230/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1802, Henrico County, Virginia/i>—b>Execution ofOne Virginia Slave in Henrico County For Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of Virginia executes one slave forconspiring to kill European-Americans of the master class—1 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 230/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1138 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:170.25pt;height:265.5pt; z-index:53;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image016.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width227 height354src./index_files/image016.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1138>!endif>i>February,1803, York, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Margaret Bradley Riots/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two African slaves are hanged and fivesentenced to twelve years hard labor for their part in riots that destroyedeleven buildings resulting from conviction of female slave in Philadelphia forattempting to poison two European-American women—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October, 1804, Natchitoches, Louisiana/i>—b>NatchitochesConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Nine African slavessteal weapons and horses and reach Spanish territory in Florida, Spanish RoyalDecree of 1789 granting both freedom and land to fugitive slaves, but one iswounded who implicates 30 others in conspiracy—X killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January, 1805, Fredericksburg, Virginia/i>—b>ChathamManor Rebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantescapture African slaves who overpowered and whipped their overseers—3 killed, 5wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1805, Stafford County, Virginia/i>—b>Executionof One Virginia Slave in Stafford County For Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two African slaves are convicted of"conspiracy and insurrection,":span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One is banished, other is hanged—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 241/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1805, Johnston, Sampson, and Wayne County, NorthCarolina/i>—b>1805 North Carolina Poisoning/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Many European-American masters are poisoned, two of whom die, andtwenty African slaves are arrested for it, one woman burned alive, three orfour others hanged, one banished, and rest are whipped or pilloried or earsnailed down then cut off—7 killed, 14 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 241-2/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1805, Cambridge, Maryland/i>—b>Execution of OneMaryland Slave in Cambridge For Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Two men of African descent are arrested for "attempting toraise an insurrection":span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Freemangets seven years hard labor, slave is hanged—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 240-1/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1807, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>Slave MassSuicide at Charleston/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Twoshiploads of slaves starve themselves to death— X killed (this could easily behundreds of deaths for which I unfortunately could find no number), Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 142-3/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 8-10, 1811, Territory of Orleans/i>—b>GermanCoast Uprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>U.S. Army, localmilitia, and local vigilantes kill, capture, and execute by firing squaduprising of 4-500 African slaves beginning from plantation of U.S. Army MajorAndry, who is wounded and his son killed, and string up rebels heads atregular intervals from New Orleans to Andrys plantation—100 (another sourcesaid 97, and another source said 83) killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1811, Cabarrus County, North Carolina/i>—b>CabarrusCounty Runaway Community Invaded/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Armed European Americans invade community of runaway African slaves,killing two men, wounding one man, and capturing two women—2 killed, 1woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 251/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1121 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:183.35pt;height:260.9pt; z-index:44;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image017.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width244 height348src./index_files/image017.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1121>!endif>i>January,1812, Lexington, Kentucky/i>—b>Lexington Arson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Of three African slaves convicted of arson, only one isexecuted—1 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker,p 252/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>After June 18, 1812, from Maysville to Henderson,Kentucky/i>—b>Kentucky Hair Plait Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>After outbreak of War of 1812, slaves over a three hundred milerange conspiring to get their freedom identify one another by wearing hairplait over their left eyes, but conspiracy is uncovered and they are whippedand their hair plaits cut off—0 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 252/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 13, 1812, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>Executionof/b> b>Joseph Wood/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>European-Americanis executed for conspiring to help African slaves rebel—1 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 254/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 23, 1813, Williamsburg, Virginia/i>—b>Executionof Three Slaves in Williamsburg for Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>State of Virginia executes three slaves for conspiring to killEuropean-Americans of the master class—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 255/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 6, 1815, Spotsylvania, Virginia/i>—b>Boxley’sRebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave leaks plans offormer slave owner turned abolitionist to start slave rebellion, and though heis captured along with his men, he escapes from jail and continues hisabolitionist work in different state—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 4, 1815, Camden, South Carolina/i>—b>CamdenConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of South Carolinaexecutes six slaves for conspiring to kill European-Americans of the masterclass and burn their homes, their leaders ironically also occupying highpositions in local church—6 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 257-8/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1816, Ashepoo, South Carolina/i>—b>Youngblood Conquest/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Governor of South Carolina notes thatMajor-General Youngblood "captured or destoryed" whole band ofescaped slaves hiding in swamps—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 258-9/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 17, 1816, Flint River, Georgia/i>—b>Fort Gadsden(aka Fort Blount) Attack on U.S. Navy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>300 fugitive African slaves and 30 Seminole and Choctaw Native Americansin British fort left over from war of 1812 fire on U.S. naval vessel—4 killed,X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 26, 1816, Flint River, Georgia/i>—b>Destruction ofFort Gadsden (aka Fort Blount)/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>U.S. armed forces blow up fort occupied by fugitive African slaves andNative Americans, and execute their leaders, scalping one—272 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1079 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:205.3pt; z-index:26;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-50 0 -50 21523 21600 21523 21600 0 -50 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image018.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height274src./index_files/image019.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1079>!endif>i>April7, 1817, St. Marys County, Maryland/i>—b>St. Marys Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200 African slaves attack European-Americanswith sticks and rocks before being subdued by police—X killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 262/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1817, Wake County, North Carolina/i>—b>AbaellinosRaiders/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Renegade African slavesraid European-American establishments, and, though rewards are offered, theyare apparently never caught—1+ killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 262/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring, 1819, Augusta, Georgia/i>—b>Coots Conspiracy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves, with at least oneEuropean-American, conspire to attack city with fire but are defeated, and oneconspirator is punished with 10 times 25 lashes, branded "R" on hischeek, and ears cut off—2+ killed, 1+ woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 263/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1819, Williamsburg County, South Carolina/i>—b>Attackon Williamsburg Renegade Community/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Band of European-Americans attacks community of renegade Africanslaves—3 killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p263/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 1, 1820, Augusta, Georgia/i>—b>Two SlavesExecuted in Augusta/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State ofGeorgia executes two African slaves for killing European-American, one byhanging, then decapitation, and then his head put on display—3 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 263/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1820, Florida/i>—b>Jamaican Slaves Rebel inFlorida/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Newly arrived slaves fromJamaica rebel but are quickly subdued by U.S. troops—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 266/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Spring, 1820, Gates County, North Carolina/i>—b>HarryKilled/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After band of runawayAfrican slaves kill European-American, their leader, named "Harry,"is caught and killed—2 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 266-7/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1820, Georgetown, South Carolina/i>—b>GeorgetownMurder/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Band of outlaw runawayAfrican slaves kills slaveholder—1 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 267/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1120 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:196.5pt;height:256.5pt; z-index:43;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image020.jpg o:title06/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width262 height342src./index_files/image020.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1120>!endif>i>Augustand September, 1821, Onslow, Carteret, and Bladen Counties, North Carolina/i>—b>FriendlyFire in North Carolina/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Twocompanies of militia accidentally fire on each other—0 killed, 12 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 267/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June to July 1822, Charleston, South Carolina/i>—b>Vesey’sConspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves,numbering into thousands—not including 6600 to 9000 more slaves outside ofCharleston who cannot be alerted in time that date of attack has been advancedone month due to arrests of top leaders—armed with hundreds of pike heads,bayonets, and daggers, and believing that the Missouri Compromise proves thatfederal government has outlawed slavery but that their own masters simply refuseto follow new law, plan with their leader Denmark Vesey, free African-Americanex-slave who is multilingual and quotes the Bible to support his rebellion, toburn Charleston, sixth largest city in U.S., and flee to Haiti, only country inworld ever able to stage successful slave rebellion, but their plan is leakedby fellow slaves, resulting in rebels capture and execution of leaders, andnew draconian South Carolina laws, such as every free African-American overfifteen years old must have guardian in attendance, prohibition againstteaching African slaves how to read or write, and imprisonment of any shipscrew member of African descent who leaves his vessel until ships captain paysfine—37 (another source said 35) killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1822, Jacksonborough, South Carolina/i>—b>JacksonboroughHangings/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State of South Carolinahangs 3 armed runaway African slaves, who had been captured, and were possiblyassociated with Veseys Conspiracy, as werespan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>twenty more maroons for whose capture state governor offers two hundreddollars following month—3 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 273/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 12, 1823, Norfolk County, Virginia/i>—b>Death ofWilliam Walker/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Newspaper articledescribes band of fugitive slaves killing several European Americans, mostrecent of whom is named—1+ killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 276/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 25, 1823, Norfolk County, Virginia/i>—b>Executionof Bob Ferebee/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reports of killingor capture of fugitive African slaves who had killed European-Americansincluding William Walker culminate in capture and execution of their leader—1+killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 277/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October, 1823, Pineville, South Carolina/i>—b>Attack onPineville Fugitive Slaves/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>FugitiveAfrican slaves are attacked, killed—including one woman and one child—captured,or executed, and one has his decapitated head stuck on pole—3+ killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 276/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1824, Cape Fear, North Carolina/i>—b>Death of Isam/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Troublemaking outlaw African slave iswhipped to death—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 267/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1134 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:162pt;height:296.25pt; z-index:51;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image021.jpg o:title05/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width216 height395src./index_files/image021.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1134>!endif>i>September,1826, Bourbon County, Kentucky/i>—b>Stone Brothers Uprising/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>77 African slaves being transported by boatdown Ohio river overcome and kill European-American slave traders—5 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 277-8/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 29, 1826, Bourbon County, Kentucky/i>—b>Executionof Leaders of Stone Brothers Uprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After all 77 fugitive slaves in Stone Brothers uprising are captured,their leaders are executed—5 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 278/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December, 1826, Between Maryland and Georgia/i>—b>Mutinyon the Decatur/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavesbeing transported by boat rebel and kill two crewmen, and command third to takethem to Haiti, and though ship is captured and taken to New York, all slavesescape except one—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 278/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 15, 1826, New York/i>—b>Execution of WilliamBowser/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lone slave captured frommutiny on Decatur is executed—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 278/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January, 1827, South Carolina/i>—b>Fugitive SlavesKilled in South Carolina/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Twoseparate cases in state court show exoneration of European-Americans who hadeach killed one African Slave they feared were fugitive slaves—2 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 279/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 29, 1827, Baltimore, Maryland/i>—b>AustinWoolfolk Assaults Benjamin Lundy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave trader assaults Quaker abolitionist who had been criticizing him,and when abolitionist sues, court fines slave trader only one dollar, and judgefurther urges slave trader to sue abolitionist for libel, but grand juryrefuses to indict him—0 killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 20, 1827, Fork of Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers,Alabama/i>—b>Nest of Runaways on Alabama River Discovered/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Search party from Mobile County discoversencampment of runaway slaves at river fork and attacks them,"shooting" three (report does not say whether they are killed orwounded—0 killed, 4 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker,p 279-80/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Early 1829, 40 Miles Outside Of New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>1829Louisiana Slave Uprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Generaluprising of African slaves on remote Louisiana plantations is suppressed andtheir leaders hanged—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 282-3/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Summer, 1829, Christ Church and St James Parishes, SouthCarolina/i>—b>Deer Hunters Encounter/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Band of European-American deer hunters of master class stumble upon bandof escaped and marauding African slaves—0 killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 285/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 4, 1829, Hanover County, Virginia/i>—b>1829Hanover County Slave Uprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Eight African slaves kill or wound members of European master class—1killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 284/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1031 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:166.8pt;height:243pt; z-index:3;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-89 0 -89 21539 21600 21539 21600 0 -89 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image022.jpg o:title06 - Enormous Casualties/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width222 height324src./index_files/image023.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1031>!endif>i>August,1829, in transit from Maryland/i>—b>1829 Fist-Fighting Slaves/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two African slaves pretend to fight eachother until guards intervene, whom slaves then kill, and slaves owner is setupon but escapes, and slaves are captured and six are executed, including womanpublicly hanged, and man who exclaims, just before his death, "death atany time in preference to slavery"—8 killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 287/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December, 1829, Offshore, Southern States/i>—b>Mutinyaboard Lafayette/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavesbeing sailed from Norfolk to New Orleans revolt, but revolt fails as some are“severely wounded,” and ship continues on it way with many slaves now bolteddown to deck of ship—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 98/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1830, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>1830 NewOrleans Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Two Africanslaves executed for conspiracy—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Aptheker, p 288/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October, 1830, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana/i>—b>1830Plaquemines Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One hundredAfrican slaves conspire to rebel and, when uncovered, their leaders are"punished"—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 288/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1830, North Carolina/i>—b>Moses Confessions/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Captured fugitive African slave describesextensive resistance network including arms and ammunition, several campshidden in swamps, and messengers to and from camps, and investigating partyfrom European-American ruling class finds one white woman involved who ishiding arms and feeding Africans, and camp in Dover where they burned elevenhouses and "it is supposed they killed several of the negroes"—Xkilled, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 289/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 25, 1830, Newbern, North Carolina/i>—b>PreemptingNewbern Christmas Attack/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Band offugitive Africa slaves assembled in swampland plan to attack European-Americanmaster class on Christmas, but are completely destroyed by military actionbeforehand—60 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 289-90/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August to November 1831, Southhampton County, Virginia/i>—b>SouthhamptonInsurrection/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slave andBible preacher Nat Turner, in obedience to heavenly vision that tells him to“slay my enemies with their own weapons,” leads slave rebellion, finding readyfollowers who believe, because of War Of 1812, that God will send British tohelp them—311 killed (including 200 random African slaves or African-Americancitizens after initial rebellion is crushed), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 7-10, 1834, New York City, New York/i>—b>Anti-AbolitionistRiots of 1834/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery forcesbeat up abolitionists and destroy their property—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1835-8, Florida/i>—b>Black Seminole Slave Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Native Americans invite African slaves tojoin them in general insurrection—398 killed (1590 dead soldiers * 25% ofinsurrectionists are slaves), X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1092 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:5in;height:157.9pt;z-index:32;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-39 0 -39 21511 21600 21511 21600 0 -39 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image024.jpg o:title07 - Garrison Nameplate - Trimmed/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width480 height211src./index_files/image025.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1092>!endif>i>August6-9, 1835, Baltimore, Maryland/i>—b>Baltimore Bank Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After failure of Bank of Maryland, poorinvestors, believing they had been defrauded by rich bank officials, destroythose officials homes, until they are shot down by civilian army hastilyassembled by new mayor—20 killed, 100 wounded Zinn, p 222-3/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>October1, 1835, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Attack on William Lloyd Garrison/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-Slavery forces drag with rope and stripabolitionist, who once publicly burned copy of U.S. Constitution for itscondoning of slavery, before he is finally jailed for his own protection—0killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>October,1835, Brazos River, Texas/i>—b>Brazos Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>European Americans in Texas hear rumor thatMexican forces aim to free their African slaves and “let them lose on theirfamilies,” but slaves also hear same rumor, so when force of 2000 Mexicansapproaches Brazos River, slaves attempt to rise, but are put down by their owners—Xkilled, 100 wounded (some of these approx 100 slaves were killed, but notknowing how many, we list them here as being at least wounded)spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 93/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>November7, 1837, Alton, Illinois/i>—b>Death of Elijah Parish Lovejoy/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Minister dies in gun battle defending hisabolitionist printing press from pro-slavery forces—2 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>November7, 1841, at sea between Virginia and Louisiana/i>—b>Creole Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave Madison Washington leads Americanslaves to take over ship and sail it to Nassau where they eventually findfreedom, assisted by England, which governs Nassau, and which had abolishedslavery in 1833, and which refuses to return these slaves to U.S., which leadsU.S. Secretary of State Daniel Webster to press for war against England—2 killed,X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>1842,Rhode Island/i>—b>Dorr Rebellion/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bystander killed by accident in battle between state government andrebels against property requirement for voting, who succeed in establishingcompeting state government—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1033 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:219.8pt;height:224.65pt;z-index:4;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-71 0 -71 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -71 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image026.jpg o:title08 - First Recorded Killings At Strike/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width293 height300src./index_files/image027.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1033>!endif>i>November15, 1842, territory of Cherokee Nation/i>—b>1842 Slave Revolt in the CherokeeNation/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cherokee pursuers capturetheir escaped African-American slaves before they can reach Mexico—7 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>Summer,1845, Hudson Valley, New York/i>—b>New York/b> b>Anti-Rent War/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Rebels against high rents imposed by onefamily having 80,000 tenants and $41 million kill deputy sheriff trying to selloff cattle of farmer to settle his debts—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p. 213/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September,1845, Hudson Valley, New York/i>—b>New York/b> b>Anti-Rent War continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>During trial for farmers protesting againstfeudal leases, two leading counsels fistfight in court—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>August15, 1847, Northern Mexico/i>—b>Mutiny Against Robert Paine/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Volunteer soldiers in Mexican-American Warmutiny against tyrant colonel, who kills one mutineer, but two lieutenantsrefuse to help colonel kill any more, and remaining mutineers are exonerated—1killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p. 168/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>May 10,1849, New York City, New York/i>—b>Astor Place Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Riot between supporters of two Shakespeareanactors, one American and one English, American favored by lower classes andEnglish favored by upper classes, elicits state militia firing into crowd andleads to creation of first police force armed with deadly weapons—25+ killed,120+ wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 1850, Smithland, Kentucky/i>—b>Death of SethConcklin/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Captors bash in head ofUnderground Railroad operative, friend of Underground Railroad organizer WilliamStill, after he was already dead from drowning while trying to escape, thoughUnderground Railroad itself could not be stopped, throughout 50’s helping about1000 slaves per year (W. B. Hesseltine puts average number from 1830 to 1860 at2000 per year) escape to Canada, Mexico, or Northern U.S., staffed by colorfulpersonalities like 50" Harriet Tubman, ex-African slave bearing lifelonghead wound from her former master, who carries pistol and, like Patrick Henry,says she will accept only liberty or death, and who alone helps more than 300slaves escape in 19 attempts, though her efforts pale compared to those of J.W. Loguen, escaped slave become eloquent minister, who helps 1500—1 killed, 0wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 8, 1850, New York City, New York/i>—b>New YorkTailor Strike of 1850/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>300, mostlyGerman, striking tailors armed with clubs clash with police resulting in firstrecorded strike fatalities in U.S. history—2 killed, X wounded woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 1, 1851, Portage, New York/i>—b>Portage RailroadStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In first recorded instanceof Americans being killed at strike, New York state militia fires on strikers—2killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1035 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:279pt;height:225.05pt; z-index:5;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-56 0 -56 21530 21600 21530 21600 0 -56 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image028.jpg o:title09 - Bleeding Kansas/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width372 height300src./index_files/image029.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1035>!endif>i>September11, 1851, Christiana, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Christiana Resistance/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Fugitive slaves and their sympathizers shoota Maryland slave owner and beat his son, a deputy marshall attempting toenforce the Fugitive Slave Act by returning his father’s slaves to captivity—1killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 26, 1854, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Murder ofJames Batchelder/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Inspired byabolitionist Thomas Wentworth Higginson, crowd kills a U.S. deputy marshallwhile trying to prevent fugitive slave Anthony Burns from being returned toslavery—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 1854, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Butman Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Inspired by abolitionist Thomas WentworthHigginson, crowd severely beats kidnapper of Anthony Burns and other fugitiveslaves—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>i>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 19, 1855, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>ArsonistSlave Executed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Slave shows noemotion when hanged for arson—1 killed, 0 wounded Aptheker, p 147/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 21, 1855, Lawrence, Kansas/i>—b>FranklinColeman Shoots Charles Dow/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery settler in Kansas Territory shots abolitionist, startingchain of events known collectively as “Bleeding Kansas,” revolving aroundwhether to admit Kansas to Union as free state or slave state—1 killed, 0wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December, 1855, Lawrence, Kansas/i>—b>Wakarusa War/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery attackers from Missouri massnear Wakarusa River in Bleeding Kansas, intending to attack Lawrence, butdefenders save Lawrence with only one casualty, Thomas Barber, memorialized ina poem by John Greenleaf Whittier—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 21, 1856, Lawrence, Kansas/i>—b>Sacking of Lawrence/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Avengers of non-fatal shooting ofslave-state sheriff, carrying blood-red flag inscribed with words “southernrights,” and inspired by writings of Benjamin Stringfellow that Kansas shall beslave state even if “our rivers should be covered with the blood of theirvictims, and the carcasses of the abolitionists should be so numerous in theterritory as to breed disease and sickness,” attack free-state hotel inBleeding Kansas, killing one of the attackers—1 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 22, 1856, Washington, DC/i>—b>Preston Brooks BeatsCharles Sumner/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery U.S.Representative beats abolitionist U.S. Senator, while U.S. Rep Laurence Keittholds would-be helpers off with pistol, in retaliation for anti-slavery speechthat had insulted his uncle, so badly about the head with walking cane thatSenator does not return to work for three years—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1082 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:137.9pt;height:239.4pt; z-index:28;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-96 0 -96 21545 21600 21545 21600 0 -96 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image030.jpg o:title10 - Charles Sumner/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width184 height319src./index_files/image031.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1082>!endif>i>May24 to 25, 1856, Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas/i>—b>Pottawatomie Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After learning that his family is marked forattack by pro-slavery forces, abolitionist John Brown and his sons, in threeseparate instances, hack to death Kansan participants in Sacking of Lawrence—5killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 2 1856, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>SlaveSelf-Mutilation at Richmond/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Threeslaves, to avoid being sold, cut off three fingers from each hand—0 killed, 3wounded Aptheker, p 142/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 30, 1856, Osawatomie, Kansas/i>—b>Battle ofOsawatomie/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After one of his sonsand one other free-state Kansan are shot dead, abolitionist John Brown and hisforce of 38 Kansans defend free-state settlements in yet another BleedingKansas town against force of more than 300 slave-state Missourians, inflictingmany more casualties than sustaining, before finally retreating—22+ killed, 40+wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1856, Lavaca County, Texas/i>—b>Whipping ofDavidson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ohio abolitionist isrightly or wrongly implicated in slave plot and whipped 100 strokes—0 killed, 1wounded Aptheker, p 111/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1857, Mississippi/i>—b>Arsonist Slave Executed/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When a master asks his slave why he burneddown his gin-house, he replies because he wanted to be hanged—1 killed, 0wounded Aptheker, p 147/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Summer, 1857, New York City, New York/i>—b>EconomicRiots of 1857/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>500 unemployedworkers attack police with pistols and bricks—X killed, X wounded Zinn, p 228/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 11, 1857, New York City, New York/i>—b>1857Tompkins Square Park Bread Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police attack immigrants after they had protested unemployment and foodshortages for months and carried off park benches and fences for firewood—0killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 5, 1858, Washington, DC/i>—b>Brawl in U.S.House of Representatives/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pro-slavery U.S. Representative Laurence Keitt starts brawl involvingfifty people by choking abolitionist U.S. Rep Galusha Grow after Keitt,demanding that Grow sit down, calls him a “black Republican puppy,” and Growresponds, “No negro-driver shall crack his whip over me.”—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 16 to 19, 1859, Harper’s Ferry, Virginia/i>—b>JohnBrown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Abolitionist John Brown, armed by rich Boston supporters with 200 riflesand 950 pikes left over from battles in Bleeding Kansas, which finally isadmitted to Union as free state, all its combatants being pardoned by Governor,and having met with other leading abolitionists including Ralph Waldo Emerson,Henry David Thoreau, Frederick Douglas (who did not participate only because hethought the plan had no chance of success), Harriet Tubman (who did notparticipate only because she was sick), and Bronson Alcott, and having alreadyfreed slaves by recent incursions into slave-state Missouri, leads party thatseizes U.S. arsenal and tries to start slave rebellion by distributing seizedarms, but is defeated by marines under command of General Robert E. Lee, laterhead of !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1037 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:269.5pt;height:273.25pt; z-index:6;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-72 0 -72 21529 21600 21529 21600 0 -72 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image032.jpg o:title11 - Brown Newby/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width359 height364src./index_files/image033.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1037>!endif>Confederateforces during the U.S. Civil War, one African-American rebel, DangerfieldNewby, fighting for freedom of his wife, whose love letters found in his pocketgalvanize national opposition to slavery, having his ears cut off assouvenirs—19 (another source said 18) killed, 10+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 2, 1859 to March 16, 1860, X, Virginia/i>—b>Executionof John Brown’s Party/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemoratedin Walt Whitman’s poem “Year of Meteors,” and John Greenleaf Whittier’s poem“Brown of Ossawatomie,” and in song “John Brown’s Body” that inspires Unionsoldiers in U.S. Civil War, state of Virginia hangs militant abolitionists,under security detail led by Major Thomas J. Jackson, later Confederate General“Stonewall” Jackson, with presidential assassin and Confederate sympathizerJohn Wilkes Boothe also being in attendance in a borrowed uniform, includingamong the executed their leader John Brown, who, on the eve of the AmericanCivil War, correctly predicts that "the crimes of this guilty land willnever be purged away but with blood," and that "you may dispose of mevery easily . . . but this Negro question is still to be settled," andwho argues in religious terms that his interference on “behalf of God’sdespised poor, was not wrong, but right,” and who refuses to be rescued bySilas Soule after he infiltrates jail, preferring in his own words to die a“martyr,” and whose execution, again expressed in religious terms, according toRalph Waldo Emerson, “will make the gallows glorious like the cross,” andaccording to French author Victor Hugo, would be an “uncorrectable sin,” addingthat, “there is something more frightening than Cain killing Abel, and that isWashington killing Spartacus,” and upon his death abolitionist areas of theUnited States ring church bells and fire rifle salutes in his honor, althoughabolitionist and American publisher William Lloyd Garrison calls Brown“well-intended but sadly misguided,” and abolitionist and future Americanpresident Abraham Lincoln calls him merely “insane”—7 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1860, Tennessee/i>—b>Death of John Fairfield:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Repression of slave insurrection killsUnderground Railroad operative—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Early 1862, Culpepper County, Virginia/i>—b>CulpepperCounty Conspiracy/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slavesand African American citizens executed for plot to free slaves based on copiesof preliminary Emancipation Proclamation found in their possession—17 killed, 0woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 94-5/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 12, 1862, Buffalo, New York/i>—b>Buffalo Riot of1862/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking Irish and Germanstevedores fight against local police, who fire on them—0 killed, 5 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 22, 1862, Washington, DC/i>—b>EMANCIPATIONPROCLAMATION:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLNENDS VIOLENCE BY AND AGAINST SLAVES AND THEIR SYMPATHIZERS BY FREEING THESLAVES/b>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 13 to 16, 1863, New York City, New York/i>—b>NewYork Draft Riots/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Lower-classEuropean-American citizens riot over $300 commutation fee to avoid beingdrafted into Civil War, similar to riots over same issue during RevolutionaryWar, except much more violent, beating upper-class citizens and lawmen, andburning 50 buildings to ground, including orphanage for African-Americanchildren because African-American adults compete with lower-class European-Americancitizens for jobs, until President Abraham Lincoln sends federal troops tosuppress riot with shoot-to-kill orders—120 (another source said 2000) killed,2000 (another source said 8000) injured/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1038 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:225.5pt; z-index:7;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-53 0 -53 21526 21600 21526 21600 0 -53 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image034.jpg o:title12 - New York Draft Riots/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height301src./index_files/image035.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1038>!endif>i>July14, 1863, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston Draft Riots/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>On very day that draft notices are firstdistributed in Boston, large crowd of men, women, and children fight withfederal draft agents and police, and then attempt to break into federal armory,which fires its canon one time into crowd, killing unknown number of people,but including a 12-year-old boy and middle age man whose arm is nearly severed,and wounding many more—2+ killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1864, South Carolina/i>—b>Execution ofWilliam Walker/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African-American volunteerarmy sergeant is shot for ordering his men to stack their weapons in protest ofunequal pay, though just months later congress actually does raise pay ofAfrican-American soldiers to equal that of European-American soldiers—1 killed,0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May, 1864, Yazoo City, Mississippi/i>—b>Burning ofYazoo City/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African slaves,encouraged by successes of Union army, burn down courthouse and 14 homes—Xkilled, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 95/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1864, Richmond, Virginia/i>—b>Capture of BobRichardson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African-Americanwaiter, inspired by Union confidants to organize rebellion, to receive his“just desserts”—X killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Aptheker, p 95/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 21, 1864, Robeson County, North Carolina/i>—b>HenryBerry Lowry’s First Murder/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>NativeAmerican forced into unpaid labor by Confederacy kills member of ConfederateHome Guard who accuses his family of stealing food and harboring Union pow’s—1killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1865 to 1872, Robeson County, North Carolina/i>—b>LowryWar/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Native American organizesfellow Native Americans, escaped slaves, Confederate deserters, and escapedUnion pow’s into gang that murders head of local KKK, kills husband of Mary C.Norment, author of “The Lowery History,” shoots local sheriff and steals hissafe, steals food from rich homes and shares it with poor families in Pembrokearea of North Carolina, where he is still remembered and honored with annualoutdoor play “Strike At The Wind,” escapes from jail, and attacks indeterminatenumber of other Confederate or Democratic officials, killing at least eightothers and wounding at least one other, and robs indeterminate number ofhouses, ending when his brother is killed, and at least two other gang membersare executed, though he himself escapes forever with bounty on his head twicethat offered for notorious outlaw Jesse James—13+ killed, 2+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 15, 1865, Robeson County, North Carolina/i>—b>HenryBerry Lowry’s Second Murder/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>NativeAmerican forced into unpaid labor by Confederacy kills member of ConfederateHome Guard who abuses his !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1081 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:178.25pt;height:277.9pt; z-index:27;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-88 0 -88 21544 21600 21544 21600 0 -88 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image036.jpg o:title13 - Henry Berry Lowry/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width238 height371src./index_files/image037.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1081>!endif>family’swomen—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 3, 1865, Robeson County, North Carolina/i>—b>Executionof Henry Berry Lowry’s Family/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Native American forced into unpaid labor by Confederacy watches from hishiding place in swamp as Confederate Home Guard executes his father and brotherfor possessing firearms, which is illegal for non-European-Americans—2 killed,0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 13, 1870, Mamaroneck, New York/i>—b>MamaroneckRiot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Irish laborers and Italianlaborers fight against each other with stones and knives over Italians’ willingnessto accept lower wage—4 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 17, 1871, Scranton, Pennsylvania/i>—b>WorkingmensBenevolent Association Union Coal Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One member of state troops escorting strike-breakers from mine returnsfire on rock-throwing strikers—2 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1874, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania/i>—b>ItalianStrikebreakers Killed/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikingbituminous coal miners kill strikebreakers that company had imported fromEurope—3 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p244/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 13, 1874, New York City, New York/i>—b>TompkinsSquare Park Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local policedisperse crowd of unemployed workers, who had gathered to demonstrate forpublic employment opportunities, by trampling and beating men, women, andchildren in what AFL founder Samuel Gompers called “an orgy of brutality,” butpolice commissioner Abram Duryee called “the most glorious sight I ever saw”—0killed, 200+ wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attackon Ancient Order of Hibernians/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mine superintendent Bradley leads local vigilantes who shoot member ofIrish group associated with coalmine unionism—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attackon Striking Coalminers/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mine bossPatrick Vary fires into crowd of striking coalminers who flee, leaving, inwords of one eyewitness, “long trail of blood behind them”—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1875, Tuscarora, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attack on StrikingCoalminers’ Meeting/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Localvigilantes shoot up meeting of striking coalminers—1 killed, 2+ wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attackon Hugh McGeehan/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantesshoot body and house of reportedly violent striking coalminer—0 killed, 1wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1040 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:239.9pt; z-index:8;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-55 0 -55 21528 21600 21528 21600 0 -55 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image038.jpg o:title15 - Molly Message/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height320src./index_files/image039.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1040>!endif>i>March,1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Assassination of Edward Coyle/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantes shoot coalmine unionleader—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 10, 1875, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attackon Molly Maguires/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantesattack coalmine workers and their wives at home for belonging to Irish groupassociated with coalmine unionism—2 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Summer, 1876, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Attacksby and on Molly Maguires/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Irishmineworkers kill six German and Welsh associates of mine owners, and unknown assailantskill unknown number of Irish mineworkers and dump their bodies in mineshafts—6+ killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 18, 1876, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>ThreeDays of Attacks by and on Molly Maguires/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Irish mineworkers exchange attacks with German and Welsh associates ofmine owners, including throat slitting, crucifixion, and wounding one so badlythat he is simply left for dead in stable door—4 killed, 4 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late 1876, Anthracite Coal Region, Pennsylvania/i>—b>FiveAssassinations by Molly Maguires/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Irish mineworkers kill night watchman Yost, Justice of the PeaceGwyther, bartender Gomer James, and mine boss Sanger and his associate—5killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 14, 1877, Chico, California/i>—b>Nativist LaborUnion Kills Chinese Farmhands/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Members of American nativist labor union plot murder and arson beforekilling four Chinese farmhands in workers cabin—4 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 21, 1877, Pottsville and Mauch Chuck, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Executionof Molly Maguires at Pottsville and Mauch Chuck/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>After trial completely orchestrated by president of coalminecompany, state of Pennsylvania on flimsy evidence hangs members of Irish groupassociated with coalmine unionist violence, including Alexander Campbell, whostamps his handprint on prison wall as testimony to his innocence, and whichhandprint prison officials are never able to clean off—10 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1877-1879, Mauch Chunk, Pottsville, Bloomsburg andSunbury, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Execution of Molly Maguires continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After trial completely orchestrated bypresident of coalmine company, state of Pennsylvania on flimsy evidence hangsmore members of Irish group associated with coalmine unionist violence—10killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1041 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:184.95pt;height:224.3pt; z-index:9;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-76 0 -76 21538 21600 21538 21600 0 -76 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image040.jpg o:title16 - Great RR Strike - Pittsburgh/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width247 height299src./index_files/image041.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1041>!endif>i>July13, 1877, Martinsburg, West Virginia/i>—b>Great Railroad Strike of 1877 atMartinsburg/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Marking the beginningof "Great Upheaval of 1877," which President Hayes calls “aninsurrection,” in which railroad workers, and other associated workers such ascoalminers, strike against wage cuts up to 46% while nonworking company ownersmake 10% dividends, and at least 580,000 workers from Boston to Kansas City goon strike despite the absence of unions, and in which worker issues replaceslave issues as the frontline in America’s ongoing class war, and four yearsafter the great depression of 1873 that after two years had left 80% ofAmerican workers without full time jobs, striker is shot in crowd of strikerstrying to prevent trains from moving, when rich bankers, such as JP Morgan andAugust Belmont, privately fund army to keep trains moving—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 14, 1877, Cumberland, Maryland/i>—b>Great RailroadStrike of 1877 at Cumberland/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Outnumbered Maryland militia members fire on confrontational strikers,who retaliate by wounding militia members and destroying buildings andequipment, though half of militia quits when popular support for strike growsto 15,000 people—10 killed, 25 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 21 to 22, 1877, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania/i>—b>GreatRailroad Strike of 1877 at Pittsburgh/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After Pennsylvania Railroad executive TA Scott says working-classstrikers should be given a “rifle diet for a few days,” but local police refuseto fire on them, and railroad strike develops into a general strike thatincludes mills and factories, Pennsylvania militia fires on and bayonetsrock-throwing strikers and sympathetic citizens, who retaliate by destroying 39buildings, as well as 104 locomotives and 1245 freight and passenger carsstretching over three miles long, though militia in nearby Lebanon and Altoonaside with strikers and give up their arms, and some militia in Pittsburgh alsorefuse to fight, one saying hed rather shoot president of company—49 killed,29+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 23, 1877, Reading, Pennsylvania/i>—b>ReadingRailroad Massacre Massacre (Great Railroad Strike of 1877 at Reading)/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Corporate officials, not governmentofficials, summon state militia to fire on strikers and their sympathizersblocking railroad tracks because company is two months in arrears of payingwages—10 killed (including five local police officers), 40 (another source saidmore than 24) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 25, 1877, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Great RailroadStrike of 1877 at Chicago/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Afterspeech by Albert Parsons, later executed as one of Haymarket Five, calling fornationalization of railroads, national guard and federal troops fire onconfrontational strikers, who retaliate by wounding their attackers anddestroying buildings and equipment—20 killed, 40+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 25, 1877, Shamokin, Pennsylvania/i>—b>ShamokinUprising/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantes fire on riotingstrikers who had turned down offers for public assistance—2 killed, 12 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1042 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:196.6pt; z-index:10;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-56 0 -56 21518 21600 21518 21600 0 -56 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image042.jpg o:title18 - Rock Springs Massacre/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height262src./index_files/image043.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1042>!endif>i>July25, 1877, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Turner Hall Raid/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police attack German furniture workersin their union hall—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 25, 1877, New York City, New York/i>—b>1877Speeches At Tompkins Square Park/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police charge 20,000 spectators with billy clubs who had gathered tohear left-leaning speeches, last speakers last words being, "Whatever wepoor men may not have, we have free speech, and no one can take it fromus"—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 25-6, 1877, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Battle of theViaduct/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>U.S. troops and localpolice suppress uprising of German furniture workers and sympathizers avengingTurner Hall Raid—30 killed, 113 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 28, 1877, East St. Louis, Missouri/i>—b>GreatRailroad Strike of 1877 at East St. Louis/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Federal troops and deputized special police fire on railroad strikers incollusion with St. Louis Workingman’s Party, who had joined railroad workers toform first general strike in U.S.—18+ killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 18, 1878, Coal Creek, Indiana/i>—b>Union Attackon/b> b>Coal Creek Replacement Workers/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking coal miners kill African-American replacement workers, one shotto death in drunken argument in saloon, and two more killed in street afterward—3killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list ofworkers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>1880s,Hudson Valley, New York/i>—b>New York/b> b>Anti-Rent War continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deputy sheriff trying to evict indebtedfarmer is shotgunned to death—1 killed, 0 wounded Zinn, p. 214/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 2, 1885, Rock Springs, Wyoming/i>—b>RockSprings Massacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Race riot as wellas labor dispute, and mentioned by President Grover Cleveland in his State ofthe Union address, European-American coal miners, well-known but acquittedanyway, attack Chinese coal miners for their willingness to accept lower wage,and perhaps also for their use as strikebreakers in 1875 railroad strike, someby scalping, branding, castrating, bobbitizing, dismembering, decapitating, orhanging from gutter spouts, and destroying a total 95 of their homes—28 killed,15 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1122 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:174.65pt;height:244.1pt; z-index:45;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image044.jpg o:title17/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width233 height325src./index_files/image044.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1122>!endif>i>May4, 1885, Lemont, Illinois/i>—b>Lemont Quarry Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking foreign quarrymen and their spousesthrow stones at state militia, who respond by firing their guns into crowd—2killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list ofworkers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 3, 1886, Fort Worth, Texas/i>—b>Great SouthwestRailroad Strike of 1886 at Fort Worth/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers opposed to railroad owner Jay Gould, who quips, "I canhire one half of the working class to kill the other half," kill onedeputy and wound two others—1 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 8, 1886, St Louis, Missouri/i>—b>Great SouthwestRailroad Strike of 1886 at St Louis/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Non-union switchman and private watchman kill striker, and Zinn, p.269 nine young men recruited as marshals refuse to oppose strike so are arrestedand jailed for three months for defrauding company—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 9, 1886, East St Louis, Illinois/i>—b>GreatSouthwest Railroad Strike of 1886 at East St Louis/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Guards fire into crowd of striking switchmenand kill six, and crowd subsequently sets Louisville and Nashville depotrailroad yard on fire—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 26, 1886, Wyandotte, Kansas/i>—b>Great SouthwestRailroad Strike of 1886 at Wyandotte/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sabotage derails freight train that kills two non-striking workers, andsix unionists are charged with crime on evidence of informer—2 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 3, 1886, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Haymarket Shooting/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire on unarmed McCormickHarvesting Machine plant workers striking against 15% wage cuts while companyowners profit 71%—4 (another source said 2) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 4, 1886, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Haymarket Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In retaliation for Haymarket Shooting,unknown assailant explodes bomb in crowd of police officers at workers rally, woundingor killing many, and police respond by shooting into crowd listening toworkers leaders speeches, wounding or killing many—12 killed, 259 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 5, 1886, Milwaukee, Wisconsin/i>—b>Bayview Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guard, on shoot-to-kill order fromstate governor, and aware of yesterday’s attack on police officers in Chicago’sHaymarket Square, fires on unarmed, peaceful strikers amalgamated from variousbuilding trades, cigar makers, brewery workers, and Polish laborers, and theirfamilies, killing 13-year-old boy and others, i>The Milwaukee Journal/i>commending state governor for his quick action—15 killed (another source said9, and another source said 7), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 4, 1886, New York City, New York/i>—b>New YorkStreetcar Conductors Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thousands of striking streetcar conductors and their sympathizers arebeat down by local police until, in words of i>Sun/i> periodical, "Menwith broken scalps were crawling off in all directions"—X killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1043 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:189.75pt;height:308.5pt; z-index:11;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-88 0 -88 21546 21600 21546 21600 0 -88 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image045.jpg o:title19 - Haymarket Hanged Men/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width253 height411src./index_files/image046.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1043>!endif>i>November5, 1887, Pattersonville, Louisiana/i>—b>Pattersonville Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guardsmen and sheriffs possespanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>shoot mostly African-American sugar caneworkers on strike organized by the Knights of Labor—20 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 22, 1887, Thibodaux, Louisiana/i>—b>ThibodauxMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantes shootfleeing and unarmed, predominantly African-American sugar cane workers onstrike organized by Knights Of Labor, and hang their leaders—37 (another sourcesaid 300) killed, 200+ (hundreds" Zinn, p 274) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 10-11, 1887, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Executionof Haymarket Five/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State ofIllinois on flimsy evidence hangs four worker activists, and fifth commitssuicide before he is hanged, in retaliation for Haymarket bombing, thoughclosest one is mile and half away at time of explosion, one of the condemnedexclaiming, "The time will come when our silence will be more powerfulthan the voices you strangle today," all of them singing the Marseillaiseof the French revolution, 25,000 outraged citizens attending their funeralprocession, Illinois Governor granting full pardon to remaining defendants injail, wife of one of executed persuading craftsman/painter/poet William Morristo write poem “May Day” in their honor, writer George Bernard Shaw chiming inthat if the world had to lose eight persons, then they should be the IllinoisSupreme Court, and entire world starting annual tradition of May Daycelebrations in their remembrance, though President Grover Cleveland tries todiffuse the international flavor of this tradition by arbitrarily choosingSeptember 1 to be America’s own private Labor Day, and later U.S. Congressdeclares May Day instead to be “Loyalty Day,” and Governor Nelson Rockefeller,whose grandfather slaughtered striking miners and their families in LudlowMassacre, adds that traditional May Day “borders on treason”—5 killed, 0wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1889, Delhi, Louisiana/i>—b>Delhi Farmers Uprising/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Group of farmers destroys merchants shops"to cancel their farmers indebtedness"—X killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p 285/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September, 1891, Lee County, Arkansas/i>—b>CottonPickers Strike of 1891/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>ColoredFarmers National Alliance strike against cotton fields becomes violent, andafter plant manager is killed and cotton gin burned, strikers are hunted downand many of them killed—16 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 3, 1891, Morewood, Pennsylvania/i>—b>MorewoodMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deputized members ofnational guard fire into crowd of striking miners as they march with brass bandtowards company store of H. C. (Henry Clay) Frick Coke Company—9 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 25, 1891, Lee County, Arkansas/i>—b>LeeCounty Cotton Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>StrikingAfrican-American cotton pickers kill two non-striking workers and oneplantation manager before being lynched by European-American—18 killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 6, 1892, Homestead, Pennsylvania/i>—b>HomesteadStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking against 72-hourwork week that causes fatal accident, iron and steel workers, with manysympathizers from nearby town, shoot out with hired guards from securitycompany that has more arms and men than entire U.S. military, on bargesattempting to debark at Carnegie mill, 4sup>th/sup>-of-July fireworks and a20-pound canon being in strikers’ arsenal, and severely beat guards whosurrender, Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice in league with mill owners filingbogus treason charges against strikers, outraging legal scholars, and promptingstate prosecutors to refuse to prosecute, and strikers are acquitted of allcriminal charges by sympathetic juries—18 (another source said 16, and anothersource said 9) killed, 31 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1123 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:352.5pt;height:245.25pt; z-index:46;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image047.jpg o:title20x - narrow - Frick And Berkman/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width470 height327src./index_files/image047.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1123>!endif>i>July11, 1892, Coeur D’Alene, Idaho/i>—b>Frisco and Gem Mine Strikes/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reacting against reduction in wages,increase in days to seven a week, and company spies infiltrating their union,striking miners attack mines and their guards with gunfire and bombs, andfollowing year organize radical Western Federation of Miners union—6 killed, 17wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 23, 1892, Homestead, Pennsylvania/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Henry Clay Frick/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Alexander Berkman, anarchist boyfriend of anarchist journal “MotherEarth” founder Emma Goldman, entering Carnegie Steel Plant on pretext ofrepresenting company of strikebreakers, shoots twice and stabs twice, beforehimself is beat unconscious, Carnegie Steel executive who had authorized shootingof strikers at Homestead Strike, alreadyclara hated for his avoiding lawsuitsfrom families of 2000 working class citizens killed by flood in Johnstowncaused by neglect and collapse of this executive’s hunting and fishing club’sprivate dam—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 15, 1892, Buffalo, New York/i>—b>BuffaloSwitchmens Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>New York StateLegislature passes law mandating ten-hour workday and minimum wages, but LehighValley Railroad, Erie Railroad, and Buffalo Creek Railroad refuse to obey newlaw, so Switchmens Mutual Association strikes against them, burning andblowing up railroad cars, but rather than obey new law, New York Governor sendsin 8000 troops to protect railroad property, three of whom are injured on thisday by exploding railcar, so army general in charge orders imprisoning andbeating all strikers—0 killed, 3+ wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 16, 1894, Cripple Creek, Colorado/i>—b>CrippleCreek Miner’s Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikingminers capture six sheriff’s deputies—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 21, 1894, Forsyth, Montana/i>—b>Hoganites inCoxey’s March/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in JackLondon’s story “Two Thousand Stiffs,” protestors organized by Jacob Coxey andCharles Kelly march to DC throughout March and April without violence untilWilliam Hogan’s band commandeers a train—X killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 5-10, 1894, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Pullman Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After railroad workers, striking againstrefusal of company town to decrease rents after decreasing wages, led byfounder of American Railway Union and future presidential candidate EugeneDebs, burn railroad cars and seven buildings at World’s Columbian Exposition,federal and state troops fire on them, though afterwards Illinois Supreme Courtfinds company towns paternalism un-American and forcibly annexes town toChicago—34 killed (another source said 13), 57 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 25, 1894, Cripple Creek, Colorado/i>—b>CrippleCreek Miner’s Strike continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miners shoot out with sheriff deputies fleeing explosions ofmines being blown up—2 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1097 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:251.55pt; z-index:35;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-62 0 -62 21522 21600 21522 21600 0 -62 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image048.jpg o:title21 - Cripple Creek Gattling Gun - 90/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height335src./index_files/image049.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1097>!endif>i>June,1894, Telluride, Colorado/i>—b>Cripple Creek Miner’s Strike at Cripple Creekand Telluride/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Company financedarmy of 1300 men, no longer under sheriff’s control, assault whole towns fortheir sympathy with strikers, arresting and imprisoning hundreds, punching,kicking and clubbing them in their homes, and forcing others to walk throughgauntlet of spitting, slapping, and kicking, until Governor sends state militiato contain them, marking first time any state militia is sent out in supportof, rather than against, strikers—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 12, 1895, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>1895 NewOrleans Dockworkers Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>UnionizedEuropean-American dockworkers shoot non-union African-American dockworkers todeath—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 21, 1896, Leadville, Colorado/i>—b>LeadvilleMiner’s Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking minersarmed with guns and dynamite confront armed replacement workers at twodifferent mines, but failing to attain successes of Cripple Creek strike,miners union leaves American Federation of Labor (AFL), and after Colorado CoalField War of 1903-4, helps form the more radical Industrial Workers of theWorld (IWW)—5+ killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 10, 1897, Hazelton, Pennsylvania/i>—b>LattimerMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheriff’s deputies, wellknown but acquitted anyway, locally-born Protestants deputized for just thispurpose, after beating unarmed and peaceful striking miners, foreign-bornCatholics who had come in as strikebreakers but organized themselves, breakingone man’s arm, shoot them, making fun of their European ancestry, some deputiesnot even helping the wounded, and outrage over this slaughter establishesconvention of using only national guard to breakup strikes, though nationalguard in Ludlow Massacre commits similar atrocities—25 killed, 37 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 12, 1898, Virden, Illinois/i>—b>Battle ofVirden/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Immortalized in laborleader Mother Jones’ burial request, “Will the miners see that I get a restingplace in the same clay that shelters the miners who gave up their lives on thehills of Virden, Illinois. . . I hope it will be my consolation when I passaway to feel I sleep under the clay with those brave boys,” in ten-minutebattle one guard describes, in reference to Spanish-American War then raging,as “hotter than San Juan Hill,” striking miners in open field shoot out withguards on train who were attempting to debark strikebreakers, whom had beenlied to that miners they would replace had left to fight in war—12 killed(another source said 11, and another source said 8), 47 (other sources havewidely different numbers) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 10, 1899, Pana, Illinois/i>—b>Pana Riot/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In confrontation between European-Americanunion miners, African-American union miners, and African-American non-unionminers, when European-American miner is thought to have been killed byAfrican-American miner, conflict erupts—7 killed, 28 wounded number of woundedfrom Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1047 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:252pt;height:235.8pt; z-index:12;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-67 0 -67 21529 21600 21529 21600 0 -67 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image050.jpg o:title23 - Bunker Hill bombed - 400 pix/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width336 height314src./index_files/image051.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1047>!endif>i>April29, 1899, Coeur D’Alene, Idaho/i>—b>Bunker Hill Mine Bombing/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Reacting against firing of union miners,wages at three-quarters of next lowest in district (despite having paid out$600,000 in dividends to investors), seven-day work week, and workers needinglocal sheriff’s approval to seek job elsewhere, striking miners seize train,pick up other miners and 3000 pounds of dynamite, then 250 men drive their“Dynamite Express” to mine to blow it up, though mine later reopens withworking conditions unchanged—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1899-1900, Coeur D’Alene, Idaho/i>—b>Bunker Hill MinePrison Camp/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In retaliation forBunker Hill Mine Bombing, state authorities, without hearings or formalcharges, imprison all males in area, including doctor, preacher, postmaster,school superintendent, and two county commissioners and local sheriff whom theyremove from power, and later an editor whose newspaper had criticized the camp,under harsh conditions in makeshift barn or homemade bullpen, 600 for more thatone year, never charged, which, along with 1902 Colorado legislature ignoringunion-sponsored referendum for 8-hour workday that passed with support of 72%of electorate, and which President Theodore Roosevelt referred to as a “graveerror” on the part of Colorado not to “obey the will of the people and pass theeight-hour law,” persuaded Western Federation of Miners union that America wasin antidemocratic class war that could be won only by striking—3 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 30, 1899, Lauderville, Illinois/i>—b>FirstConflict in Illinois Coal Wars/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Train carrying African-American miners is attacked, killing woman, andthough attackers are well known, they are acquitted anyway—1 killed, 20 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 17, 1899, Carterville, Illinois/i>—b>SecondConflict in Illinois Coal Wars/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African-American non-union miners are attacked in riot, and thoughattackers are well known, they are acquitted anyway—5 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May to September, 1900, St Louis, Missouri/i>—b>StLouis Streetcar Strike of 1900/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Owner of streetcar company summarily fires all employees for organizingand replaces them with volunteers from police force, resulting in four monthsof deadly strike violence, including one incident on June 10 when 2500-memberstrong posse shoots strikers returning from picnic—14 killed, 200 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>i>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 3, 1901, Telluride, Colorado/i>—b>Smuggler-UnionMine Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After shootout,assistant company manager Arthur Collins submits to union demands to shutdownmine operations using nonunion miners, and year later he is killed by shotgunblast through window into his house—4 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 30 - October 2, 1901, San Francisco, California/i>—b>SanFrancisco Waterfront Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Waterfront workers strike, triggering sympathy strikes !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1110 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:294pt;height:237pt;z-index:40;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image052.jpg o:title24 - Assassination Mckinley/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width392 height316src./index_files/image052.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1110>!endif>frombakers, sailors, and other labor groups, and leaving hundreds of shipsunloaded—4 killed, 250 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 6, 1901, Buffalo, New York/i>—b>Assassinationof William McKinley/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Assassin LeonCzolgosz, acting, he thinks, to rectify the inequality that allows the rich toexploit the poor, shoots President of United States—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 29, 1901, Auburn, New York/i>—b>Execution ofLeon Czolgosz/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Morbidly captured onfilm, State of New York electrocutes President McKinley’s assassin, whose lastwords are, “I killed the president because he was the enemy of the goodpeople—the working people.”—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1902, Paterson, New Jersey/i>—b>Paterson Silk Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire on unarmed striking silkworkers, wounding in face Luigi Galleani, which radicalizes him to foundultra-violent, bomb-making group called "Galleanists"—X killed, 1+wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 12, 1902, Pana, Illinois/i>—b>Anthracite CoalStrike of 1902/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards attackstriking miners, prompting President Theodore Roosevelt to intervene andarbitrate, becoming the first U.S. President ever to side with workers in alabor dispute, winning for them both pay increase and reduction of hours, andacquiring his administration nickname “The Square Deal”—14 killed, 22 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 25, 1903, Stanaford, West Virginia/i>—b>Battleof Stanaford/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>US Deputy Marshall,County Sheriff, and Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency lead early-morning posseinto town to arrest strikers for ignoring court injunction but end up shootingminers, many of whom are still sleeping, including three black men in theirfamily home and three white men elsewhere, Mother Jones afterward visitingStanaford to comfort mourning families and writing about experience, andRaleigh County Judge BF Keller exonerating murderers because they were"trying to execute a lawful arrest"—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July, 1903, Idaho Springs, Colorado/i>—b>Idaho SpringsStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Explosion in mine workedonly by strikebreakers, indicating explosion is caused by union bomb,inexplicably kills union miner, and thus prompts employer’s associationillegally to take over civil government to expel 23 union miners from town—1killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December, 1903, Teller County, Colorado/i>—b>MartialLaw In Teller County/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After mineowners are found guilty in court of sabotaging train to blame it on union, andexplosion at Vindicator mine occurs under similarly !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1049 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:315pt;height:233.25pt;z-index:13;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-55 0 -55 21526 21600 21526 21600 0 -55 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image053.jpg o:title25 - Independence-Depot-1904 - 350/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width420 height311src./index_files/image054.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1049>!endif>dubiouscircumstance, former mine manager who heads national guard in Coloradonevertheless declares martial law, suspending constitutional rights of freespeech, free assembly, and bearing arms, and his forces shoot an unaffiliatedlawyer who refuses to give up his gun—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 6, 1904, Independence, Colorado/i>—b>Vengeance for/b>b>Explosion at Independence Depot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified mine explosion—although one militia sergeant testifies thatmine owner’s gunmen killed someone to keep him quiet about it—causes mine ownersto force 30 public officials to resign and replace them with their ownanti-union colleagues, and when secretary of mine owners organization giveshate speech, crowd shoots indiscriminately into crowd of union members, chasingthem into union hall, and continues to fire on them until they surrender, thendestroys union hall and loots union co-ops, and deports 230 union miners acrossstate lines, for which union in 1909 receives $60,000 in damages from Coloradostate legislature—3 killed, 7 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 8, 1904, Eight Miles South of Victor, Colorado/i>—b>Attackon Victor Prospectors/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>130 membersof national guard attack fifteen union prospectors—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 8, 1904, Dunnville, Colorado/i>—b>DunnvilleMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colorado militia fireson, imprisons, and deports lightly armed, striking miners—6 killed (anothersource said 1), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 18, 1904, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>AmalgamatedMeat Cutters First Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>African-American strikebreakers, while attempting to round up straycattle, are pelted with rocks by some in crowd of 4000 striking union members,causing 150 policemen to form cordon to protect them—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April-July, 1905, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>1905 ChicagoTeamsters Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>What begins as Teamsterssympathy strike for National Tailors Association striking against MontgomeryWard, whose goods Teamsters haul, ends up as all-out no-holds-barred effort byChicago Employers Association to crush Teamsters Union—21 killed, 416 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 10, 1905, New York City, New York/i>—b>FedermansBakery Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>i>New York Tribune/i>reports that, after strikers rough up two policeman, "Policemen smashedheads right and left with their nightsticks"—0 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Zinn, p 324-5/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1151 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:223.5pt;height:162.75pt; z-index:61;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image055.jpg o:title25/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width298 height217src./index_files/image055.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1151>!endif>i>February19, 1907, Milwaukee, Wisconsin/i>—b>Death of Peter J. Cramer/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thugs hired by Allis-Chalmers company beatto death strike leader of International Molders Union—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 7, 1907, San Francisco, California/i>—b>SanFrancisco Streetcar Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Notorious strikebreaker James A. Farleys men shoot out with strikers—2killed, 20 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1908-9, Spokane, Washington/i>—b>Spokane Free SpeechFight/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After city passes loopholelegislation allowing religious groups to be exempted from the city’s newanti-free speech laws, IWW union resists those laws by flooding public speakingarea with new speakers every time one is arrested, and though famous IWWspokeswoman Elizabeth Gurley Flynn delays her arrest by chaining herself tolamppost, she too is arrested, and when she reports in IWW magazine on policeraping woman prisoners, police try to suppress story by destroying every copyof magazine—X killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 25, 1908, Stearns, Kentucky/i>—b>Battle atMcFerrin Hotel/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>US Marshalls tryingto arrest strike leader burn down hotel and shoot striking coal miners—2killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list ofworkers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 22, 1909, McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania/i>—b>PressedSteel Car Strike of 1909/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Privatesecurity agents and state police shootout with striking steel workers—26(another source said 12) killed, 50+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Fall, 1909, New York City, New York/i>—b>Uprising of20,000/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strike of 20,000 garmentworkers begins with spontaneous walkout at Triangle Shirtwaist Company, whichis only company in district never to sign contract with workers, and whichhires local prostitutes as replacement workers to show its contempt forstrikers, and which hires thugs who break six ribs of activist Clara Lemlich,and which in March 1911 is site of fire that kills 146 workers locked in toprevent unauthorized breaks—though locked doors will cause more deaths, 168, infire at Speculator Mine near Butte in June 1917— which inspires creation ofAmerican Society Of Safety Engineers in New York City seven months later, and whichmoves eyewitness Frances Perkins to dedicate her life to helping workers andleads her eventually to become first female head of Federal Department ofLabor, !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1085 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:306pt;height:222.55pt; z-index:30;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-53 0 -53 21527 21600 21527 21600 0 -53 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image056.jpg o:title26 - LATimes Building/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width408 height297src./index_files/image057.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1085>!endif>andthough owners are acquitted in criminal trial, their lawyers arguing thatworkers’ statements must be rehearsed because they are in such perfectagreement, they lose civil trial, and so must pay $75 per killed worker, whichthey pay out of insurance payout of $400 per worker, so they profit $325 perkilled worker, and unlike owners of Bangladeshi garment factory convicted ofcriminal negligence for locking doors in January 2013 fire that kills seven,Triangle owners never show remorse, and one of them is arrested in 1913 foragain locking doors and fined only $20—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1910, Tampa, Florida/i>—b>Tampa Lynchings of 1910/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Cigar bosses lynch five labor organizersthroughout 1910—5 killed, 0 wounded Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 10, 1910 to July 1,1911, Westmoreland County,Pennsylvania/i>—b> Westmoreland County Coal Strike of 1910–1911/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Also called "Slovak Strike,"because 70% of miners are Slovak, causing division among strikers because ofprejudice against foreigners, coal miners decide to strike despite not beingsanctioned by UMWA union, nearly all violence being committed by state andcompany deputies against usually unarmed miners or their families, killing moreminers wives than miners, with support of court, which jails local sheriffwhen he tries to prevent unprovoked attacks on strikers or their families, andalso imprisons miners wives and their children, who are raped by state andcompany deputies, but, being advised by Mother Jones, sing all night long untilthey are released from jail by urgings of sleep-deprived town—16 (anothersource said 15) killed, 30+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 18, 1910, Spokane, Washington/i>—b>Spokane FreeSpeech Fight continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police beatSamuel O. Chinn to death in jailhouse—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 5, 1910, Spokane, Washington/i>—b>Spokane FreeSpeech Fight continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Policemistreat FJ Ferry in jail—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 1, 1910, Los Angeles, California/i>—b>LosAngeles Times Bombing and Fire/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Because of anti-union stance of publisher, bridge ironworker unionist,whose union blows up 110 iron works between 1906 and 1911, bombs newspaperbuilding, starting fire—21 (another source said 20) killed, 100 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1125 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:195.75pt; z-index:48;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image058.jpg o:title27 - Illinois central 10-1 ICC strike - 80percent/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height261src./index_files/image058.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1125>!endif>i>December25, 1910, Los Angeles, California/i>—b>Llewellyn Iron Works Bombing/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Typographer unionist blows up building ofworkers on strike—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 9-13, 1911, Somerset, Kentucky/i>—b>SomersetRailroad Sniper Attacks/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Whencompany refuses demand of European-American firemen to fire African-Americanfiremen, the European-American firemen go on strike, and snipers kill nineAfrican-American firemen and two detectives on railroad cars over four days—11killed, 0 wounded Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1911, Holtville, California/i>—b>Spokane FreeSpeech Fight continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Henry Bordetdies of injuries sustained in Spokane Free Speech Fight—1 killed, 0 woundedIWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 3, 1911, McComb, Mississippi/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Infirst act of violence in Illinois Central shopmens strike of 1911, which lastsfor four years and inspires Joe Hill to write his song, "Casey Jonesspanstylefont-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>—/span>The Union Scab,"train full of strikebreakers exchanges gunfire and brick-throwing with 100strikers when train pulls into station—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 3, 1911, Cairo, Illinois/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking switchman killed by strikebreaker—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 3, 1911, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Southern Pacific guard is killed, perhaps by friendly fire by otherstrikebreakers—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 4, 1911, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikebreaker is killed—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 4, 1911, McComb, Mississippi/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Striker killed byspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>friendly fire from other strikers—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1139 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:235.5pt;height:220.5pt; z-index:54;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image059.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width314 height294src./index_files/image059.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1139>!endif>i>November25, 1911, Bakersfield, California/i>—b>Illinois Central Shopmens Strike of1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striker shot bystrikebreaker in saloon fight—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 5, 1911, Salt Lake City, Utah/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Striking carman shot by two Italian strikebreakers, who are lateracquitted of murder—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 16, 1911, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Non-striking shop worker shot while feeding his cats—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1912-1913, area about Paint Creek and Cabin Creek, WestVirginia/i>—b>West Virginia Mine War of 1912-1913 (Not Covered Below)/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Estimate of total number killed is 50—andcontemporary banker Fred Stanton estimates violence cost $100,000,000—minus ournumbers of killed given below for b>Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike/b> and b>PaintCreek-Cabin Creek Strike at Mucklow/b>—33 more killed, X more wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1912, San Diego, California/i>—b>San Diego Free SpeechFight/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW union resists localordinances passed to prevent them from speaking in public by flooding area withnew speakers every time one is arrested, but conditions in jail decline throughovercrowding, and police beat 63-year-old man to death on March 28, and IWWunionist on May 7, and vigilantes break mans leg in gauntlet of ax handles,and torture famous activist Ben Reitman with burning, tar and sage brush,sodomy with cane, and gauntlet of kicking (and kill baby with high pressurewater hose IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz)—3 killed, 2wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 17, 1912, McComb, Mississippi/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Five African-American strikebreakers are fired upon—3 killed, 2wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 25, 1912, Mojave, California/i>—b>IllinoisCentral Shopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Striking car inspector shot, and though several guards arearrested, none are charged—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 29, 1912, Lawrence, Massachusetts/i>—b>Death ofAnna LoPizzo/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire onstriking textile workers, striking woman who subsequently becomes symbol ofordinary harshness of life and death for immigrant workers, and then falselyblame her death on strike leaders, three miles away at time, whom prosecutorscall “social vultures” and “labor bastards” but !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1124 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:240pt;height:206.25pt;z-index:47;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image060.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width320 height275src./index_files/image060.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1124>!endif>neverformally accuse of the murder for which they are arrested and jailed for eightmonths—1 killed, 1 wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 30, 1912, Spokane, Washington/i>—b>IWW Death ofJohn Ramey/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking textile workerdies after having been bayoneted in back on January 15 by militiaman—1 killed,0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 24, 1912, Lawrence, Massachusetts/i>—b>Lawrence“Bread And Roses” Textile Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Named after poem by James Oppenheim, after court sentences 36 strikers,protesting against, among other things, inadequate company medical care killing36% of workers by age twenty-five and 50% of workers’ children by age six, toone year in jail just for breaking windows, judge stating that only way toteach them is by severest sentences, though man who had planted dynamite toframe strikers is only fined and released, and company owner who likely hadpaid him is not investigated or charged at all, local police club multinationalwomen and children, led by “Mother” Mary Harris Jones, “the most dangerouswoman in America,” and, along with Paterson Silk Strike of 1913, organized byradical IWW union that Jones had helped found, attracting attention of FirstLady Helen Taft, and through her President Taft, forcing companies tocapitulate to strikers’ demands—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 18, 1912, San Antonio, Texas/i>—b>Illinois CentralShopmens Strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Locomotive boiler explodes in suspected sabotage—30 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 7, 1912,/i> i>Merryville, Louisiana/i>—b>GrabowRiot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In parish later carried bysocialist candidate Eugene Debs’ bid for U.S. Presidency, who receives 913,693nationwide votes even though he is thrown in jail by his incumbent opponent inthat race, President Woodrow Wilson, for exercising his First Amendment rightto speak out against WWI, and whose vice-presidential candidate quips thatpeople did not throw eggs at them any more because eggs had become tooexpensive, owners, family, and friends of a small lumber mill fire on strikingworkers, who fire back, but owners prevail and later destroy strikers’headquarters and soup kitchen—4 killed, 50 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 3, 1912, Merryville, Louisiana/i>—b> IWWDeath of Phillip “Joe” Ferro/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Innocent bystander shot during continuation of Grabow Riot—1 killed, 0wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1054 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:306pt;height:227.55pt; z-index:14;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-51 0 -51 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -51 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image061.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width408 height303src./index_files/image062.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1054>!endif>i>September25, 1912, Merryville, Louisiana/i>—b> IWW Death of Charles “Leather Britches”Smith/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot by deputy sheriff asfugitive from Grabow Riot—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 22, 1912, Lawrence, Massachusetts/i>—b> IWWDeath of Jonas Smolskas/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Beaten todeath for wearing IWW pin—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1913-1914, Colorado/i>—b>Colorado Coalfield War (NotCovered Below)/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Colorado governmentreport lists total number of killed in all skirmishes at 69, but correspondingreport from Rockefeller company lists 199, minus numbers of killed given belowfor b>Ludlow Massacre/b>, b>Assassination of Louis Tikas/b>, and b>Revengefor Assassination of Louis Tikas/b>—147 more killed, X more wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1913, Paint Creek, West Virginia/i>— b>PaintCreek-Cabin Creek Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Mineguards machinegun striking miners’ tents from armored train, “Bull MooseSpecial,” rolling through their tent colony—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February X, 1913, Mucklow (present Gallagher), WestVirginia/i>—b>Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike at Mucklow/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miners attack mine guard encampmentin revenge for attack from Bull Moose Special—16 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylefont-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 17, 1913, Paterson, New Jersey/i>—b>Paterson SilkStrike of 1913/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Private guardshoots innocent bystander—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 24, 1913, Hopedale, Massachusetts/i>—b>DraperCompany Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One picketer iskilled during strike at automatic loom company—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 7, 1913, Wilson Creek, Washington/i>—b>UnidentifiedIWW Death at Wilson Creek/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unidentified man stoned and beaten to death while fighting scabs—1killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1140 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:244.5pt;height:201.75pt; z-index:55;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image063.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width326 height269src./index_files/image063.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1140>!endif>i>June10, 1913, Ipswich, Massachusetts/i>—b>IWW Death of Nicoletta Pantelopoulou/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Innocent bystander shot by police duringHosiery Mill Strike—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you,DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>June11-15, 1913, New Orleans, Louisiana/i>—b>United Fruit Company Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire on striking maritimeworkers—2 (another source said 1) killed IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you,DJ Alperovitz, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July13 (another source said June 29), 1913, Paterson, NewJersey/i>—b>Paterson Silk Strike of 1913 continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikebreaker shoots striking worker—1killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 3, 1913,Wheatland, California/i>—b>Wheatland HopRiot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In attempt to stop unionizingspeech by International Workers of the World (IWW) in open field toagricultural workers, who are forced to sleep without covering in fields anddrink tainted field water or else pay company for clean water, local policefire on crowd of listening agricultural workers who fight back, killingdistrict attorney, then charge IWW speaker, who was preaching nonviolence whenpolice arrived and started shooting, as well as other innocent IWW leaders infaraway areas of state, with district attorneys murder, though incidentactually leads to improved conditions for agricultural workers throughoutnation—4 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>Late August, 1913, Seeberville, Michigan/i>—b>SeebervilleMurders/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards shoot twounarmed striking miners for trespassing—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 4, 1913, Missoula, Montana/i>—b>IWW Death ofJames Donovan/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Died from woundssustained on picket line when shot by scab on June 17th—1 killed, 0 woundedIWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>October23, 1913, Calumet, Michigan/i>—b>Parade at Calumet/b>—Striking miners inparade armed with clubs battle with deputies—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1055 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:297pt;height:229.45pt;z-index:15;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-53 0 -53 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -53 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image064.jpg o:title27/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width396 height306src./index_files/image065.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1055>!endif>i>November,1913, Indianapolis, Indiana/i>—b>Indianapolis Streetcar Strike of 1913/b>—Strikebreaks out in riots that are so violent that police refuse to intervene, sogovernor calls in National Guard, who remain in place till angry crowdsurrounds Indiana Statehouse demanding that military leave and strikers needsbe addressed, resulting in new state minimum wage, maximum hours, and workersafety laws, and sheriff resigns after forced by mayor to accept back mutinouspolice officers, and mayor resigns after threatened by city council withimpeachment for supporting police mutiny—6 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>i>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 7, 1913, Painesdale, Michigan/i>—b>PainesdaleMurders/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miners shootindiscriminately into boarding house used by strikebreakers, accidentally alsohitting an adjacent house where a 13-year-old girl is wounded—3 killed, 1wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 24, 1913, Calumet, Michigan/i>—b>Italian HallDisaster/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in song byWoody Guthrie, after weeks of property damage and non-lethal fighting betweenstriking copper miners and national guard troops brought in by mine owners, aswell as related lethal fighting at Seeberville and Painesdale, unknownassailant(s), popularly believed to be company agent(s), starts stampede bylocking doors and shouting “fire” at striking workers’ Christmas party—73killed (including 59 children), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 25, 1913, Los Angeles, California/i>—b>IWWDeath of Rafael Adames/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot bypolice breaking up meeting of unemployed—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List OfKilled Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 26, 1913, Calumet, Michigan/i> —b>Attack onCharles Moyer/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After president ofWestern Federation of Miners blames company-backed Citizens Alliance forItalian Hall Disaster, Alliance shoots him in back and deports him, and thoughhe lives and returns to sue his attackers, they are acquitted—0 killed, 1wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 30, 1913, Clinton, Illinois/i>—b>IllinoisCentral shopmens strike of 1911 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Railroad official is lured into station and assaulted bystrikebreaker but manages to shoot him—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 21, 1914, Trinidad, Colorado/i>—b>Trampling ofWomen at Trinidad/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When women andchildren protesting arrest of 77-year-old Mother Jones—who in her lifetimespends more time in jail and in more places than any other worker activist,even being threatened with execution, although all she ever did was talk, byWest Virginia military tribunal (same state that exonerates clear murderers ofSid Hatfield), but public outcry saves her—ridicule the horsemanship of mountedColorado militia leader, he orders his mounted troops to trample them down—0killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1056 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:306pt;height:200.25pt; z-index:16;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-50 0 -50 21524 21600 21524 21600 0 -50 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image066.jpg o:title30 - Ludlow Death Special - m30-ludl-deat-480/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width408 height267src./index_files/image067.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1056>!endif>i>April20, 1914, Ludlow, Colorado/i>—b>Ludlow Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Guards hired by John D. Rockefeller, inRockefeller-outfitted train, “Death Special,” machinegun and burn strikers’tents with striking mine workers’ families still in them, and five decadeslater this legacy hurts presidential campaign of grandson Nelson Rockefeller,who himself also had authorized Attica Prison Massacre of 1971—19 (anothersource said 17) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>April 20, 1914, Ludlow, Colorado—b>Assassination of LouisTikas/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guard beats andthen shoots captured Greek immigrant labor leader in the back, and thenexecutes two of his associates, and leaves their dead bodies exposed for severaldays—3 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 20-30, 1914, Colorado/i>—b>Revenge forAssassination of Louis Tikas/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miners attack mines with bullets and fire to avenge the LudlowMassacre and assassination of Louis Tikas—30 killed, X wounded /p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 13, 1914, Butte, Montana/i>—b>Butte Miner’s HallBombing/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Bosses from Anaconda mine,owned by John D. Rockefeller, whose other mining company just two monthsearlier slaughters striking miners in Ludlow, Colorado, agitate town residents,with support from national guard, though in some accounts it is minersthemselves acting against complacency of their own union, to push mayor outsecond story window, shoot up mediation meeting, blow up union hall, andoverthrow local socialist government—1 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 4, 1914, New York City, New York/i>—b>LexingtonAvenue Bombing/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galleanist bombersintending to kill John D. Rockerfeller in retaliation for, according tohistorian/philosopher Will Durant, his part in Ludlow Massacre, explode theirbomb prematurely—4 killed, 24 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 12, 1914, Hartford, Arkansas/i>—b>Hartford CoalMine Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After hired guards fireon their homes, striking miners destroy mine equipment with fire and floods,and shoot replacement workers on way to testify before grand jury—2 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 3, 1914, Poplar and Wolf Point, Massachusetts/i>—b>IWWFight to Obtain Food in Montana/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>AJGiantvalley, and two other IWW members 21 miles away, are shot while trying toseize food—3 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJAlperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1058 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:229.1pt; z-index:17;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-55 0 -55 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -55 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image068.jpg o:title32 - Roosevelt - 1915riot/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height305src./index_files/image069.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1058>!endif>i>January15, 1915, Cateret, New Jersey/i>—b>Liebig Fertilizer Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police open fire on strikers at Williams& Clark Fertilizing Company just because they stop train to check forstrikebreakers—5 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 25, 1915, Roosevelt, New Jersey/i>—b>RooseveltStrike Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Following riot atAmerican Agricultural Chemical company, deputies fire on unarmed strikingworkers—2 killed, 20 (another source said 18) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1915, Arlington, Kansas/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Death ofBJ Bradley/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Beaten and strangledwhile organizing harvest workers—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 20-28, 1915, Bayonne, New Jersey/i>—b>BayonneRefinery Strike of 1915/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Afterpolice kill striker during riots among striking Polish refinery workers, police,and several hundred women, mob attempts to burn Standard Oil refinery—5 killed,5 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 2, 1915, Masenna, New York/i>—b>Mellon AluminumMill Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National Guardbayonets workers who had taken over aluminum mill, killing leader—1 killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 31, 1915, Salt Lake City, Utah/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof “Doc” Roy Joseph Horton/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot byformer lawman for street speaking in support of soon-to-be executed Joe Hillsee next entry—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJAlperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 15, 1915, Salt Lake City, Utah/i>—b>Executionof Joe Hill/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In face of worldwidecondemnation, state of Utah on flimsy evidence executes by firing squadsinger/songwriter/worker activist, who had been forced to start work at agenine because of occupational death of his father, and portions of whosecremated ashes are mailed to every IWW local except in Utah, per his specificinstructions, in envelopes marked "Joe Hill murdered by the capitalistclass," and which are scattered to wind on May 1, 1916, except for portionmailed to Columbine, Colorado, which remains unopened until scattered overgraves of victims of 1927 Columbine Mine Massacre, and portion confiscated bygovernment in Palmer Raids of 1919-20, but recovered under Freedom OfInformation Act in 1980s—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January, 1916, East Youngstown, Ohio/i>—b>YoungstownStrike of 1916/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When sheet and tubecompany strikers gather at gate to protest smuggling in of strikebreakers,guards fire into crowd, sparking riot that burns six square blocks of city,which grand jury blame on guards—3 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 10, 1916, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Poisoning ofGeorge Mundelein’s Guests/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galleanist assistant chef puts arsenic into food of 100 upper classpeople at banquet for archbishop—0 killed, 100 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1115 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:225pt;height:193.5pt; z-index:41;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image070.jpg o:title32/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width300 height258src./index_files/image070.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1115>!endif>i>May,1916, Braddock, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Aborted Carnegie Steel Parade/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers at Carnegie Steel Company gather atgates of plant for prearranged parade, but guards fire on them from insideplant, hitting both strikers and bystanders—2 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June-September, 1916, Chisolm, Minnesota/i>—b>MesabiIron Range Strike of 1916/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In re-runof bloodless Mesabi Iron Range Strike of 1907, striking iron miners, supportedby IWW, clash with guards, but this time striker killed on June 26th, and guardand bystander killed on July 3rd—3 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths and IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 27, 1916, Redfield, South Dakota/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Frank Wells/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot during ashootout with anti-I.W.W. harvesters—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 22, 1916, San Francisco, California/i>—b>PreparednessDay Bombing/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Suspected unionist(s)or Galleanist(s) explode(s) bomb at parade celebrating entry of U.S. into WWIto protest “rich man’s war, poor man’s fight,” local court on flimsy evidencesentencing a local union leader to hang for it, even though he had preachedagainst the use of violence and warned that some others might use violence atparade anyway, and even though photograph proved he was nowhere near bomb whenit went off, until appeals court exonerates him on evidence of false testimonyat his trial, US President Theodore Roosevelt saying of prosecutor who had liedand conspired with head juror to convict union leader unjustly, "anyoneassailing this prosecutor for prosecuting anarchists should be deprived ofcitizenship"—10 killed (another source said 6), 40 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 13, 1916, Monievideo, Minnesota/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Henry Burk/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Flying Squad highlymobile group of union organizers trained for specific emergencies member shot duringan alleged “hi-jack”—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you,DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 10-13, 1916, Bayonne, New Jersey/i>—b>BayonneRefinery Strike of 1916/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Afterpolice shoot workmen charging police lines at Standard Oil Refinery, mobbesieges police headquarters and loot liquor stores, resulting in several moreshootings, including innocent woman killed while looking out her second storywindow—4 killed, 34 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1059 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:273.25pt; z-index:18;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-60 0 -60 21537 21600 21537 21600 0 -60 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image071.jpg o:title33 - Everett--Nov. 18, 1916--p.1/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height364src./index_files/image072.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1059>!endif>i>October30, 1916, Everett, Washington/i>—b>Vigilante Gauntlet at Everett/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantes force IWW speakers at millstrike to run gauntlet of whipping, tripping, kicking, and impaling on spikedcattle guard—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 5, 1916, Everett, Washington/i>—b>EverettMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>200 citizen deputies fireon ship attempting to dock and debark IWW activists with such violence thatships wheelhouse alone is pierced with 175 bullet holes, nearly killing shipscaptain, who hid behind heavy metal safe, eventhough activists were only tryingto exercise their American right to freedom of speech, and activists firingback to protect themselves are charged with murder, eventhough deputies whodied might just as easily have been hit from friendly crossfire coming fromanother boat in harbor—7 killed, 47 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1917, Sapula, Oklahoma/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Death of “IWWJohn”/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Found dead morning aftersoapbox organizing—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you,DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 21, 1917, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Deathof Martinus Petkus/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>One strikerkilled and many beaten in sugar mill strike—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths and IWWList Of Killed Members/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1917, Niagara Falls, New York/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Louis Jalleani/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>I.W.W. organizershot by police during a “riot”—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May to July, 1917, East St. Louis, Missouri/i>—b>EastSt. Louis Riots/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Race riot as wellas labor dispute, European-American industrial workers for Aluminum Ore Companyand American Steel Company, fearing that influx of 2000 rural African-Americanworkers per week threatens jobs and wages, attack African-Americans andSouthern Railway Company property, and some African-Americans fight back—152(another source said 102, and another source said 42) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 31, 1917, Riverside, Oregon/i>—b>Death of George W.Shoemaker/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheep rancher shootsstrike negotiator—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths and IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 12, 1917, Virginia, Minnesota/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Nick Luona/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot in the back bypolice while being arrested as slacker—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1060 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:4in;height:217.2pt; z-index:19;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-60 0 -60 21520 21600 21520 21600 0 -60 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image073.jpg o:title34 - Bispeedeportation02 narrow/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height290src./index_files/image074.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1060>!endif>i>July12, 1917, Bisbee, Arizona/i>—b>Bisbee Deportation/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking miner (James H. Brew IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz) shoots sheriff deputy, and then is himselfshot moments later by other deputies, resisting his part in illegal kidnappingand deportation of 1286 striking miners and their sympathizers from Bisbee,Arizona to Hermanas, New Mexico—where President Woodrow Wilson moves them intotemporary shelters in nearby Columbus set up for refugees from Pancho VillaExpedition in Mexico—by posse of 2200 men, possibly largest ever assembled,following model one week earlier of deportation of 67 men from Jerome toNeedles, CA, but this time seizing telegraphs and telephones and preventingWestern Union and Associated Press from reporting kidnappings, and for monthsafterward preventing any person not personally approved by Sheriff fromentering, or reentering, Bisbee, including former workers, and setting stagefor later deportations without trial of suspected radicals to Russia after theAlien Act and Palmer Raids, Japanese to Internment camps during WWII, andmillions of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans ongoing—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 1, 1917, Butte, Montana/i>—b>Assassination ofFrank Little/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After future crimewriter, but then hired mine guard, Dashiell Hammett, in town he would latercall “Poisonville” in his novel “Red Harvest,” turns down company offer of$5000 to perform the deed, local vigilante group with calling card “3-7-77,”representing the dimensions of a gravesite, a group well-know but never chargedwith the crime, drags, beats, and hangs from a railroad trestle a small, one-eyedworker activist nursing a broken leg, who once was jailed 30 days for publiclyreading from Declaration of Independence—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 2-3, 1917, X, Oklahoma/i>—b>Green Corn Rebellion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Near birthplace of just-murdered workeractivist Frank Little, native Americans, at end of their Green Corn Ceremony,unite with local European-American farmers and poor African-Americans, and,spurred on by local unionists, arm themselves and begin long march onWashington, DC to protest war conscription of poor, but local vigilantes stopthem—8 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 8, 1917, Glencoe, Minnesota/i>—b>Unidentified IWW/b> b>Death of Man at Glencoe/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Shot during a shootout while “boxcar organizing”—1 killed, 0wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 8, 1917, Hawkinsville, Georgia/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathsof Mr and Mrs Thomas Simons/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Killedduring a draft resistance fight—2 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1141 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:170.25pt;height:244.5pt; z-index:56;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image075.jpg o:title34/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width227 height326src./index_files/image075.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1141>!endif>i>October4, 1917, Butte, Montana/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Death of Verner Nelson/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot twice in the chest for calling a scab a“scab”—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJAlperovitz/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 24, 1917, Milwaukee, Wisconsin/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of August Giuliana/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galleanist bomber(s) intending to kill evangelist kill(s) localpolicemen instead—10 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 30, 1918, Centralia, Washington/i>—b>CentraliaRed Cross Parade/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Men break offfrom parade to destroy IWW union hall along parade route and beat itsinhabitants, possibly assisted by thugs paid by lumber companies where IWW wasorganizing—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 28, 1917, Red Lodge, Montana/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Kaisa Kreeta Jackson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Innocentbystander shot during harassment of IWW members—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List OfKilled Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 18, 1918, Hillsboro, Illinois/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Lyle Clifford Donaldson/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shotwhen mistaken for an I.W.W. by vigilantes—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List OfKilled Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 16, 1918, Old Forge, Pennsylvania/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Pasquale Marsico/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot whilecollecting for the I.W.W. Defense Fund—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 7, 1918, Isabella, California/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Fred Warn/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot in the head forbelonging to the I.W.W.—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 7, 1918, Isabella, California/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Fred Warn/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot in the head forbelonging to the I.W.W.—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 27 (or 28), 1919, Taunton (or Franklin),Massachusetts/i>—b>American Wool Company Bombing/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Galleanist bombers, acting on February 1919Galleanist flyer entitled “Go-Head” calling for renewed bombing campaign,explode their bomb at wool workers’ strike prematurely, killing the bombers—4killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1142 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:226.5pt;height:194.25pt; z-index:57;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image076.jpg o:title34/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width302 height259src./index_files/image076.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1142>!endif>i>April15, 1919, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Boston Telephone Strike of 1919/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Female telephone operators and their male sympathizers,striking against lower pay for women, beat up students from Harvard and MITbrought in as strikebreakers, and local food service unionists refuse to servethem—0 killed, X wounded./p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 29, 1919, Sandersville, Georgia/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Thomas Hardwick/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Along with delivery of flyer entitled “Plain Words” that begins, “War,class war . . .,” Galleanist bomber(s) intending to kill U.S. Senator blow(s)hands off housekeeper instead—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 1, 1919, Cleveland, Ohio/i>—b>May Day Riots of 1919/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>May Day marchers fight against United StatesLiberty (war) Bond workers—2 killed, 40 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 2, 1919, Washington, DC/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of A. Mitchell Palmer/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Along with delivery of Plain Words flyer, Galleanist bomber(s) blow(s)up U.S. Attorney General’s house, killing bomber and leading to crackdown onillegal immigration known as “Palmer Raids” —1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 2, 1919, New York City, New York/i>—b>Wounding ofJacob Isler/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local IWW presidentshoots local policeman in arm during raid on his IWW hall—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 3, 1919, New York City, New York/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Charles Nott/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Along with delivery of Plain Words flyer, Galleanist bomber(s) intendingto kill judge kill(s) nightwatchman instead—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 26, 1919, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Assassinationof Fannie Sellins/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards,well-known but acquitted anyway, shoot unarmed female worker activist, oncereleased from prison by intervention of US President Woodrow Wilson, and whoonce described her job as distributing "clothing and food to starvingwomen and babies, to assist poverty stricken mothers and bring children intothe world, and to minister to the sick and close the eyes of the dying,"because she intervenes to protect male striker from guards beating, though hedies anyway, and then those guards mock her dead body—2 killed 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1127 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:190.5pt;height:156pt; z-index:49;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image077.jpg o:title35 - Fanny Sellins Dead - resize - 9fed2528e5b72954fb467dc6e476fa5b/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width254 height208src./index_files/image077.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1127>!endif>i>spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>September 9-11, 1919, Boston, Massachusetts/i>—b>BostonPolice Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Called “deserters”and “agents of Lenin,” police officers go on strike, so then-Governor andnext-President Calvin Coolidge sends in state guards to restore order, who useheavy-handed military tactics to put down crime and clash with strikingofficers, and police commissioner resolves strike by hiring all new officers underexact pay and working conditions demanded by old officers—9 killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 21, 1919 to January 8, 1920, locales inColorado, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia/i>—b>SteelStrike of 1919/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Multi-state strikeof steel mills leaves 18 strikers killed, hundreds wounded, and thousandsjailed—18 killed, 200+ woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 30 - October 1, 1919, Elaine, Arkansas/i>—b>ElaineMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Representatives from ProgressiveFarmers and Household Union of America meet in church to organize mostlyAfrican-American sharecroppers against mostly European-American farm owners,but owners confronting union are killed and locals from all around join in whatbecomes race riot—242 (other sources say 105) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 11, 1919, Centralia, Washington/i>—b>CentraliaMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>American Legionnairesmarching in parade celebrating first anniversary of Armistice Day, led by localfootball hero and veteran of anti-Bolshevik wars in Russia, along withprofessional thugs hired by president of Eastern Railway & Lumber Company,in what IWW members consider to be town-wide conspiracy, detour into IWW unionhall along parade route to wreak havoc as in Centralia Red Cross Parade a yearearlier, but this time IWW members fight back, and afterward one of theirjailed members is lynched, though local officials excuse his murder as"suicide"—6 killed (including imprisoned IWW man lynched), 5 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 22, 1919 Bogalusa, LA/i>—b>Bogalusa Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Gunmen hired by Great Southern LumberCompany fire indiscriminately on International Union of Timber Workers unionhall and kill men at doorways, including man exiting back doorway with hishands raised—4 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1128 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:253.5pt;height:183pt; z-index:50;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image078.jpg o:title37/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width338 height244src./index_files/image078.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1128>!endif>i>April22, 1920, Butte, Montana/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Death of Hugh B. Haran/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Accidentally shot while guarding the i>DailyBulletin/i> (IWW periodical) office—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 21, 1920, Butte, Montana/i>—b>Anaconda RoadMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Deputized mine guards,well-known but acquitted anyway, employed by John D. Rockefeller, whose miningcompanies in 1914 slaughter striking miners at Ludlow, Colorado and blow upMiners’ Hall in Butte, Montana, shoot fleeing strikers in back—2 (IWW List OfKilled Members, other sources say 1) killed, 16 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 3, 1920, Washington, DC/i>—b>Suicide or Murder ofAndrea Salsedo/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Captured Galleanistpamphleteer falls to his death from window on 14sup>th/sup> floor of Departmentof Justice building, after having either jumped out on his own or been pushedout by fellow captured Galleanist—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>i>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 19, 1920, Matewan, West Virginia/i>—b>MatewanMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheriff Sid Hatfield andhis deputized striking mineworkers, confronting hired guards newly arrived toevict striking mineworkers’ families from their company-owned homes, get upperhand in ensuing gunfight against those whose guns lie still buried in theirluggage—10 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1920, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>PhiladelphiaLongshoreman’s Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>IWW membersStanley Pavzlack and G. Stain shot by scabs on 10sup>th/sup> and 27sup>th/sup>respectively, and two innocent bystanders shot by scabs on other dates inJune—4 killed, X wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 5, 1920, Denver, Colorado/i>—b>Denver StreetcarStrike of 1920/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Violent mobs ofstrikers, one 2000 members strong, attack Denver Post building, TramwayBuilding, and Union Station, and fight with police—2 killed, 33 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 6, 1920, Denver, Colorado/i>—b>Denver StreetcarStrike of 1920 continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>AfterDenver mayor declares police force, of whom one-third are wounded, is notenough to keep order, and deputizes 2000 citizens, violence continues asstrikebreakers fire into crowd—5 killed, 25 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1089 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:252pt;height:212.95pt; z-index:31;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-58 0 -58 21531 21600 21531 21600 0 -58 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image079.jpg o:title37 - Wallstreet091707a/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width336 height284src./index_files/image080.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1089>!endif>i>August5-6, 1920, Denver, Colorado/i>—b>Denver Streetcar Strike of 1920 continued/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Further undefined woundings—0 killed, 22woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 6, 1920, New York City, New York/i>—b>WallStreet Bombing/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>SuspectedGalleanist(s) blow(s) up financial institutions reputedly in retaliation forindictments of Ferdinand Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti—38 killed, 400 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 7, 1920, to February, 1921, Walker County,Alabama/i>—b>1920 Alabama Coal Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Violence, with some overtones of racial orientation, occurs on bothsides in coal workers strike, including murder of company general manager anddynamiting of thirteen houses for strikebreakers—16 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 2, 1920, Hannaford, North Dakota/i>—b>Death ofJoe Bagley/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Special agent of GreatNorthern Railway shoots IWW member—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal styletab-stops:124.6pt>span stylemso-tab-count:1> /span>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 22, 1920, Nauvoo, Alabama/i>—b>Deaths ofAdrian Northcutt and Willie Baird/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>State guard murders Nazarene minister who also serves as union official,and when his son-in-law avenges his death by killing soldier who murdered him,state guard lynches him in prison—3 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 19, 1921, Jasper County, Georgia/i>—b>JasperCounty Murders/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Harking back to eraof violence against slaves, plantation owner and farmhand kill peons, menimprisoned by local government on trumped-up charges and then let out as slavesto local businesses, to silence their potentially incriminating testimonyagainst them—11 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 1, 1921, McDowell County, West Virginia/i>—b>Assassinationof Sid Hatfield/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards,relatives of those killed in Matewan Massacre, well-known but, on grounds of“self-defense,” acquitted anyway, ambush unarmed sheriff and his deputy,already acquitted for their part in Matewan Massacre, but implicated in union"shooting up" of Mohawk coal camp in McDowell County, while walkingup courthouse steps to stand trial for that other incident—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 27, 1921, Sharples, West Virginia/i>—b>Attack AtSharples/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thousands of minersenraged over acquittal of Sid Hatfield’s murderers march to Logan County tounionize it, and though Mother Jones almost persuades them to turn back, LoganCounty Sheriff’s deputies shooting union sympathizers persuades miners tocontinue on—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1064 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:270pt;height:186.05pt; z-index:20;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-60 0 -60 21513 21600 21513 21600 0 -60 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image081.jpg o:title38 - Blair Mountain Backs/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width360 height248src./index_files/image082.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1064>!endif>i>August31, 1921, Blair Mountain, West Virginia/i>—b>Attack by James Wilburn/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After miners marching to Logan County inrage over acquittal of Sid Hatfield’s murderers (and now also attack on miners’sympathizers at Sharples) meet battle lines drawn by county sheriff at BlairMountain, armed miners organized by local Baptist minister fire first shots ofthree-day battle, and though Wilburn and one of his sons are convicted ofmurder of sheriffs deputies, they serve only three of their eleven yearsentences before being pardoned by West Virginia Governor—4 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 31 to September 2, 1921, Blair Mountain, WestVirginia/i>—b>Battle of Blair Mountain/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In retaliation for acquittal of Sid Hatfield’s murderers, around 10,000union miners march to Logan County, ostensibly to “unionize” it, but insteadshoot out with around 3000 citizens, some from professional class, deputizedand armed, some with automatic weapons, by Logan County Sheriff to preventminers from entering that county, both sides together firing off total ofaround one million rounds, as either US Air Force or sheriff’s deputies dropbombs on miners from airplanes, US Air Force certainly at least providingaerial surveillance, one of unexploded bombs being used in court to exonerateunion leader Bill Blizzard, charged with treason because of his leadership rolein that shoot out, in the very same building where anti-slavery activist JohnBrown had been convicted of treason 62 years earlier—80-130 killed (anothersource could document only 16, adding that miners vowed never to speak openlyabout the conflict for fear of being prosecuted), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 14, 1922, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma/i>—b>AmalgamatedMeat Cutters Second Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking meat workers lynch one African-American strikebreaker—1 killed,0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1922, Fort Worth, Texas/i>—b>Amalgamated MeatCutters Second Strike continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>KuKlux Klan, in support of striking meat workers, kidnap one African-Americanstrikebreaker from hospital and lynch him in stockyard—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 16, 1922, Cherokee, Oklahoma/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Paul Bernarcek (Bednartik)/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shotduring confrontation with fink—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 21, 1922, Herrin, Illinois/i>—b>Herrin Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After shootout with hired guards, victoriousstriking miners, well-known but acquitted anyway, !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1068 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:4in;height:218.1pt;z-index:21;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-58 0 -58 21523 21600 21523 21600 0 -58 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image083.jpg o:title39 - SanPedro_kkk-thumb-540x380 - smaller/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width384 height291src./index_files/image084.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1068>!endif>capture,torture, and kill unarmed strikebreakers, their fellow workers really, endingwith free-range “turkey shoot”—36 (another source said 23) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 22, 1922, Buffalo, New York/i>—b>BuffaloStreetcar Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police officerfires randomly into crowd of protestors, and during melee someone spraysmotorman with acid—1 killed, 4 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 16, 1923, Harrison, Arkansas/i>—b> HarrisonRailroad Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After railroadbridge burnings by striking railroad workers, outraged citizen vigilantes unitewith KKK to confront strikers, and jail one striker who is blamed for shootingone vigilante, though in fact he had been shot by another vigilante, and nextmorning vigilantes drag striker from his cell and hang him on railroad bridge,and other strikers are dragged from their houses and whipped—1 killed, 1+wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May, 1923, Feather River, California/i>—b> UnidentifiedIWW/b> b>Death at Feather River/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wounded mill picket run over by train—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List OfKilled Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 3, 1923, Aberdeen, Washington/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof William J. McKay/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shot in backby mill watchman while on picket line—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 14, 1923, San Pedro, California/i>—b>Liberty HillStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Weeks after Upton Sinclair,Pulitzer-Prize-winning author and founding member of Southern Californiachapter of ACLU, which was founded specifically to help this strike, isarrested for publicly reading from U.S. Constitution, arresting officerquipping “we’ll have none of that Constitution stuff,” under Californiascriminal syndicalism law, which later is declared to be unconstitutional, KKKraids IWW hall, beating men, women, and children, one woman later dying of herinjuries, and scalding two children with coffee, and leads some IWW men away towilderness area to be stripped, tarred, and feathered—1 killed, 2+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 9, 1924, Hanapepe, Hawaii/i>—b>HanapepeMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire onFilipino-Hawaiian sugar workers striking for $2 per day wage increase in sameyear that nonworking company owners average 17% dividends, after strikersabduct two strikebreakers, because all laws allowing workers to strikepeacefully had been struck down by contemporary legislators, but strikersrespond with knives—20 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1149 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:307.5pt;height:246.55pt; z-index:60;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image085.jpg o:title40 - Loray-Mill-STRIKE - small/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width410 height329src./index_files/image085.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1149>!endif>i>March2-3, 1926, Passaic, New Jersey/i>—b>1926 Passaic Textile Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police stop crowd of pickets, thenride their horse and motorcycles into them, clubbing them and firing tear gascanisters at them, and then club cameramen recording police violence anddestroy their cameras—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 23, 1927, Charleston, Massachusetts/i>—b>Executionof Ferdinando Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti/b>:span stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>U.S. Judge Webster Thayer, denying defense motions and callingdefendants “anarchist bastards” and “Bolsheviks” whom he would “get good andproper,” has two Galleanists executed on flimsy evidence for their supposedinvolvement in murder, igniting violent protests around world, including, afterVanzettis appeal to fellow Galleanists for retaliation, bomb attacks onofficials associated with trial, including Thaver himself—2 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 21, 1927, Serene, Colorado/i>—b>Columbine MineMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in mediaportrayal of charismatic young female labor leader “Flaming Milka,” whose wristis broken by mounted guard dragging her behind his horse, state police and mineguards fire on strikers armed only with clubs, knives, and rocks, guardspossibly using machinegun, as American flag carried by one of those killedreceives 17 bullet holes—6 killed, 12 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November, 1927 (another source says January 12, 1928),Walsenburg, Colorado/i>—b>Columbine Mine Massacre at Walsenburg/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police attack local townspeople fortheir sympathy with striking Columbine miners—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 7, 1929, Gastonia, North Carolina/i>—b>Loray MillStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in so-called“Gastonia” novels by at least six authors including Sherwood Anderson, strikersguarding their tent colony shoot out with local police, after they hadapproached and demanded that strikers surrender their weapons, killing policechief—1 killed, 4+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 14, 1929, Gastonia, North Carolina/i>—b>Deathof Ella Mae Wiggins/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After judgedeclares mistrial in shooting death of local police chief at hands of strikingmill workers, because juror goes insane from viewing bloody evidence, localvigilantes, well-known but acquitted anyway, chase down and fire on strikers intruck, all of whom also are eventually fully pardoned, including union head whohad fled to Soviet Union but returned, killing unarmed and pregnantsongwriter/striker who had lost four of nine children to inadequate medicalcare in company town—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 2, 1929, Marion, North Carolina/i>—b>MarionTextile Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheriff anddeputies open fire on picket line of striking textile workers, hitting most intheir backs—6 killed, 17 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1152 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:223.5pt;height:184.5pt; z-index:62;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image086.png o:title40/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width298 height246src./index_files/image087.gif alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1152>!endif>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 6, 1930, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>H.C.Aberle Mill Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Pitchedgunfight erupts between hosiery company employees and hosiery workers union andtheir sympathizers—1 killed, 3 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 24, 1931, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania/i>—b>MammothMills Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Former strikerreturning to work shoots hosiery company employees—1 killed, 2 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 5, 1931, Evarts, Kentucky/i>—b>Battle of Evarts/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Commemorated in song “Which Side Are YouOn?” made popular by singer Hazel Dickens and others, after writers TheodoreDreiser, Sherwood Anderson, and John Dos Passos are evicted from “Bloody”Harlan County for trying to help striking miners there, employer activists incars shoot out with striking miners along roadside—4 killed (another sourcesaid 2), X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 1, 1931, Greenville, South Carolina/i>—b>Attackon Clara Holden/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local vigilantesabduct and whip National Textile Workers Union organizer—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 21, 1931, Tipton, Iowa/i>—b>Iowa Cow War/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sixty-five police officers escort twoveterinarians to farm to test cows fro tuberculosis, but they are met by 400farmers protesting tests because they cause abortions and lower quality ofmilk, and "violence flares"—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 7, 1932, Dearborn, Michigan/i>—b>Ford HungerMarch Massacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Starving strikersare escorted by Detroit police to borders of American Fascist Henry Ford’scompany town of Dearborn, where richest man in world, devotee of Adolph Hitlerand only American mentioned in Hitlers i>Mein Kampf/i>, orders his town’scompany police to fire on them, 70,000 outraged citizens participating in theirfuneral procession, and sprinkling some of the dead’s ashes over the Ford Autoassembly plant where they were killed, where workers also are deprived even oftheir basic human need to converse with each other, lest it slow downproduction—5 killed, 24+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 28, 1932, Washington, District of Columbia/i>—b>Evictionof/b> b>Bonus Army/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After localpolice fail to evict from federal land army veterans in tents demonstrating forSenate passage of bill already passed by House !--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1071 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0; margin-top:0;width:278.6pt;height:201.6pt;z-index:22;mso-wrap-edited:f; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-58 0 -58 21520 21600 21520 21600 0 -58 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image088.jpg o:title41 - Eviction of bonus army - smaller yet/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width371 height269src./index_files/image089.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1071>!endif>allowingearly payment of military bonuses, army “hero” General Douglas MacArthur turnshis troops’ bayonets and gas against his former charges, to cries of “shame,shame” from federal employees lining the streets—4+ killed, 1017 (anothersource said 200) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 27, 1932, Worcester, Massachusetts/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Webster Thayer/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Inresponse to Bartolomeo Vanzetti’s written plea for vengeance, Galleanistbomber(s) intending to kill judge in Vanzatti’s trial wound(s) wife andhousekeeper instead, but succeeds in sending judge into hiding—0 killed, 2wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February, 1933, Appleton, Wisconsin/i>—b>1933 WisconsinMilk Strike at Appleton/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Guardsthrow horseshoes at 100 pickets—0 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 16, 1933, Racine County, Wisconsin/i>—b>1933 WisconsinMilk Strike in Racine County/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Guardsman shoots two teenagers for not stopping their vehicle—1 killed,1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 18, 1933, between Saukville and Grafton, Wisconsin/i>—b>1933Wisconsin Milk Strike between Saukville and Grafton/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Milk delivery driver killed after leavingpicket road block—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 5, 1933, Ambridge, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Spang-ChalfantSeamless Tube Mill Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Privatedeputies fire on picket line—1 killed, 20 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 8, 1933, Woodville, California/i>—b>PixleyCotton Strike at Woodville/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Localvigilantes try unsuccessfully to reach speakers at union rally, breakingrancher’s arm—0 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 10, 1933, Pixley, California/i>—b>Pixley CottonStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Serving as basis for NobelPrize winning author John Steinbeck’s novel, “In Dubious Battle,” localgrowers, well-known but acquitted anyway, hide behind trucks and fire onunarmed strikers as well as Mexican consular representative, who advances witharms raised but is shot and killed, in full view of police having just arrested19 other strikers—4 (another source said 2) killed, 9-18 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1143 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:235.5pt;height:185.25pt; z-index:58;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image090.jpg o:title42 - Pixley Cotton Strike Signs cropped 70/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width314 height247src./index_files/image090.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1143>!endif>i>October10, 1933, Arvin, California/i>—b>Pixley Cotton Strike at Arvin/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Growers blow arm off unarmed 19-year-oldstriker—0 killed, 1+ wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 19, 1933, Springfield, Illinois/i>—b>Shootingof Progressive Miner/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Official fromUnited Mine Workers union shoots member of Progressive Miners of America unionin protest march—1 killed, 0 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 28, 1933, Burke, Wisconsin/i>—b>1933 WisconsinMilk Strike at Burke/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Unaffiliatedcitizen, upset that strikers had broken his headlamp, shoots random farmer onpicket line—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April, 1934, Lakeland, Florida/i>—b>KKK Abducts CitrusWorker Unionist/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>KKK abducts citrusworker union organizer who is never heard from again—1 killed, 0 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 15, 1934, Wilmington, California/i>—b>1934 WestCoast Waterfront Strike at Wilmington/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Hired guards shoot strikers charging tent where strikebreakers live—2(another source said 1, and that location is San Pedro, and that instead oftent it is ship) killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal styletab-stops:12.25in>i>May 23-28, 1934, Toledo, Ohio/i>—b>Battleof Toledo/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guard shoots,bayonets, and teargasess 6,000 striking Electric Auto-Lite Company workers andtheir sympathizers armed only with bricks and bottles, but further violence isaverted by President Roosevelt sending former President Tafts son to mediatebetween sides—2 killed, 200 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 30, 1934, Seattle, Washington/i>—b>1934 West CoastWaterfront Strike at Seattle/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers hearing that scabs are planning to take ship out of port try tostop them, but are ambushed by guards who shoot at least one in back, whodies—1 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedialist of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 5, 1934, San Francisco, California/i>—b>BloodyThursday (1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike at San Francisco):spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>/b>Local police suppress dockworkersstrike, which becomes general strike, U.S. Secretary of Labor Frances Perkinspersuading U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt to ignore state and localofficials pleadings for federal troops to quell it, and when Perkins laterrefuses to deport head of West Coast Longshoreman’s Union, House Committee onUn-American Activities unsuccessfully brings impeachment resolution againsther—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1074 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:243pt;height:210.95pt; z-index:23;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-62 0 -62 21528 21600 21528 21600 0 -62 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image091.jpg o:title45 - Minneapolis Teamsters Strike/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width324 height281src./index_files/image092.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1074>!endif>i>July27, 1934, Sheboygan, Wisconsin/i>—b>Kohler Strike of 1934/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Private deputies fire on striking steel andiron factory workers with guns and teargas—2 killed, 47 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>LateJuly, 1934, Minneapolis, Minnesota/i>—b>Minneapolis Teamsters Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Striking transportation workers and theirsupporters, including many women, fight to prevent produce from being deliveredto city market—4 killed, 200 wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>August-September,1934, Trion, Georgia/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 at Trion/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>In first outbreak of violence in what wasthen largest strike in U.S. history, which was organized by workers atgrass-roots level before even their own union knew about it, newly hired guardsshoot out with striking textile workers—2 (another source said 1) killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 20, 1934, Portland, Oregon/i>—b>LongshoremenShoot Replacement Workers/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikinglongshoremen kill replacement worker and wound another, in series of attacks includingfiring upon visiting US Senator from New York—1 killed, 1 woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September2, 1934, Augusta, Georgia/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 at Augusta/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Newly hired guards attack striking textileworkers—2 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September6, 1934, Honea Path, South Carolina/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 atHonea Path/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>After GovernorBlackwood gives “shoot to kill” orders, national guard and hired guards attackstriking textile workers, shooting most of them in the back—7 (another sourcesaid 6) killed, 30 wounded (another source said 20)/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September11, 1934, Saylesville, Rhode Island/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 atSaylesville/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>When Rooseveltadministration ignores Governor Green’s request for federal troops, nationalguard and hired guards armed with machine guns fight against strikers armedonly with rocks, flower pots, and broken headstones from local cemetery—2(another source said 1) killed, 4+ woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thank you, Professor Scott Molloy/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>i>September12, 1934, Woonsocket, Rhode Island/i>—b>Textile Worker’s Strike of 1934 atWoonsocket/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>National guard firesinto crowd of strikers attempting to storm rayon plant—3 (another source said2, and another source said 1) killed, 15 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Thank you, Professor Scott Molloy/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1145 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:226.5pt;height:193.5pt; z-index:59;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image093.jpg o:title45/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width302 height258src./index_files/image093.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1145>!endif>i>June19, 1935, Union, South Carolina/i>—b>Monarch Mills Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>During textile workers strike at MonarchMills, lunchtime fight becomes full-blown riot in which constable shootsoverseer, and then is himself shot by someone else—2 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 21, 1935, Humboldt County, California/i>—b>PacificNorthwest Lumber Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Threeunion lumber workers killed in fight with police and strikebreakers, and threedays later in Tacoma, WA, unknown number of wounded when guardsmen attack 2000union lumber workers barring entrance of strikebreakers into plant—3 killed, Xwounded/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 7, 1935, Dallas, Texas/i>—b>Dallas PublicSpanking/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Rioting female garmentunion strikers publicly strip and spank female non-union garment workers, andthen scuffle with police—0 killed, 6 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 4, 1935, San Pedro, California/i>—b>IWW/b> b>Deathof Arthur G. Ross/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Died from headinjuries from vigilante—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of Killed Members—Thankyou, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 30, 1935, Tampa, Florida/i>—b>Death of JosephA. Shoemaker/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police arrest fiveunion leaders from cigar industry without warrant, cigar industry mogulsposting bail for policeman charged with false arrest, and turn three of unionleaders over to KKK, who torture one of them to death over nine days—1 killed,X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1936, Pierce, Idaho/i>—b>3 IWW/b> b>Deaths fromPierce, Idaho Ambush/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Conrad Hilldied May 30, 1937, in Lewiston, Idaho, from injuries sustained in 1936 ambushin Pierce, Idaho; Mike Stetz died June 8, 1937 in Orofino, Idaho; and DaltonLee Gentry died November 4, 1940 in Monroe, Lousiana—3 killed, 0 wounded IWWList Of Killed Members—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoHeader styletab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 10, 1936, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania/i>—b>GoodFriday Bombings/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Former coal miner,apparently disgruntled by miners union handling of certain workers issues,mails bombs in cigar boxes to former president of union, coal official, formerWilkes-Barre sheriff, Hanover Township school director and sexton, LuzerneCounty judge, and mediator of Anthracite Conciliation Board—3 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1093 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:225pt;height:179.8pt; z-index:33;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-67 0 -67 21517 21600 21517 21600 0 -67 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image094.jpg o:title46 - Memorial Day Massacre/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width300 height240src./index_files/image095.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1093>!endif>i>Fall,1936, USA/i>—b>1936 International Seamans Union Strike/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Total of 28 seaman die in nationwide strike,including three mentioned just below—25 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 29, 1936, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/i>—b>IWW/b>b>Death of Blackie Hyman/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Killedduring waterfront solidarity strike—1 killed, 0 wounded IWW List Of KilledMembers—Thank you, DJ Alperovitz/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 4, 1936, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Galveston BayDock Wars, 1936-7/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers attack corruptmember of International Seamans Union, who shoots one striker, and thenstrikers beat him nearly to death—1 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>December 9, 1936, Houston, Texas/i>—b>Galveston BayDock Wars, 1936-7, continued/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Strikers from International Seamans Union attack scabs outside bar, andensuing scuffle sends eight to hospital, one of whom dies five days later—1killed, 7 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 23, 1937, Stockton, California/i>—b>StocktonCannery Strike of 1937/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Violencebreaks out as strikebound canneries reopen, resulting in one death and morethan fifty serious injuries—1 killed, 50 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 26, 1937, Detroit, Michigan/i>—b>Battle of theOverpass/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Ford Auto Company hiredguards severely beat union organizers, including Philip Reuther, captured inwidely published photos that the guards had tried but failed to confiscate—0killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 30, 1937, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Memorial DayMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police beat andfire on unarmed striking steel workers, one policeman telling one femalestriker, "get off the field or Ill put a bullet in your back," yetno police were ever prosecuted—10 killed, 140 (another source said 30) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1116 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:226.8pt;height:222.05pt; z-index:42;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image096.jpg o:title46/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width302 height296src./index_files/image096.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1116>!endif>i>June19, 1937, Youngstown, Ohio/i>—b>Womens Day Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>City police captain demands women andchildren leave picket line demanding recognition of steel union, and when theyrefuse, fires tear gas, which wounds infant, so union men gather to fightagainst deputies, and when one of unionists is shot to death, whole townconverges to shoot out with police—16 killed, 283 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June 28, 1937, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania/i>—b>MoltrupSteel Products Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Sheriffsdeputies fighting with picketers trying to prevent night shift from enteringplant kill one man with tear gas shell—1 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 9, 1937, Alcoa, Tennessee/i>—b>Alcoa AluminumStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Gunfire erupts whenpicketers try to stop truck from entering aluminum plant guarded by localpolice, killing one picketer and one police officer—2 killed, X woundedspanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>July 11, 1937, Massillon, Ohio/i>—b>Attack on MassillonUnion Hall/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police destroysteel union hall—2 killed, X woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workers deaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>February 10, 1938, Chicago, Illinois/i>—b>Death ofLloyd Rourke/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Picketer usingbaseball bat kills independent laundry man when he crosses Fairfax Hotel picketline to make delivery—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 1, 1938, Hilo, Hawaii/i>—b>Hilo Massacre/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Local police fire on unarmed and non-violentstriking longshoremen and warehousemen with non-lethal birdshot—0 killed, 50 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 9, 1938, Hatboro, Pennsylvania/i>—b>Death ofRaymond Cooke/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Police chief shootsOscar Nebel Hosiery Company striker—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March, 1959, Letcher and Hazard Counties, Kentucky/i>—b>UnitedMine Workers Strike of 1959/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Gunfireerupts as picketers try to blow up or burn loading ramps—3+ killed, Xwoundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Wikipedia list of workersdeaths/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>1932-1945, Washington, DC/i>—b>NEW DEAL LEGISLATION/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>b>PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT HIRES LABORLEADERS—NEW DEAL LEGISLATION/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>b>SECRETARYOF LABOR FRANCES PERKINS, who campaigned for workers’ rights after witnessingworkers /b>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1076 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:269.85pt;height:206.6pt; z-index:24;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-60 0 -60 21521 21600 21521 21600 0 -60 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image097.jpg o:title47 - Reuther Frankensteen Cropped/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width360 height275src./index_files/image098.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1076>!endif>b>killedby neglectful owners in Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OFPRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT, and with the help of other workeractivists hired by Roosevelt, such as National Recovery Administration leaderJohn Cox, Catholic priest who lead “Cox’s Army” that marched on DC to supportunemployed workers, with help of free gasoline from Gulf Stations owner AndrewMellon, who was fired from his position as President Herbert Hoover’s Secretaryof Treasury for his sympathy with marchers—ENDS MAJOR VIOLENCE BY AND AGAINSTWORKERS AND THEIR SYMPATHIZERS BY LEGISLATING WORKERS’ RIGHTS, including aforty-hour work week, a minimum wage, worker’s compensation, unemploymentcompensation, employee safety provisions, a federal law banning child labor,direct federal aid for unemployment relief, Social Security, a revitalizedpublic employment service, and health insurance/b>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>April 20, 1948, Detroit, Michigan/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Walter Reuther/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shotgun blast through window permanently cripples labor leader’s hand—0killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 24, 1949, Detroit, Michigan/i>—b>AttemptedAssassination of Victor Reuther/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Shotgunblast through window takes out eye and jaw of labor leader—0 killed, 1 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>March 26, 1968, Memphis, Tennessee/i>—b>MemphisSanitation Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>At site ofMartin Luther King’s April 4th assassination, local police respond to strikingsanitation workers breaking windows by firing shotguns into crowds, killing16-year-old boy—1 killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>May 9, 1970, Pellston, Michigan/i>—b>Death of WalterReuther/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Labor leader dies inmysterious plane crash, uncannily similar to plane crash year and half earlier thathe and brother Victor miraculously survive, strongly suggesting sabotage inboth instances, but FBI refuses to release information they have on eithercrash, same FBI that just two years later is accused of being behinddisappearance and presumed crash of plane carrying Congressman Hale Boggs afterhe accused FBI of tapping phones and adopting tactics of Soviet Union andGestapo—6 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>June, 1973, Harlan County, Kentucky/i>—b>Filming Of“Harlan County, U.S.A.”/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Harkingback to era of violence against workers, hired guards shoot indiscriminatelyinto houses of striking miners during filming of documentary about unionactivity in isolated “Bloody” Harlan County (film released 1976)—1 killed, 0wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1077 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:270pt;height:168.6pt; z-index:25;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line wrapcoords-64 0 -64 21497 21600 21497 21600 0 -64 0 o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image099.jpg o:title48 - Harlan County Standoff/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width360 height225src./index_files/image100.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1077>!endif>i>November9, 1974, Cranston, Rhode Island/i>—b>Death of Wilma Schesler/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Nurse on way to work deliberately drives hercar though picket line of striking mental hospital workers—1 killed, 2woundedspan stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Thank you, Professor ScottMolloy/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 13, 1974, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma/i>—b>Deathof Karen Silkwood/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Possibly anaccident, but more likely not an accident, union activist driving alone toexpose workplace safety violations to i>New York Times/i> reporter is founddead in her car crashed head-on into culvert, her exposing documents missing,and unexplained rear-end damage on her new car—1 killed, 0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January-June, 1979, Imperial Valley, California/i>—b>ImperialValley Lettuce Strike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>United FarmWorkers union pickets under Caesar Chavez throw rocks at growers, guards, andstrikebreakers, and several pickets are wounded by gunfire, one being killed,and another is hit by a truck—1 killed, 35 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>November 3, 1979, Greensboro, North Carolina/i>—b>GreensboroMassacre/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>The Communist WorkersParty (CWP) failed to organize white textile workers, so instead turned theirefforts to organizing black textile workers, which brought them into conflictwith Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and American Nazi Party (ANP), and violence broke outwhen Klan and ANP members showed up at CWO rally against the Klan—5 killed, 5wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>January 21, 1986, Austin, Minnesota/i>—b>1985 HormelStrike/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Governor sends nationalguard to protect strikebreakers after violence breaks out on picket line—0killed, X wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>August 6-7, 1988, New York City, New York/i>—b>TompkinsSquare Park Police Riot/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Policebeat down homeless people, political activists, and innocent bystanders ineffort to evict homeless population from park, resulting in more than onehundred filed complaints of police brutality—0 killed, 44 (another source said38) wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>!--if gte vml 1>v:shape id_x0000_s1154 type#_x0000_t75 styleposition:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:184.5pt;height:213pt; z-index:63;mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical:top; mso-position-vertical-relative:line o:allowoverlapf> v:imagedata src./index_files/image101.jpg o:title50 - Judi-Bari - 80/> w:wrap typesquare/>/v:shape>!endif-->!if !vml>img width246 height284src./index_files/image101.jpg alignleft hspace12 v:shapes_x0000_s1154>!endif>i>May24, 1990, Oakland, California/i>—b>Attempted Assassination of Judi Bari/b>:spanstylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Though attack itself is perhaps not reallyinstance of class war, as man claiming responsibility said he acted to preventabortions, nevertheless local police and FBI working on behalf of financialinterests of lumber company, against whom subjects protested, falsely accusevictims of bomb attack as being themselves intended bombers, and, after trial,pay $4.4 million in damages to their posthumous estates—0 killed, 2 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>September 17, 1998, Headwaters Forest, California/i>—b>Deathof David Chain/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Needing to repayloan debt after hostile takeover of lumber company, new management changessustainable growth policy to clearcutting, and amid protests in which localpolice twist back protestors’ heads, separate their eyelids, and apply pepperspray directly onto their eyeballs with sponges, one officer laughing whenasked whether he had any compassion, a lumber worker under pressure to increaseproduction threatens protestors then fells tree that hits one of them—1 killed,0 wounded/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October, 2014, Conway, South Carolina/i>—b>Rescue of/b>b>Christopher Smith/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>SocialServices removes mentally disabled black man from restaurant job where he wasregularly beaten and held prisoner in company housing while earning $2482 a yearfor working 108 hours per week—0 killed, 1 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Thank you, Marcia Weeden/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>i>October 31, 2015, Providence, Rhode Island/i>—b>AttackOn i>Fuerza Laboral/i>/b>:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>Restaurant owner with baseball bat attacks picketers against hisbusiness protesting unpaid wages—0 killed, 2 woundedspan stylemso-spacerun:yes> /span>Thank you, Marcia Weeden/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>---/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>b>Innocent Leaders Of The Workers Movement Martyred InAmericao:p>/o:p>/b>/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>1864 - William Walker/p>p classMsoNormal>1887 - August Spies, Haymarket Five/p>p classMsoNormal>1887 - Adolph Fischer, Haymarket Five/p>p classMsoNormal>1887 - Albert Parsons, Haymarket Five/p>p classMsoNormal>1919 - Fannie Sellins/p>p classMsoNormal>1921 - Sid Hatfield/p>p classMsoNormal>1917 - Frank Little/p>p classMsoNormal>1914 - Louis Tikas/p>p classMsoNormal>1915 - Joe Hill/p>p classMsoNormal>1933 - Delfino Davila, Mexican Consulate, Pixley CottonStrike/p>p classMsoNormal>1929 - Ella Mae Wiggins/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>p classMsoNormal>Version:span stylemso-spacerun: yes> /span>231/p>p classMsoNormal>!if !supportEmptyParas> !endif>o:p>/o:p>/p>/div>/body>/html>
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